District (Taiwan)

Districts are administrative subdivisions of the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme.

NameChineseMandarin
Pinyin
Taiwanese
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Districtkhu
Mountain indigenous district直轄市山地原住民區 zhíxiáshì shāndì
yuánzhùmín qū
Ti̍t-hat-chhī soaⁿ-tē
goân-chū-bîn khu
District
CategoryTownships/cities and districts
LocationFree area of the Republic of China
Found inSpecial municipality, city
Created byLocal Government Act[1]
Created
  • 1945-10-25
  • 1999-01-25
Number170 (as of 2019)
Government
Subdivisions

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government with district administrators appointed by the mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.

History

The first administrative divisions entitled "districts" were established in the 1900s when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. After the World War II, nine (9) out of eleven (11) prefectural cities established by the Japanese government were reform into provincial cities. These cities are Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Kaohsiung, Keelung, Pingtung, Taichung, Tainan and Taipei. The wards ( ku) and towns ( machi) under those cities were merged into larger districts. At the same time, the districts ( kun) under prefectures also reformed as county-controlled districts.

Divisions before 1945Divisions after 1945 to 1950
NameKanjiJapanese
Hepburn
Taiwanese
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
NameChineseMandarin
Pinyin
Taiwanese
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Ward (under cities)kukhu District (under cities)khu
District (under prefectures)kunkūn District (under counties)khu

In August 1950, another administrative division reform was performed in Taiwan, the size of counties shrink and all townships are all directly administered by the county. County-controlled districts were all defunct in this reform. At the same time provincial cities including Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Pingtung were downgraded to county-administered cities, districts of these cities were also defunct. This makes district the type of division exclusively under the five remaining provincial cities: Kaohsiung, Keelung, Taichung, Tainan and Taipei.

When Taipei was promoted as a special municipality by the central government in 1967, several townships surrounding the city were merged into Taipei City and were reorganized as its districts. Afterwards, through another reorganization in 1990, the 12 current districts were formed. In addition, Kaohsiung, the largest city in southern Taiwan, was promoted as a special municipality in 1979. Siaogang Township was also merged to Siaogang District.

In December 2010, the four new special municipalities were established namely Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, and Tainan. Subsequently, all the county-administered cities and townships in Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan, and Taipei Counties were reformed as districts of the new Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and New Taipei cities respectively. Their names, nevertheless, remained the same. The same thing happened to Taoyuan on 25 December 2014 where there are additional new 13 districts from the former county.

These municipalities and provincial cities use district administrative centers for public affairs services to serve the residents of these districts. Also, the directors of these districts and administrative centers are appointed by the mayors, with four years per term.

On 4 February 2014, six districts were reclassified as Special Municipal Mountain Indigenous District (Chinese: 直轄市山地原住民區; pinyin: Zhíxiáshì Shāndì Yuánzhùmín Qū; or shortened as Mountain Indigenous District (山地原住民區; Shāndì Yuánzhùmín Qū)): Wulai in New Taipei, Fuxing in Taoyuan, Heping in Taichung, along with Namasia, Maolin, and Taoyuan in Kaohsiung.

Districts in Taiwan

Districts by cities

In the Republic of China, districts are the only subdivisions of special municipalities and provincial cities in Taiwan Province. Currently, there are 164 districts and 6 mountain indigenous districts located in the special municipalities and the provincial cities.

Division type Special municipalityProvincial city Total
Name Kaohsiung[2] New Taipei[3] Taichung[4] Tainan[5] Taipei[6] Taoyuan Chiayi[7] Hsinchu[8] Keelung[9]
Districts 352828371212237 164
Mountain indigenous districts 3111 6

List of Districts in Taiwan

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka and Formosan languages within each division.

NameChineseHànyǔ PīnyīnTaiwanese POJHakkaFormosan or othersCityType
Zhongzheng中正區ZhōngzhèngTiong-chèngTsûng-tsangTaipeiMunicipal
Wanhua萬華區WànhuáBáng-kahVan-fàBangkaBasayTaipeiMunicipal
Datong大同區DàtóngTāi-tôngThai-thùngTaipeiMunicipal
Zhongshan中山區ZhōngshānTiong-sanTsûng-sânTaipeiMunicipal
Songshan松山區SōngshānSiông-sanTshiùng-sânTaipeiMunicipal
Daan大安區Dà'ānTāi-anThai-ônTaipeiMunicipal
Xinyi信義區XìnyìSìn-gīSin-ngiTaipeiMunicipal
Neihu內湖區NèihúLāi-ô͘Nui-fùTaipeiMunicipal
Nangang南港區NángǎngLâm-kángNàm-kóngTaipeiMunicipal
Shilin士林區ShìlínSū-lîmSṳ-lìmTaipeiMunicipal
Beitou北投區BěitóuPak-tâuPet-thèuTaipeiMunicipal
Wenshan文山區WénshānBûn-sanVùn-sânTaipeiMunicipal
Banqiao板橋區BǎnqiáoPang-kiôPiông-khièuNew TaipeiMunicipal
Xinzhuang新莊區XīnzhuāngSin-chngSîn-chôngNew TaipeiMunicipal
Zhonghe中和區ZhōnghéTiong-hôChûng-fòNew TaipeiMunicipal
Yonghe永和區YǒnghéÉng-hôYún-fòNew TaipeiMunicipal
Tucheng土城區TǔchéngThô͘-siâⁿThú-sàngNew TaipeiMunicipal
Shulin樹林區ShùlínChhiū-nâSu-nàNew TaipeiMunicipal
Sanxia三峽區SānxiáSam-kiapSâm-hia̍pNew TaipeiMunicipal
Yingge鶯歌區YīnggēEng-koYîn-kôNew TaipeiMunicipal
Sanchong三重區SānchóngSam-tiông/Saⁿ-tēng-po͘Sâm-chhùngNew TaipeiMunicipal
Luzhou蘆洲區LúzhōuLô͘-chiuLù-chûNew TaipeiMunicipal
Wugu五股區WǔgǔGō͘-kó͘Ńg-kúNew TaipeiMunicipal
Taishan泰山區TàishānThài-sanThai-sânNew TaipeiMunicipal
Linkou林口區LínkǒuNâ-khàuNà-khiéuNew TaipeiMunicipal
Bali八里區BālǐPat-líPat-lîNew TaipeiMunicipal
Tamsui淡水區DànshuǐTām-chuíThâm-súiNew TaipeiMunicipal
Sanzhi三芝區SānzhīSam-chiSâm-chṳNew TaipeiMunicipal
Shimen石門區ShíménChio̍h-mn̂gSa̍k-mùnNew TaipeiMunicipal
Jinshan金山區JīnshānKim-sanKîm-sânNew TaipeiMunicipal
Wanli萬里區WànlǐBān-líVan-lîNew TaipeiMunicipal
Xizhi汐止區XīzhǐSe̍k-chíSip-chṳNew TaipeiMunicipal
Ruifang瑞芳區RuìfāngSūi-hongLui-fôngNew TaipeiMunicipal
Gongliao貢寮區GòngliáoKòng-liâuKung-liàuNew TaipeiMunicipal
Pingxi平溪區PíngxīPêng-khePhìn-hâiNew TaipeiMunicipal
Shuangxi雙溪區ShuāngxīSiang-kheSûng-hâiNew TaipeiMunicipal
Xindian新店區XīndiànSin-tiàmSîn-tiamNew TaipeiMunicipal
Shenkeng深坑區ShēnkēngChhim-kheⁿChhṳ̂m-hângNew TaipeiMunicipal
Shiding石碇區ShídìngChio̍h-tēngSa̍k-tàngNew TaipeiMunicipal
Pinglin坪林區PínglínPêⁿ-nâPhiâng-lìmNew TaipeiMunicipal
Wulai烏來區WūláiU-laiVû-lòiUlayAtayalNew TaipeiMountain indigenous
Taoyuan桃園區TáoyuánThô-hngThò-yènTaoyuanMunicipal
Zhongli中壢區ZhōnglìTiong-lekChûng-la̍kTaoyuanMunicipal
Daxi大溪區DàxīTāi-kheThai-hâiTaoyuanMunicipal
Yangmei楊梅區YángméiIûⁿ-mûiYông-muìTaoyuanMunicipal
Luzhu蘆竹區LúzhúLô·-tekLù-tsukTaoyuanMunicipal
Dayuan大園區DàyuánToā-HngThai-yènTaoyuanMunicipal
Guishan龜山區GuīshānKu-soaⁿKuî-sânTaoyuanMunicipal
Bade八德區BādéPat-tekPat-tetTaoyuanMunicipal
Longtan龍潭區LóngtánLiông-thâmLiùng-thâmTaoyuanMunicipal
Pingzhen平鎮區PíngzhènPêng-tìnPhìn-tsṳ́nTaoyuanMunicipal
Xinwu新屋區XīnwūSin-okSîn-vukTaoyuanMunicipal
Guanyin觀音區GuānyīnKoan-imKôn-yîmTaoyuanMunicipal
Fuxing復興區FùxīngHok-hengFu̍k-hîn PyasanAtayalTaoyuanMountain indigenous
Central中區ZhōngTiongChûngTaichungMunicipal
East東區DōngTangTûngTaichungMunicipal
South南區NánLâmNàmTaichungMunicipal
West西區XiSeTaichungMunicipal
North北區BěiPakPetTaichungMunicipal
Beitun北屯區BěitúnPak-tūnPet-tunTaichungMunicipal
Xitun西屯區XitúnSe-tūnSî-tunTaichungMunicipal
Nantun南屯區NántúnLâm-tūnNàm-tunTaichungMunicipal
Taiping太平區TàipíngThài-pêngThai-phìnTaichungMunicipal
Dali大里區DàlǐTāi-líThai-lîTaichungMunicipal
Wufeng霧峰區WùfēngBū-hongVú-fûngTaichungMunicipal
Wuri烏日區WūrìO·-ji̍tVû-ngitTaichungMunicipal
Fengyuan豐原區FēngyuánHong-goânFûng-ngiènTaichungMunicipal
Houli后里區HòulǐAū-líHeu-lîTaichungMunicipal
Shigang石岡區ShígāngChio̍h-kngSa̍k-kóngTaichungMunicipal
Dongshi東勢區DōngshìTang-sìTûng-sṳTaichungMunicipal
Xinshe新社區XīnshèSin-siāSîn-saTaichungMunicipal
Tanzi潭子區TánzĭThâm-chúThâm-tsṳ́TaichungMunicipal
Daya大雅區DàyǎTāi-ngéThai-ngâTaichungMunicipal
Shengang神岡區ShéngāngSin-kóngSṳ̀n-kôngTaichungMunicipal
Dadu大肚區DàdùTōa-tō͘Thai-túTaichungMunicipal
Shalu沙鹿區ShālùSoa-la̍kSâ-lu̍kTaichungMunicipal
Longjing龍井區LóngjǐngLiông-chéⁿLiùng-tsiángTaichungMunicipal
Wuqi梧棲區WúqīGō·-chheǸg-tshiTaichungMunicipal
Qingshui清水區QīngshuǐChheng-chúiTshîn-súiTaichungMunicipal
Dajia大甲區DàjiǎTāi-kahThai-kapTaichungMunicipal
Waipu外埔區WàipǔGoā-po͘Ngoi-phûTaichungMunicipal
Daan大安區Dà'ānTāi-anThai-ônTaichungMunicipal
Heping和平區HépíngHô-pêngFò-phìn PasingAtayalTaichungMountain indigenous
West Central中西區ZhōngxīTiong-seChûng-sîTainanMunicipal
East東區DōngTangTûngTainanMunicipal
South南區NánLâmNàmTainanMunicipal
North北區BěiPakPetTainanMunicipal
Anping安平區ĀnpíngAn-pêngAn-phìnTainanMunicipal
Annan安南區ĀnnánAn-lâmAn-nàmTainanMunicipal
Yongkang永康區YǒngkāngÉng-khongYún-khôngTainanMunicipal
Gueiren (Guiren)歸仁區GuīrénKui-jînKûi-yìnTainanMunicipal
Sinhua (Xinhua)新化區XīnhuàSin-hòaSîn-faTainanMunicipal
Zuojhen (Zuozhen)左鎮區ZuǒzhènChó-tìnTsó-tsṳ́nTainanMunicipal
Yujing玉井區YùjǐngGio̍k-chéⁿNgiu̍k-tsiángTainanMunicipal
Nansi (Nanxi)楠西區NánxīLâm-seNàm-sîTainanMunicipal
Nanhua南化區NánhuàLâm-hòaNàm-faTainanMunicipal
Rende仁德區RéndéJîn-tekYìn-tetTainanMunicipal
Guanmiao關廟區GuānmiàoKoan-biōKûan-meuTainanMunicipal
Longci (Longqi)龍崎區LóngqíLiông-kiāLiùng-khìTainanMunicipal
Guantian官田區GuāntiánKoaⁿ-tiānKôn-thiènTainanMunicipal
Madou麻豆區MádòuMôa-tāuMà-theuTainanMunicipal
Jiali佳里區JiālǐKa-líKâ-lîTainanMunicipal
Sigang (Xigang)西港區XīgǎngSai-kángSî-kóngTainanMunicipal
Cigu (Qigu)七股區QīgǔChhit-kó͘Tshit-kúTainanMunicipal
Jiangjun (Jiangjyun)將軍區JiāngjūnChiong-kunTsiông-kiûnTainanMunicipal
Syuejia (Xuejia)學甲區XuéjiǎHa̍k-kahHo̍k-kapTainanMunicipal
Beimen北門區BěiménPak-mn̂gPet-mùnTainanMunicipal
Xinying (Sinying)新營區XīnyíngSin-iâⁿSîn-yàngTainanMunicipal
Houbi後壁區HòubìĀu-piahHeu-piakTainanMunicipal
Baihe白河區BáihéPe̍h-hôPha̍k-hòTainanMunicipal
Dongshan東山區DōngshānTong-sanTûng-sânTainanMunicipal
Lioujia (Liujia)六甲區LiùjiǎLa̍k-kahLiuk-kapTainanMunicipal
Xiaying (Siaying)下營區XiàyíngĒ-iâⁿHa-yàngTainanMunicipal
Liouying (Liuying)柳營區LiǔyíngLiú-iâⁿLiú-yàngTainanMunicipal
Yanshuei (Yanshui)鹽水區YánshuǐKiâm-chúiYàm-súiTainanMunicipal
Shanhua善化區ShànhuàSiān-hòaSan-faTainanMunicipal
Danei大內區DànèiTōa-lāiThai-nuiTainanMunicipal
Shanshang山上區ShānshàngSan-siōngSân-songTainanMunicipal
Sinshih (Xinshi)新市區XīnshìSin-chhīSîn-sṳTainanMunicipal
Anding安定區ĀndìngAn-tēngÔn-thinTainanMunicipal
Yancheng鹽埕區YánchéngIâm-tiâⁿYàm-thàngKaohsiungMunicipal
Gushan鼓山區GǔshānKó͘-sanKú-sânKaohsiungMunicipal
Zuoying左營區ZuǒyíngChó-iâⁿTsó-yàngKaohsiungMunicipal
Nanzih (Nanzi)楠梓區NánzǐLâm-chúNàm-chṳ̀KaohsiungMunicipal
Sanmin三民區SānmínSam-bînSân-mìnKaohsiungMunicipal
Sinsing (Xinxing)新興區XīnxīngSin-hengSîn-hînKaohsiungMunicipal
Cianjin (Qianjin)前金區QiánjīnChiân-kimChhièn-kîmKaohsiungMunicipal
Lingya苓雅區LíngyǎLêng-ngáLìn-ngáKaohsiungMunicipal
Cianjhen (Qianzhen)前鎮區QiánzhènChiân-tìnTshièn-chṳ́nKaohsiungMunicipal
Cijin (Qijin)旗津區QíjīnKî-tinKhì-chînKaohsiungMunicipal
Siaogang (Xiaogang)小港區XiǎogǎngSió-kángSeú-kóngKaohsiungMunicipal
Fongshan (Fengshan)鳳山區FèngshānHōng-soaⁿFung-sânKaohsiungMunicipal
Linyuan林園區LínyuánLîm-hn̂gLìm-yènKaohsiungMunicipal
Daliao大寮區DàliáoToā-liâuThai-liàuKaohsiungMunicipal
Dashu大樹區DàshùToā-chhiūThai-suKaohsiungMunicipal
Dashe大社區DàshèToā-siāThai-saKaohsiungMunicipal
Renwu仁武區RénwǔJîn-búYìn-vúKaohsiungMunicipal
Niaosong鳥松區NiǎosōngChiáu-chhêngTiâu-tshiùngKaohsiungMunicipal
Gangshan岡山區GāngshānKong-sanKông-sânKaohsiungMunicipal
Ciaotou (Qiaotou)橋頭區QiáotóuKiô-thâuKhiâu-thèuKaohsiungMunicipal
Yanchao燕巢區YàncháoIàn-châuYèn-tshâuKaohsiungMunicipal
Tianliao田寮區TiánliáoChhân-liâuThièn-liàuKaohsiungMunicipal
Alian阿蓮區ĀliánA-lianÂ-liènKaohsiungMunicipal
Lujhu (Luzhu)路竹區LùzhúLō͘-tekLu-tsukKaohsiungMunicipal
Hunei湖內區HúnèiÔ͘-lāiFù-nuiKaohsiungMunicipal
Qieding (Cieding)茄萣區QiédìngKa-tiāⁿKâ-tinKaohsiungMunicipal
Yong'an (Yong-an)永安區Yǒng'ānÉng-anYún-ônKaohsiungMunicipal
Mituo彌陀區MítuóMî-tôMì-thòKaohsiungMunicipal
Ziguan (Zihguan)梓官區ZǐguānChú-koaⁿTsṳ́-kônKaohsiungMunicipal
Cishan (Qishan)旗山區QíshānKî-sanKhì-sânKaohsiungMunicipal
Meinong美濃區MěinóngBi-longMî-nùngKaohsiungMunicipal
Liouguei (Liugui)六龜區LiùguīLa̍k-kuLiuk-kuîKaohsiungMunicipal
Jiasian (Jiaxian)甲仙區JiǎxiānKah-sianKap-siênKaohsiungMunicipal
Shanlin杉林區ShānlínSam-nâTsham-lìmKaohsiungMunicipal
Neimen內門區NèiménLāi-mn̂gNui-mùnKaohsiungMunicipal
Maolin茂林區MàolínBō͘-lîmMeu-lìmTeldrekaRukaiKaohsiungMountain indigenous
Taoyuan (Tauyuan)桃源區TáoyuánThô-goânThò-ngiènNganiBununKaohsiungMountain indigenous
Namasia (Namaxia)那瑪夏區NàmǎxiàNamasiaNamasiaNamasiaBunun, KanakanavuKaohsiungMountain indigenous
East東區DōngTangTûngChiayiMunicipal
West西區SeChiayiMunicipal
East東區DōngTangTûngHsinchuMunicipal
North北區BěiPakPetHsinchuMunicipal
Xiangshan香山區XiāngshānHiong-sanHiông-sânHsinchuMunicipal
Zhongzheng中正區ZhōngzhèngTiong-chèngTsûng-tsangKeelungMunicipal
Zhongshan中山區ZhōngshānTiong-sanTsûng-sânKeelungMunicipal
Ren'ai仁愛區Rén'àiJîn-àiYìn-oiKeelungMunicipal
Xinyi信義區XìnyìSìn-gīSin-ngiKeelungMunicipal
Anle安樂區ĀnlèAn-lo̍kÔn-lo̍kKeelungMunicipal
Nuannuan暖暖區NuǎnnuǎnLóan-lóanNôn-nônKeelungMunicipal
Qidu七堵區QīdǔChhit-tó͘Tshit-tùKeelungMunicipal

Former districts

District changes between 1945 and 1950

CityDistrictsAftermath
1945 – 19461946 – 1950
ChanghuaChang-pei (彰北區)Changhua county-administered city
Districts were defunct
Chang-hsi (彰西區)
Chang-nan (彰南區)
Ta-chu (大竹區)
ChiayiTung-men (東門區)Hsin-tung (新東區)Chiayi county-administered city
Districts were defunct
Then East and West Districts, Chiayi (provincial city)
Tung-shan (東山區)
Nan-men (南門區)Hsin-nan (新南區)
Pa-chiang (八獎區)
Hsi-men (西門區)Hsin-hsi (新西區)
Chu-wei (竹圍區)
Pei-men (北門區)Hsin-pei (新北區)
Pei-chen (北鎮區)
(part of
Tainan County)
Shui-shang (水上區)Shuishang Township, Chiayi County
Tai-pao (太保區)Taibao City, Chiayi County
HsinchuEast (東區)Hsinchu county-administered city
Districts were defunct
Then East and North Districts, Hsinchu (provincial city)
South (南區)
West (西區)
North (北區)
Hsiang-shan (香山區)Hsiang-shan Township in Hsinchu County,
then Xiangshan District, Hsinchu (provincial city)
(part of
Hsinchu County)
Chu-tung (竹東區)Zhudong Township, Hsinchu County
Pao-shan (寶山區)Baoshan Township, Hsinchu County
PingtungCentral (中區)Pingtung county-administered city
Districts were defunct
East (東區)
South (南區)
North (北區)
(part of
Kaohsiung County)
Wan-tan (萬丹區)Wandan Township, Pingtung County
Chang-chih (長治區)Changzhi and Linluo Townships, Pingtung County
Chiu-ju (九如區)Jiuru Township, Pingtung County

District reforms in Taipei

1945 – 19681968 – 1990After 1990
Chien-cheng (建成區)Datong
Yen-ping (延平區)
Ta-tung (大同區)
Cheng-chung (城中區)Zhongzheng
Ku-ting (古亭區)
Shuang-yuan (雙園區)Wanhua
Lung-shan (龍山區)
(part of
Taipei County)
Ching-meiWenshan
Mu-cha

See also

Overview of administrative divisions of the Republic of China
Republic of China
Free area[lower-roman 2] Mainland area[lower-roman 3]
Special municipalities[lower-greek 1][lower-roman 4] Provinces[lower-roman 5] Not administered[lower-roman 6]
Counties[lower-greek 1] Autonomous municipalities[lower-greek 1][lower-roman 7]
Districts[lower-greek 2] Mountain
indigenous
districts
[lower-greek 1]
County-
administered
cities
[lower-greek 1]
Townships[lower-greek 1][lower-greek 2][lower-roman 8] Districts[lower-greek 2]
Villages[lower-greek 3][lower-roman 9]
Neighborhoods
Notes
  1. Has an elected executive and an elected legislative council.
  2. Has an appointed district administrator for managing local affairs and carrying out tasks commissioned by superior agency.
  3. Has an elected village administrator for managing local affairs and carrying out tasks commissioned by superior agency.

Notes

  1. Mountain indigenous districts have self-governing bodies consisting of a district office and a representative council; there are currently six such districts
  2. Also known as the Taiwan area or Tai–Min area (Chinese: 臺閩地區; lit. 'Taiwan–Fujian area')
  3. The mainland area consists of Mainland China, Tibet and (previously) Outer Mongolia
  4. Special municipalities, cities, and county-administered cities are all called shi (Chinese: ; lit. 'city')
  5. Nominal; provincial governments have been abolished
  6. Constitutionally having the same structure as the free area, these are currently under the Chinese Communist Party control with a different structure
  7. Sometimes called cities (Chinese: ) or provincial cities (Chinese: 省轄市) to distinguish them from special municipalities and county-administered cities
  8. There are two types of townships: rural townships or xīang (Chinese: ) and urban townships or zhèn (Chinese: )
  9. Villages in rural townships are known as tsūn (Chinese: ), those in other jurisdictions are known as (Chinese: )

References

  1. "Local Government Act - Article Content - Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China". law.moj.gov.tw. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  2. "KaoHsiung City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  3. "New Taipei City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  4. "Taichung City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  5. "Tainan City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  6. "Taipei City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  7. "ChiaYi City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  8. "Hsinchu City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
  9. "KeeLung City" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Post.gov.tw.
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