Urban mining

An urban mine is the stockpile of rare metals in the discarded waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) of a society.[1] Urban mining is the process of recovering these rare metals through mechanical and chemical treatments. In 1997, recycled gold accounted for approximately 20% of the 2700 tons of gold supplied to the market.[2]

The name was coined in the 1980s by Professor Hideo Nanjyo of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy at Tohoku University and the idea has gained significant traction in Japan (and in other parts of Asia) in the 21st century.[3][4]

Research published by the Japanese government's National Institute of Materials Science in 2010 estimated that there were 6,800 tonnes of gold recoverable from used electronic equipment in Japan.[5]

References
  1. Kuroda & Ueda 2011, p. 197.
  2. Renner, Hermann; Schlamp, Günther; Hollmann, Dieter; Lüschow, Hans Martin; Tews, Peter; Rothaut, Josef; Dermann, Klaus; Knödler, Alfons; Hecht, Christian; Schlott, Martin; Drieselmann, Ralf; Peter, Catrin; Schiele, Rainer (2000). "Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_499. ISBN 3527306730.
  3. Yu et al. 2011, pp. 165–166.
  4. Nakamura 2016, p. 39.
  5. Yu et al. 2011, p. 166.

Sources
  • Kuroda, Kouichi; Ueda, Mitsuyoshi (2011). "Cell surface design for selective recovery of rare metal ions". In Ike, Michihiko; Yamashita, Mitsuo; Soda, Satoshi (eds.). Handbook of Metal Biotechnology: Applications for Environmental Conservation and Sustainability. CRC Press. ISBN 9789814267991.
  • Yu, Jeongsoo; Che, Jia; Omura, Michiaki; Serrona, Kevin Roy B. (2011). "Emerging issues on Urban Mining in Automobile Recycling". In Kumar, Sunil (ed.). Integrated Waste Management. Vol. 2. InTech. ISBN 9789533074474.
  • Nakamura, Takashi (2016). "How to recover minor rare metals from e-scrap". In Neelameggham, Neale; Alam, Shafiq; Oosterhof, Harald; Jha, Animesh; Dreisinger, David; Wang, Shijie (eds.). Rare Metal Technology 2015. Minerals, Metals & Materials. Springer. ISBN 9783319481883.

Further reading
  • Nakamura, Takashi; Halada, Kohmei (2014). Urban Mining Systems. Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer. ISBN 9784431550754.


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