Dildar (poet)
Dildar, born Yûnis Reûf (Kurdish: یوونس ڕەئووف, romanized: Yûnis Mele Reûf, 20 February 1918 – October 20, 1948)[2] was a Kurdish poet and political activist, best known for writing the Kurdish national anthem Ey Reqîb.[1]
Dildar | |
|---|---|
 Dildar | |
| Born | Yûnis Reuf or Yûnis Mele Reûf 20 February 1918 Koy Sanjaq, Mosul Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Kurdistan Region) |
| Died | 20 October 1948 (aged 30) Erbil, Kingdom of Iraq |
| Literary movement | Classicism[1] |
| Notable works | Ey Reqîb |
Early life and his studies
Dildar was born on 20 February 1918 in the town of Koy Sanjaq located in the Mosul Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. In his youth, he attended school in Ranya, high school in Kirkuk and moved to Baghdad to study law.[3]
Life
Literary style
Many of his poems were written in the classical Kurdish style with quantitative rhythm and monorhyme. His poems were published in the Ronākī and Galawēz literary journals in Erbil and Baghdad. He moreover introduced romantic and realistic elements in Kurdish poetry.[1]
Law
He graduated as a lawyer in 1945 and practiced law to defend the poor, farmers, and defending the Kurdish issues in general.[2]
Political activism
He joined the newly formed Hîwa Party in 1938, which became "[t]he first Kurdish organisation legally recognized, that seeks a united and free Kurdistan". Dildar relocated to Iranian Kurdistan to join the revolution led by Qazi Muhammad against the government of Iran, which led to his infamous arrest in Iran.[2][4]
Prison and death
Ey Reqîb
After being arrested, he was sent to prison in Iran, where he wrote the poem "Ey reqîb" meaning "Oh Enemy", in 1938, referencing the prison guards, and expressing that the Kurds were alive and will not back down from fighting for free a Kurdistan. His expression of frustration and direct confrontation with the occupiers of Kurdistan made "Ey reqib" a symbol in the Kurds cause for freedom.[2]
Death and legacy
Dildar died young at the age of 30 and was buried in Erbil.[2]
He lived to see his poem "Ey Reqîb" being adopted as the Kurdish national anthem. Ey Reqîb was first played and sung in 1946 on the proclamation of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad. Today the song is played as the official anthem of Kurdistan Region[5] and widely adopted by Kurds in the four parts of Kurdistan.
Notes
- Blau, Joyce (1994). "DELDĀR,YŪNES MELA RAʾŪF". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VII/3: Dehqān I–Deylam, John of. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-56859-021-9.
- "The poet Dildar, writer of the Kurdish national anthem "EY REQÎB" (his life and struggle)". ARK News. 21 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- "Dildar is not dead he is alive". Kurdistani Nwe (in Central Kurdish). June 19, 2012. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
- "Dildar".
- KRG. "Flag and national anthem". cabinet.gov.krd. KRG. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
Further reading
- Hawezi, Darya Jamal; Othman, Arazoo (2019), خوێندنهوهیهکی شیعری دڵدار له سێبهری (زمانهوانی دهماری) دا [Cwêndineweyekî şî'rî Dildar le sêberî (zimanewanî demarî) da] (in Kurdish), Koya University, p. 18
- Maarof, Kamal (1989), La vie et l'oeuvre du poète kurde Dildar (in French), Paris, p. 142, ISBN 9782950412614
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