Deosai National Park

Deosai National Park (Urdu: دیوسائی باغ ملی) is a high-altitude alpine plain (plateau) and National Park located between and Skardu District, (Astore District) and (Kharmang District) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.[1]

Deosai National Park
The Land of Giants
LocationGilgit-Baltistan
Nearest citySkardu
Coordinates34°58′N 75°24′E
Area843 km2 (325 sq mi)
Average elevation4,114 m (13,497 ft)

Deosai Plains are situated at an average elevation of 4,114 metres (13,497 ft) above sea level and considered as the second highest plateaus in the world.[2]

Etymology
Sheosar Lake is in the western part of Deosai National Park.

Deosai is a Shina language word which means a land where Damon or God lives,The name came about from the folk tale immortalised by Mian Muhammad Baksh in his poem, "Saif al-Mulook"; the word 'Deosai' means 'the Shadow of the Giant': the word "Deo" being a contraction of 'Damon in Balti', and the word 'Sai' being one of 'Place in Balti' i.e. the place where the God or the Lord lives.

Balti people call this place 'Ghbiarsa' referring to 'Summer's Place' because it is only accessible in summer.

Geography
Bara Pani is the largest of the rivers that traverse Deosai National Park.

The Deosai National Park is located in western Himalayas in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. It has an average elevation of 4,114 metres (13,497 ft) above sea level,[3] making the Deosai Plains the second highest plateau in the world after Changtang Tibetan Plateau.[4] The park protects an area of 843 square kilometres (325 sq mi). It is well known for its rich flora and fauna of the Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe eco-region. In spring, it is covered by sweeps of wildflowers and a wide variety of butterflies.

Bara Pani Flowing Through Deosai Plains
Bara Pani Flowing Through Deosai Plains

Geology and soil

The soils of this area are severely eroded, of a coarser nature and mixed with gravel and stones of various materials and sizes. In flat areas between mountains, soil is deep with marshy vegetation.

Fauna and Flora
Several varieties of wildflowers grow on the plains.

The Deosai National Park was established in 1993 to protect the survival of the critically endangered Himalayan brown bear and its habitat. Having long been a prize kill for poachers and hunters, the bear now has a hope for survival in Deosai where its number has increased from only 19 in 1993, 40 in 2005 to 78 in 2022.[5]

The Himalayan Brown Bear, a key species of Deosai National Park

In 1993, after playing an instrumental role in the designation of Deosai as a National Park, the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation (formerly the Himalayan Wildlife Project) was founded with a substantial international financial support. The Himalayan Wildlife Foundation ran two park entry check posts and a field research camp in Deosai for approximately ten years. Documentation was completed by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation for the handover of the management of the Park to the, then, Northern Areas Forest Department with the department starting to manage the park since 2006. While pressures that existed in the 1990s, such as hunting and poaching have subsided, the brown bear is still under threat due to pressures such as climate change, and nutritional deficiencies in bears.[6]

The Deosai Plains are also home to the Siberian ibex, Snow Leopard, Kashmir Musk Deer, Himalayan wolf, Himalayan marmot and over 124 types of resident and migratory birds. Birds in the park include the Golden eagle, Lammergeier, Himalayan vulture, Laggar falcon, Peregrine falcon, Eurasian kestrel, Eurasian sparrowhawk, and Himalayan snowcock.[7]

The following plant species are found in Deosai:

Polygonum affine, Thalictrum alpinum, Bromus oxyodon, Saxifraga flagellaris, Androsace mucronifolia, Aster flaccidus, Barbarea vulgaris, Artemisia maritima, Elymus longiaristatus, Nepeta connata, Carex cruenta, Ranunculus laetus, Arenaria neelgherrensis, Astragalus leucocephalus, Polygonum amplexinade, Echinops niveus, Senecio chrysanthemoides, Artemisia spp., Dracocephalum nutans, Taxus contorta, Chrysopogon gryllus subsp. echinulatus and Dianthus crinitus. There were also observed some medicinal plants which are locally famous i.e. Thymus linearis (Reetumburuk),[8]: 11  Saussurea lappa (kuth), Ephedra gerardiana (Say),[8]: 9  Viola pilosa (Skora-mindoq),[8]: 11  Pleurospermum candollei (Shamdun)[8]: 10  and Artemisia brevifolia (Bursay)[8]: 8  etc. which are used as traditional drug therapies.

Cultural references

Herodotus

Research by the French ethnologist Michel Peissel makes a claim that the story of 'Gold-digging ants' reported by the Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the 5th century BC, was founded on the golden Himalayan Marmot of the Deosai plateau and the habit of local tribes such as Minaro to collect the gold dust excavated from their burrows.[9]

In film
  • The documentary film series Land of the Tiger in episode 5 - the "Mountains of the Gods" features the plants and animals of Deosai.
  • Karakoram Heliski 2013 by Walkabout Films
  • Documentary movie "DEOSAI - The Last Sanctuary" by Walkabout Films

Travel routes

Deosai is accessible from Astore District in the west, Skardu District in the north, and Galtari in Kharmang District in the south-east. It is also accessible from Mehdiabad via Mehdiabad-Dapa Road. Deosai is located approximately 30 km from Skardu city, which is the shortest route to visit Deosai. Another route is from Astore valley via Chilim. It is also accessible from Shila valley. The people of Galtari travel via Deosai. While it is a National Park, the Gujjar-Bakwarwal travel large distances to utilize the Deosai National Park as grazing lands.[10] There is another route called Burgi la via Tsoq Kachura valley Skardu.[11][12][13]

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deosai National Park.

References
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Deosai National Park.
  1. "Deosai National Park". Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  2. Öztürk, Münir; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Faridah-Hanum, I.; Efe, Recep (2015-05-05). Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer. p. 456. ISBN 9783319128597.
  3. Öztürk, Münir; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Faridah-Hanum, I.; Efe, Recep (2015-05-05). Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems. Springer. ISBN 9783319128597.
  4. "Deosai National Park 2nd Highest Plateau". Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  5. "Himalayan bears on verge of extinction". The Express Tribune. 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
  6. "Himalayan bears on verge of extinction". The Express Tribune. 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
  7. Desk, Web. "Deosai National Park". paktourismportal.com.
  8. Abbas, Zaheer; Kousar, Shazia; Aziz, Muhammad Abdul; Pieroni, Andrea; Aldosari, Ali Abdullah; Bussmann, Rainer W.; Raza, Ghulam; Abbasi, Arshad Mehmood (2021). "Comparative Assessment of Medicinal Plant Utilization among Balti and Shina Communities in the Periphery of Deosai National Park, Pakistan". Biology. 10 (5): 434. doi:10.3390/biology10050434. PMC 8153600. PMID 34068859. 434.
  9. Peissel, Michel. "The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas". Collins, 1984. ISBN 978-0-00-272514-9.
  10. Rafiq, Arshed (11 July 2018). "Nomadic life: A struggle against climate change and authorities". Earth Journalism Network. Daily Times Pakistan. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  11. Karim Shah Nizari (17 July 2011). "Deosai: Anything but plain". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  12. Syed Mehdi Bukhari (27 April 2015). "Deosai Plains: Welcome to surreal Pakistan". DAWN. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  13. Osman Ehtisham Anwar (9 April 2016). "My search for the elusive 'giant' of Deosai". DAWN. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
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