Devdas

Devdas (Bengali: দেবদাস, transliterated as Debdās) is a Bengali romance novel written by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. The story pivots a tragic triangle linking Devdas, an archetypal lover in viraha (separation); Paro, his forbidden childhood love; and Chandramukhi, a reformed courtesan.[1] Devdas has been adapted on screen 20 times for film and 5 times for single song.

Devdas
Front cover of the Bengali novel Devdas
Devdas – front cover
AuthorSarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
CountryIndia
LanguageBengali
GenreNovel
PublisherGCS
Publication date
30 June 1917
Media typePrint (hardback and paperback)

The character of Parvati was based on a real life second wife of zamindar Bhuvan Mohan Chowdhury,[2] it was said that even the writer visited the village.[3] According to sources, the original village was called Hatipota.[3]

Plot

Devdas is a young man from a wealthy Bengali family in India in the early 1900s. Parvati (Paro) is a young woman from a middle class Bengali Brahmin family. The two families live in a village called Taalshonapur in Bengal, and Devdas and Parvati are childhood friends.

Devdas goes away for a couple of years to live and study in the city of Calcutta (now Kolkata). During vacations, he returns to his village. Suddenly, both realise that their easy comfort in each other's innocent comradeship has changed to something deeper. Devdas sees that Parvati is no longer the small girl he knew. Parvati looks forward to their childhood love blossoming into a happy lifelong journey in marriage. According to prevailing social custom, Parvati's parents would have to approach Devdas's parents and propose marriage of Parvati to Devdas as Parvati longs for.

Parvati's mother approaches Devdas's mother, Harimati, with a marriage proposal. Although Devdas's mother loves Parvati very much, she isn't so keen on forming an alliance with the family next door. Besides, Parvati's family has a long-standing tradition of accepting dowry from the groom's family for marriage rather than sending dowry with the bride. The alternative family tradition of Parvati's family influences Devdas's mother's decision not to consider Parvati as Devdas' bride, especially as Parvati belongs to a trading (becha-kena chottoghor) lower family. The "trading" label is applied in context of the marriage custom followed by Parvati's family. Devdas's father, Narayan Mukherjee, who also loves Parvati, does not want Devdas to get married so early in life and isn't keen on the alliance. Parvati's father, Nilkantha Chakravarti, feeling insulted at the rejection, finds an even richer husband for Parvati.

When Parvati learns of her planned marriage, she stealthily meets Devdas at night, desperately believing that he will accept her hand in marriage. Devdas has never previously considered Parvati as his would-be wife. Surprised by Parvati's boldly visiting him alone at night, he also feels pained for her. Making up his mind, he tells his father he wants to marry Parvati. Devdas's father disagrees.

In a confused state, Devdas flees to Calcutta. From there, he writes a letter to Parvati, saying that they should simply continue only as friends. Within days, however, he realises that he should have been bolder. He goes back to his village and tells Parvati that he is ready to do anything needed to save their love.

By now, Parvati's marriage plans are in an advanced stage. She refuses to go back to Devdas and chides him for his cowardice and vacillation. She, however, requests Devdas to come and see her before he dies. He vows to do so.

Devdas goes back to Calcutta and Parvati is married off to the widower, Bhuvan Choudhuri, who has three children. An elderly gentleman and zamindar of Hatipota he had found his house and home so empty and lustreless after his wife's death, that he decided to marry again. After marrying Parvati, he spent most of his day in Pujas and looking after the zamindari.

In Calcutta, Devdas's carousing friend, Chunni Lal, introduces him to a courtesan named Chandramukhi. Devdas takes to heavy drinking at the courtesan's place; she falls in love with him, and looks after him. His health deteriorates through excessive drinking and despair – a drawn-out form of suicide. In his mind, he frequently compares Parvati and Chandramukhi. Strangely he feels betrayed by Parvati, though it was she who had loved him first, and confessed her love for him. Chandramukhi knows and tells him how things had really happened. This makes Devdas, when sober, hate and loathe her very presence. He drinks more and more to forget his plight. Chandramukhi sees it all happen, suffering silently. She senses the real man behind the fallen, aimless Devdas he has become, and can't help but love him.

Knowing death approaches him fast, Devdas goes to Hatipota to meet Parvati to fulfill his vow. He dies at her doorstep on a dark, cold night. On hearing of his death, Parvati runs towards the door, but her family members prevent her from stepping out of the house.

The novella powerfully depicts the customs of society that prevailed in Bengal in the early 1900s, which largely prevented a happy ending to a true and tender love story.

Film, TV, and theatrical adaptations

The novel has been made into films in many Indian languages, including Bengali, Hindustani, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Urdu, Assamese and Malayalam.[4][5][6] It is the most filmed non-epic story in India.

Notable film versions of the novella include:

YearTitleLanguageDirectorCastNotes
DevdasParvatiChandramukhi
1928DevdasSilent filmNaresh MitraPhani BurmaTarakbalaNiharbala/Miss Parul
1935DevdasBengaliP. C. BaruaP.C. BaruaJamuna BaruaChandrabati Devi
1936DevdasHindustaniP. C. BaruaK.L. SaigalJamuna BaruaRajkumari
1937DevdasAssameseP. C. BaruaPhani SarmaZubeidaMohini
1953DevadasuTeluguVedantam RaghavayyaAkkineni Nageswara RaoSavitriLalitha
DevadasTamilVedantam RaghavayyaAkkineni Nageswara RaoSavitriLalitha
1955DevdasHindiBimal RoyDilip KumarSuchitra SenVyjayanthimala
1965DevdasUrduKhawaja SarfarazHabib TaalishShamim AraNayyar SultanaPakistani film
1974DevadasuTeluguVijaya NirmalaGhattamaneni KrishnaVijaya NirmalaJayanthi
1978Muqaddar Ka SikandarHindustaniPrakash MehraAmitabh BachchanRaakheeRekhaloosely inspired by Devdas
1979DevdasBengaliDilip RoySoumitra ChatterjeeSumitra MukherjeeSupriya Choudhuryalso known as Debdas
1980Prema TarangaluTeluguS. P. Chitti BabuKrishnam RajuSujathaJayasudharemake of Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
1981Amara KaaviyamTamilAmirthamSivaji GanesanMadhaviSripriyaremake of Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
1982DevdasBengaliChashi Nazrul IslamBulbul AhmedKabori SarwarAnwaraBangladeshi film
1989DevadasMalayalamCrossbelt ManiVenu NagavallyParvathyRamya Krishnan
2002DevdasBengaliShakti SamantaPrasenjit ChatterjeeArpita PalIndrani Halder
DevdasHindiSanjay Leela BhansaliShah Rukh KhanAishwarya RaiMadhuri Dixit
2004DevdasBengaliParambrata ChatterjeeMonami GhoshSreelekha Mitra
2009Dev.DHindiAnurag KashyapAbhay DeolMahi GillKalki Koechlinmodern-day take on Devdas
2010DevdasUrduIqbal KasmiriNadeem ShahZara SheikhMeeraPakistani film
2013DevdasBengaliChashi Nazrul IslamShakib KhanApu BiswasMoushumiBangladeshi film
2017DeviBengaliRik BasuPaoli DamShubh MukherjeeShataf Figarmodern-day take on Devdas
genderbent versions of characters
2017 – presentDev DDHindiKen GhoshAsheema VardaanAkhil KapoorSanjay Suriweb series
modern-day take on Devdas
genderbent versions of characters
2018Daas DevHindiSudhir MishraRahul BhattRicha ChaddaAditi Rao Hydarimodern-day take on Devdas
2019Nayaka Ra Na DevdasOdiaMrutyunjaya SahooAsit PatraBhoomika DashAnu Choudhary

See also

References

  1. "The DEVDAS Phenomenon". The University of Iowa. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
  2. Sen, Sukumar (1353 Bengali Year). Bangla Sahityer Itihas বাঙ্গালা সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস [History of Bengali Literature]. V:3. Calcutta: Modern Book Agency. p. 552.
  3. "শতবর্ষে দেবদাস". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 2018-12-23.
  4. Sharma, Sanjukta (June 7, 2008). "Multiple Takes: Devdas's journey in Indian cinema – from the silent era of the 1920s to the opulent Hindi blockbuster of 2002". Livemint. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  5. "The Hindu : The immortal lover". Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2006-08-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  6. Devdas phenomenon Archived January 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  7. Peene Walon Ko Peene Ka Bahana Chahiye – Haath Ki Safai 1974 1080p HD

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.