Diego de Zúñiga

Diego de Zúñiga of Salamanca (sometimes Latinized as Didacus a Stunica) (1536–1597) was an Augustinian Hermit and academic. He is known for publishing an early acceptance of the Copernican theory.

To be distinguished from Diego López de Zúñiga (theologian) (d.1531)

Life

A student of Luis de León, he taught at the University of Osuna and the University of Salamanca.[1]

His In Job commentaria (Commentary on Job, 1584) addressed Job 9:6, in such a way as to assert that the Copernican heliocentric theory was an acceptable interpretation of Scripture.[2] This publication made him one of a very small number of Catholic scholars of the sixteenth century who set out an explicit accommodation with the ideas of Copernicus.[3] He did, however, subsequently change his views, on another front, philosophical rather than theological. In Philosophia prima pars, written at the end of his life, he rejected Copernicanism as incompatible with Aristotelian theory on natural philosophy.[4]

The Philosophia prima pars was a large-scale work on metaphysics, structured in accordance with current university practice, and aimed at a reform in the university teaching of philosophy. Written from an Aristotelian point of view, it aimed to fortify the Peripatetic philosophy, fending off sceptics and arguing for it as scientific. Against the skeptical attack, truth was treated under metaphysics.[5]

The work of Zúñiga was placed on the Church's Index, together with Copernicus' De revolutionibus, by a decree of the Sacred Congregation from March 5, 1616:

(...) This Holy Congregation has also learned about the spreading and acceptance by many of the false Pythagorean doctrine, altogether contrary to the Holy Scripture, that the earth moves and the sun is motionless, which is also taught by Nicholaus Copernicus's 'On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres' and by Diego de Zúñiga's 'On Job'. (...) Therefore, in order that this opinion may not creep any further to the prejudice of Catholic truth, the Congregation has decided that the books by Nicolaus Copernicus ('On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres') and Diego de Zúñiga ('On Job') be suspended until corrected.[6]

Notes
  1. Robert S. Westman, The Copernicans and the Churches, p. 92-3 in David C. Lindberg, Ronald L. Numbers (editors), God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science (1986).
  2. "Online translation of passage". Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
  3. John Hedley Brooke, Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspectives (1991), p. 90.
  4. Stephen Gaukroger, The Emergence of a Scientific Culture: Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1210-1685 (2006), p. 126,
  5. Charles B. Schmitt, Quentin Skinner (editors), The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy (1990), p. 611 and p. 616.
  6. See original Latin text and an English translation at the Wayback Machine (archived September 30, 2007). Also mentioned by W. R. Shea and M. Artigas in Galileo in Rome (2003), p. 84-85, ISBN 0-19-516598-5

Works
  • Philosophiae prima pars, qua perfecte et eleganter quatuor scientiae Metaphysica, Dialectica, Rhetorica et Physica declarantur Toledo: 1597.

Partial Spanish translation: Metafísica (1597) - Introducción, traducción y notas de Gerardo Bolado - Pamplona, Eunsa 2008. Física (1597) - Introducción, traducción y notas de Gerardo Bolado - Pamplona, Eunsa 2009.

Further reading
  • Rafael Chabrán, Diego de Zuñiga, Job and The Reception of Copernicus in Spain, Ometeca. Vol. 1 No. 2 & Vol. 2 No. 1 (1989–1990): pp. 61–68.
  • Victor Navarro Brotons, The Reception of Copernicus in Sixteenth-Century Spain: The Case of Diego de Zuniga, Isis, Vol. 86, No. 1 (Mar., 1995), pp. 52–78
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