Dipodium stenocheilum

Dipodium stenocheilum, commonly known as tropical hyacinth-orchid,[3] is a leafless saprophytic orchid that is endemic to northern Australia. For most of the year the plant is dormant but in summer it produces a tall flowering stem with up to twenty five white flowers with purple spots and a mauve labellum.

Tropical hyacinth orchid
Dipodium stenocheilum in Charles Darwin National Park
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Dipodium
Species:
D. stenocheilum
Binomial name
Dipodium stenocheilum
O.Schwarz[1][2]
Synonyms

Dipodium punctatum var. stenocheilum (O.Schwarz) Rupp

Description

Dipodium stenocheilum is a leafless, tuberous, perennial, mycoheterotrophic herb. For most of the year the plant is dormant but in summer it produces between three and twenty five white flowers with purple spots and 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) wide are borne on a greenish yellow flowering stem 40–120 cm (20–50 in) tall. The dorsal sepal is 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide but the lateral sepals are slightly longer, the petals shorter than both. The sepals and petals are free from each other and flat or only slightly curved backwards. The labellum is mauve with darker markings, 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and has three lobes with a central band of mauve hairs. Flowering occurs from November to March.[3]

Taxonomy and naming

Dipodium stenocheilum was first formally described in 1927 by Otto Schwarz and the description was published in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. The type specimen was collected near Port Darwin.[1] The specific epithet (stenocheilum) is derived from the Ancient Greek words stenos meaning "narrow" or "tight"[4]: 546  and cheilos meaning "lip" or "rim".[4]: 200 

Distribution and habitat

Dipodium stenocheilum occurs in the Northern Territory including Melville Island, on the Cape York Peninsula and the Kimberley region of Western Australia.[5][6]

Andrew Phillip Brown, Matthew David Barrett and others have suggested that collections from Western Australia represent two species, yet to be formally described. They are the sandstone hyacinth orchid D. ammolithum (also known as Dipodium sp. 'sandstone') and the basalt hyacinth orchid D. basalticum (also known as Dipodium sp. 'basalt woodland').[7][8]

Ecology

Pollination of this species, as for all species in the genus, is by native bees and wasps.[3]: 270 

Cultivation

No leafless species of Dipodium has been successfully maintained in cultivation due to the inability to replicate the association with mycorrhizal fungi in a horticultural context.[3]: 270 

References
  1. "Dipodium stenocheilum". APNI. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  2. "Dipodium stenocheilum O.Schwarz". The Plant List version 1.1. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  3. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 273. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  5. "Dipodium stenocheilum O.Schwarz - Occurrence records mapwork=Atlas of Living Australia". Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  6. "Dipodium stenocheilum O.Schwarz". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  7. Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. pp. 488–489. ISBN 9780980296457.
  8. Backhouse, Gary N.; Bates, Robert J.; Brown, Andrew P.; Copeland, Lachlan M. "Checklist of the Orchids of Australia Including its Island Territories" (PDF). Australian Native Orchid Society. p. 23. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
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