U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team

U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was a United States-based professional road bicycle racing team. On June 15, 2004, the Discovery Channel signed a deal to become sponsor of the team for the 2004–2007 seasons and its name changed to Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team (UCI team code: DSC). From 2005 until 2007, the team was one of the 20 teams that competed in the new UCI ProTour. As part of the sponsorship deal, Lance Armstrong, the team's undisputed leader, provided on-air appearances for the Discovery Networks TV channels. The deal did not affect the rights of secondary sponsor OLN, later known as NBCSN in the US, to air major cycling events such as the Tour de France, although the two channels are competitors.

U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
Team information
UCI codeDSC
RegisteredUnited States
Founded1988 (1988)
Disbanded2007
Discipline(s)Road
StatusUCI ProTeam (2005–2007)
Key personnel
General managerBill Stapleton
Team manager(s)Johan Bruyneel
Team name history
1988–1989
1992–1994
1995
1996–2003
2004
2005–2007
Sunkyong (Amateur)
Subaru–Montgomery
Montgomery–Bell
U.S. Postal Service
U.S. Postal Service–Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team jersey
U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team jersey
Jersey

The team was directed by Belgian Johan Bruyneel, who also managed U.S. Postal. The chief mechanic was Julien DeVries. The team was co-owned by Tailwind Sports Corp. of San Francisco and Capital Sports & Entertainment of Austin, Texas. On February 10, 2007, Discovery Channel announced that it would not renew its sponsorship of the team at the end of the 2007 season.[1] On August 10, 2007, the cycling team announced that it would not search for a new sponsor, but cease operations and disband at the end of the 2007 season.[2]

In October 2012 USADA released a report saying that the team had run "the most sophisticated, professionalised and successful doping programme the sport has ever seen".[3] The report contained affidavits from eleven riders on the team including Frankie Andreu, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leipheimer, and others, describing their own usage of erythropoietin (EPO), blood transfusion, testosterone, and other banned practices during the Tour de France and other races. They also implicated seven-time Tour winner, Lance Armstrong.[4] On October 22, 2012, the UCI upheld the USADA's recommendation to strip Armstrong of all results since August 1, 1998, and ban him from cycling for life.[5] In February 2013, the US government joined Landis' False Claims Act lawsuit against Armstrong, alleging that Armstrong had defrauded the US Postal Service of sponsorship funds by violating cycling rules by using performance-enhancing drugs while riding for the team.[6]

Team rosters

Final season

On August 10, 2007, Tailwind Sports announced the end of the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team. Tailwind officials stopped their search for a new title sponsor for the Discovery team, citing the current tumultuous conditions within the sport of cycling. [7] Team operations continued until the end of the 2007 season.

After the 2007 season Johan Bruyneel went to rebuild Team Astana for the 2008 season. He brought with him much of Discovery's personnel, such as riders Alberto Contador, Levi Leipheimer, Yaroslav Popovych, Tomas Vaitkus, and coach Sean Yates.

The 2007 U.S. national road champion George Hincapie signed a contract for the 2008 season Team High Road, later known as Team HTC–Columbia, run by the American Bob Stapleton.[8]

Final squad (2007)

As of April 30, 2007.[9] Ages are from August 10, 2007.

Rider Date of birth
 Fumiyuki Beppu (JPN) (1983-04-10)April 10, 1983 (aged 24)
 Volodymyr Bileka (UKR) (1979-02-06)February 6, 1979 (aged 28)
 Janez Brajkovič (SLO) (1983-12-18)December 18, 1983 (aged 23)
 Alberto Contador (ESP) (1982-12-06)December 6, 1982 (aged 24)
 Antonio Cruz (USA) (1971-10-31)October 31, 1971 (aged 35)
 Steve Cummings (GBR) (1981-03-19)March 19, 1981 (aged 26)
 Tom Danielson (USA) (1978-03-13)March 13, 1978 (aged 29)
 Allan Davis (AUS) (1980-07-27)July 27, 1980 (aged 27)
 John Devine[10] (USA) (From July 2007) (1985-11-02)November 2, 1985 (aged 21)
 Stijn Devolder (BEL) (1979-08-29)August 29, 1979 (aged 27)
 Vladimir Gusev (RUS) (1982-07-04)July 4, 1982 (aged 25)
 George Hincapie (USA) (1973-06-29)June 29, 1973 (aged 34)
 Levi Leipheimer (USA) (1973-10-24)October 24, 1973 (aged 33)
 Fuyu Li (CHN) (1978-05-09)May 9, 1978 (aged 29)
Rider Date of birth
 Trent Lowe (AUS) (1984-10-08)October 8, 1984 (aged 22)
 Egoi Martínez (ESP) (1978-05-15)May 15, 1978 (aged 29)
 Jason McCartney (USA) (1973-09-03)September 3, 1973 (aged 33)
 Gianni Meersman (BEL) (1985-12-05)December 5, 1985 (aged 21)
 Uroš Murn (SLO) (1975-02-09)February 9, 1975 (aged 32)
 Benjamín Noval (ESP) (1979-01-23)January 23, 1979 (aged 28)
 Pavel Padrnos (CZE) (1970-12-17)December 17, 1970 (aged 36)
 Sérgio Paulinho (POR) (1980-03-26)March 26, 1980 (aged 27)
 Yaroslav Popovych (UKR) (1980-01-04)January 4, 1980 (aged 27)
 José Luis Rubiera (ESP) (1973-01-27)January 27, 1973 (aged 34)
 Tomas Vaitkus (LTU) (1982-02-04)February 4, 1982 (aged 25)
 Jurgen Van Goolen (BEL) (1980-11-28)November 28, 1980 (aged 26)
 Brian Vandborg (DEN) (1981-12-04)December 4, 1981 (aged 25)
 Matt White (AUS) (1974-02-22)February 22, 1974 (aged 33)

Former members of Discovery Channel
Name Nationality Years
Lance Armstrong  United States 2005
José Azevedo  Portugal 2005–2006
Michael Barry  Canada 2005–2006
Ivan Basso  Italy 2007
Manuel Beltrán  Spain 2005–2006
Michael Creed  United States 2005
Antonio Cruz  United States 2005
Viatcheslav Ekimov  Russia 2005–2006
Roger Hammond  United Kingdom 2005–2006
Ryder Hesjedal  Canada 2005
George Hincapie  United States 2005–2007
Leif Hoste  Belgium 2005–2006
Benoît Joachim  Luxembourg 2005–2006
Jonathan Patrick McCarty  United States 2005
Gennady Mikhaylov  Russia 2005–2006
Hayden Roulston  New Zealand 2005
Paolo Savoldelli  Italy 2005–2006
Jurgen Van den Broeck  Belgium 2005–2006
Max van Heeswijk  Netherlands 2005–2006

Former members of U.S. Postal
Name Nationality Years
Lance Armstrong  United States 1998–2004
Benoît Joachim  Luxembourg 1999–2004
Frankie Andreu  United States 1998–2000
José Azevedo  Portugal 2004
Dariusz Baranowski  Poland 1998
Michael Barry  Canada 2002–2004
Tom Boonen  Belgium 2000–2002
Jamie Burrow  United Kingdom 2000
Dylan Casey  United States 1999–2002
David Clinger  United States 2002
Michael Creed  United States 2004
Antonio Cruz  United States 2001–2004
Julian Dean  New Zealand 1999–2000
Pascal Deramé  France 1998–1999
Viatcheslav Ekimov  Russia 1997–1998, 2000–2004
David George  South Africa 1999–2000
Chad Gerlach  United States 1996
Eddy Gragus  United States 1995–1997
Tyler Hamilton  United States 1996–2000
Andrew Hampsten  United States 1996
Roberto Heras  Spain 2001–2003
Ryder Hesjedal  Canada 2004
George Hincapie  United States 1997–2004
Frank Høj  Denmark 1999
Marty Jemison  United States 1998–1999
Patrick Jonker  Australia 2000
Steffen Kjærgaard  Norway 2000–2003
Damon Kluck  United States 2003
Kenny Labbé  United States 2000–2004
Floyd Landis  United States 2002–2004
Juan Llaneras Rosello  Spain 1998
Levi Leipheimer  United States 2000–2001
Kevin Livingston  United States 1999–2000
Glenn Magnusson  Sweden 1999
Chann McRae  United States 2002
Peter Meinert-Nielsen  Denmark 1998–1999
Gianpaolo Mondini  Italy 2002
Kirk O'Bee  United States 2000
Víctor Hugo Peña  Colombia 2001–2004
Daniel Rincón  Colombia 2004
Jean-Cyril Robin  France 1997–1998
Sven Teutenberg  Germany 1998
Christian Vande Velde  United States 1998–2003
Jonathan Vaughters  United States 1998–1999
Cédric Vasseur  France 2000
Stive Vermaut  Belgium 2000
Robbie Ventura  United States 2003–2004
Anton Villatoro  Guatemala 1996–1998
Matt White  Australia 2001–2003
Dave Zabriskie  United States 2003–2004

Notable wins

2005 results
Date Race Location Winner
2005Team Classification, Hervis Tour of Austria AustriaDiscovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
2005-02-27Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne BelgiumGeorge Hincapie
2005–04Overall, Tour of Georgia United StatesTom Danielson
2005-05-19Stage 11, Giro d'Italia ItalyPaolo Savoldelli
2005-05-22Overall, Volta a Catalunya SpainYaroslav Popovych
2005-05-29General Classification, Giro d'Italia  ItalyPaolo Savoldelli
2005-06-05Prologue, Dauphiné Libéré FranceGeorge Hincapie
2005-06-12Points Classification, Dauphiné Libéré  FranceLance Armstrong
2005-06-12Team Classification, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré France

Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team

2005-06-12Stage 7, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré FranceGeorge Hincapie
2005-07-05Stage 4 (TTT) Speed record,[11] Tour de France FranceDiscovery Channel Pro Cycling Team
2005-07-17Stage 15, Tour de France FranceGeorge Hincapie
2005-07-20Stage 17, Tour de France FrancePaolo Savoldelli
2005-07-24Best Young Rider Classification, Tour de France  FranceYaroslav Popovych
2005-08-04Stage 1, Eneco Tour of Benelux NetherlandsMax van Heeswijk
2005-08-08Stage 5 Eneco Tour of Benelux BelgiumMax van Heeswijk
2005-08-28GP Ouest-France FranceGeorge Hincapie
2005-09-02Stage 6, Vuelta a España SpainMax van Heeswijk

2006 results
Date Race Location Winner
2006 United Kingdom National Cyclo-Cross Championship United KingdomRoger Hammond
2006-02-21Stage 2, Tour of California United StatesGeorge Hincapie
2006-02-26Stage 5, Tour of California United StatesGeorge Hincapie
2006-03-28Stage 1, Three Days of De Panne BelgiumLeif Hoste
2006-03-30Stage 4, Three Days of De Panne BelgiumLeif Hoste
2006-03-30KOM, Three Days of De Panne BelgiumLeif Hoste
2006-03-30Overall, Three Days of De Panne BelgiumLeif Hoste
2006-04-25Prologue, Tour de Romandie FrancePaolo Savoldelli
2006-05-06Prologue, Giro d'Italia ItalyPaolo Savoldelli
2006-05-28Combination Classification (Maglia Blu), Giro d'Italia ItalyPaolo Savoldelli
2006-06-11 Japan National Time Trial Cycling Championship JapanFumiyuki Beppu
2006-07-03yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after stage 1, Tour de France  FranceGeorge Hincapie
2006-07-09Overall, Tour of Austria AustriaTom Danielson
2006-07-14Stage 12, Tour de France FranceYaroslav Popovych
2006-07-23Overall, Sachsen Tour International GermanyVladimir Gusev
2006-08-01Prologue, Deutschland Tour GermanyVladimir Gusev
2006-08-09Best Young Rider, Deutschland Tour GermanyVladimir Gusev
2006-08-20Stage 4 (ITT), Eneco Tour of Benelux NetherlandsGeorge Hincapie
2006-08-27 Belgium National Time Trial Cycling Championship  BelgiumLeif Hoste
2006-09-02 United States National Road Race Cycling Championship United StatesGeorge Hincapie
2006-09-04Stage 1, Tour de Pologne PolandMax van Heeswijk
2006-09-06Stage 11, Vuelta a España SpainEgoi Martínez
2006-09-13Stage 17, Vuelta a España SpainTom Danielson
2006-09-17King of the Mountains, Vuelta a España  SpainEgoi Martínez
2006-09-17Team Classification, Vuelta a España SpainDiscovery Channel
2006 Japan National Road Race Cycling Championship JapanFumiyuki Beppu

2007 results
Date Race Location Winner
2007-02-15Metas Volantes, 2007 Vuelta a Mallorca SpainTomas Vaitkus
2007-02-18Prologue, 2007 Tour of California United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-02-23Stage 5 (ITT), 2007 Tour of California United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-02-25Overall, 2007 Tour of California United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-03-02Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana SpainAlberto Contador
2007-03-15Stage 4, 2007 Paris–Nice FranceAlberto Contador
2007-03-16Stage 5, 2007 Paris–Nice FranceYaroslav Popovych
2007-03-18Stage 7, 2007 Paris–Nice FranceAlberto Contador
2007-03-18Best Young Rider, 2007 Paris–Nice FranceAlberto Contador
2007-03-18Overall, 2007 Paris–Nice FranceAlberto Contador
2007-03-29Stage 4, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León SpainAlberto Contador
2007-03-30Spanish Rider Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León SpainAlberto Contador
2007-03-30Combination Classification, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León SpainAlberto Contador
2007-03-30Overall, 2007 Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León SpainAlberto Contador
2007-04-05Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Three Days of De Panne BelgiumStijn Devolder
2007-04-18Stage 3, 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesGianni Meersman
2007-04-19Stage 4 (ITT), 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-04-20Stage 5, 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-04-22Team Classification, 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesDiscovery Channel
2007-04-22Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesJanez Brajkovič
2007-04-22Overall, 2007 Tour de Georgia United StatesJanez Brajkovič
2007-05-23Stage 3, 2007 Volta a Catalunya SpainAllan Davis
2007-06-01Stage 3 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Belgium BelgiumVladimir Gusev
2007-06-03Overall, 2007 Tour of Belgium BelgiumVladimir Gusev
2007-06-21Stage 6, 2007 Tour de Suisse  SwitzerlandVladimir Gusev
2007-06-24Mountains Classification, 2007 Tour de Suisse  SwitzerlandVladimir Gusev
2007-06-29 Russia National Time Trial Cycling Championship RussiaVladimir Gusev
2007-07-01 Belgium National Road Race Championships  BelgiumStijn Devolder
2007-07-12Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Austria AustriaGianni Meersman
2007-07-14Stage 1, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-14Stage 7 (ITT), 2007 Tour of Austria AustriaStijn Devolder
2007-07-15Overall, 2007 Tour of Austria AustriaStijn Devolder
2007-07-16Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-18Stage 5, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-19Stage 6, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-21Stage 8, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaJosé Luis Rubiera
2007-07-22Stage 9, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-22Points Classification, 2007 Tour of Qinghai Lake ChinaAllan Davis
2007-07-22Stage 14, 2007 Tour de France FranceAlberto Contador
2007-07-28Stage 19 (ITT), 2007 Tour de France FranceLevi Leipheimer
2007-07-29Team Classification, 2007 Tour de France  FranceDiscovery Channel
2007-07-29Best Young Rider, 2007 Tour de France  FranceAlberto Contador
2007-07-29General classification, 2007 Tour de France  FranceAlberto Contador
2007-08-13Stage 2, 2007 Tour de l'Ain FranceBrian Vandborg
2007-09-02 United States National Road Race Cycling Championship United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-09-12Stage 2, 2007 Tour of Missouri United StatesGeorge Hincapie
2007-09-13Stage 3, 2007 Tour of Missouri United StatesLevi Leipheimer
2007-09-15Stage 14, 2007 Vuelta a España SpainJason McCartney
2007-09-16Overall, 2007 Tour of Missouri United StatesGeorge Hincapie

U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team history

The US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team and later named the US Postal Service Pro Cycling Team presented by Berry Floor operated from 1996 through 2004. The United States Postal Service was the title (primary) sponsor from 1996 through 2004 and the team was nicknamed the "Blue Train". Berry Floor, a Belgian flooring company, was the secondary sponsor, also known as a Presenting Sponsor. Domestically the USPS Pro Cycling Team was presented by Alloc, the American subsidiary of Berry Floor.

Lance Armstrong won six Tours de France (1999–2004) (that were later stripped) with US Postal, and in 2003 Roberto Heras—at that time a US Postal rider—won the Vuelta a España. Armstrong went on to win a seventh Tour de France in 2005 (that was later also stripped), after the USPS contract and sponsorship ended.

The US Postal Service announced that it would cease sponsorship at the end of the 2004 racing season when its eight-year contract expired. It had previously been under fire for the expenditure from organizations such as Postal Watch, a website critical of the United States Postal Service. Legitimate problems of mismanagement and sloppy accounting were pointed out by the Postal Service itself, via the USPS Office of the Inspector General. Before the expiration of the USPS contract, Armstrong insisted that he would only continue to ride with the USPS team structure. This demand was met on June 15, 2004, when Discovery Networks stepped in and agreed to sponsor the team for the next three years as the Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team.

1996 results

With the help of Thomas Weisel and Eddie Borysewicz, the United States Postal Service begins its reign as title sponsor to what has become the most successful cycling team from the United States. Borysewicz served as the team's directeur sportif and the team raced mainly in domestic events in the United States.

Date Race Location Winner
1996USPRO National Road Race Championships United StatesEddy Gragus
1996Stage Tour of China United StatesEddy Gragus

1997 results

Thomas Weisel brought in Mark Gorski, the 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist in the Men's 1000 m Sprint (Scratch) event, as team manager. Due in large part to Russian Viatcheslav Ekimov and his key stage wins at Paris–Nice and the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, the USPS squad got its first invitation to ride in the Tour de France.

Date Race Location Winner
1997Stage, Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré FranceViatcheslav Ekimov
1997Stage, Paris–Nice FranceViatcheslav Ekimov
1997Stage, Redlands Classic United StatesEddy Gragus
1997 Russia National Road Race Championship RussiaViatcheslav Ekimov
1997Stage, Setmana Catalana SpainGeorge Hincapie

1998 results

Lance Armstrong joined the US Postal team in late 1997, when returning to professional cycling following his cancer treatments.

Date Race Location Winner
1998United States USPRO National Road Race Championships United StatesGeorge Hincapie
1998Overall, Tour de Luxembourg LuxembourgLance Armstrong
1998Stage, Tour de Luxembourg LuxembourgLance Armstrong
1998Overall, Rheinland Pfalz GermanyLance Armstrong
1998Killington (Vermont) Stage Race United StatesGeorge Hincapie
1998First Union Invitational (Lancaster, Pa.) United StatesFrankie Andreu

1999 results
Date Race Location Winner
1999United States USPRO National Road Race Championships United StatesMarty Jemison
1999First Union Classic (Trenton, New Jersey) United StatesGeorge Hincapie
1999Redlands Classic (Redlands, California) United StatesChristian Vande Velde
1999Best Young Rider Classification, Four Days of Dunkirk FranceChristian Vande Velde

2000 results
Date Race Location Winner
2000Grand Prix Eddy Merckx FranceViatcheslav Ekimov

2001 results

In 2001, the U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team was named the USOC Team of the Year. Also, Armstrong was named USOC SportsMan of the Year, which he also won in 1999.

Date Race Location Winner
2001-04-11Gent–Wevelgem BelgiumGeorge Hincapie
2001-09San Francisco Grand Prix United StatesGeorge Hincapie

2002 results
Date Race Location Winner
2002-06United States USPRO National Road Race Championships United StatesChann McRae
2002-07-18Overall, Vuelta a Murcia SpainVíctor Hugo Peña

2003 results
Date Race Location Winner
2003-07-09Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France FranceU.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
2003-09-27Stage 20, Vuelta a España SpainRoberto Heras
2003-09-28Overall, Vuelta a España  SpainRoberto Heras

2004 results
L-to-R: Armstrong, Azevedo, and Ekimov of the 2004 USPS team
Date Race Location Winner
2004-04-01Overall, Three Days of De Panne BelgiumGeorge Hincapie
2004-07-07Stage 4 (TTT), Tour de France FranceU.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team

Early history and notable wins

1988–1989 – Sunkyong (Amateur)

Eddie Borysewicz, known as "Eddy B", was the road coach of a pro/amateur cycling team formed by George Taylor and sponsored by Sunkyong, a South Korea-based manufacturing and industrial conglomerate. At the 1984 Summer Olympics, Borysewicz served as the U.S. Olympic Cycling Coach and led American cyclists to an unprecedented nine Olympic medals.

1992–1994 – Subaru–Montgomery

Subaru and Montgomery Securities, led by Thomas Weisel, serve as co-title sponsors.

Date Race Location Winner
1990Tour de Gastown CanadaJonas Carney
1991Stage 2, Redlands Classic United StatesJim Copeland
1991Tour de Gastown CanadaLance Armstrong
1991Stage 6, Redlands Classic United StatesKrzysztof Wiatr
1992Herald Sun Tour AustraliaBart Bowen
1992USPRO National Road Race Championships United StatesBart Bowen
1993Stage 1, Redlands Classic United StatesMiguel Arroyo

1995 – Montgomery-Bell

Montgomery Securities Chief Executive Thomas W. Weisel, an avid cyclist, continued his support for cycling.

Date Race Location Winner
1995Stage 8, Tour DuPont United StatesClark Sheehan
1995Stage 4, Tour de Pologne PolandEddy Gragus

Sponsors

The following companies and organizations served as sponsors for the 2007 squad:[12]

References
  1. George, Sue (2007-02-10). "Discovery Channel to end sponsorship". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
  2. "Armstrong's Former Team To Disband". forbes.com. 2007-08-10. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
  3. Matt Slater. "Lance Armstrong: Usada report reveals doping evidence". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2012-10-10.
  4. U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Investigation, USADA, 2012 October, retr 2012 10 14
  5. "Lance Armstrong stripped of all seven Tour de France wins by UCI". bbc.co.uk. 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
  6. Ingram, David, "U.S. sues disgraced cyclist Armstrong for sponsor money", Reuters, 22 February 2013; retrieved 27 February 2013
  7. Weislo, Laura. "Discovery disbands: Tailwind Sports confirms team's end". CyclingNews.
  8. "Discovery gives up sponsor hunt". VeloNews. 2007-08-10. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-10.
  9. "Team Discovery Channel Challenge 2007 – THE RIDERS". Retrieved 2007-02-13.
  10. "Discovery Channel finalises '07 roster". Cyclingnews.com. 2007-01-16. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
  11. "Le Tour en chiffres Les autres records" (PDF) (in French). LeTour.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
  12. "ThePaceline.com – Sponsors".

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