Cerberus rynchops

Cerberus rynchops, also known as the New Guinea bockadam, South Asian bockadam, bockadam snake, or dog-faced water snake, is a mildly venomous species of a snake in the family Homalopsidae.[1][2] It is native to coastal waters of South and Southeast Asia.[2] The species was re-delimited in 2012, allocating populations east and south of the west coast of Thailand to other species.[3]

Cerberus rynchops
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Homalopsidae
Genus: Cerberus
Species:
C. rynchops
Binomial name
Cerberus rynchops
(Schneider, 1799)
Synonyms[2]
  • Hydrus rynchops
    Schneider, 1799
  • Hydrus cinereus
    Shaw, 1802
  • Coluber cerberus
    Daudin, 1803
  • Python rhynchops
    — Merrem, 1820
  • Homalopsis cerberus
    — Fitzinger, 1826
  • Homalopsis molurus
    H. Boie, 1826
  • Homolopsis rhynchops
    — F. Boie, 1827
  • Cerberus cerberus
    Cuvier, 1829
  • Cerberus cinereus
    — Cantor, 1839
  • Cerberus rhynchops
    — Günther, 1864
  • Hurria rynchops
    — Stejneger, 1907
  • Cerberus rynchops
    — M.A. Smith, 1930

Ecology and behaviour

It is commonly found in mangroves, mudflats, streams, ponds, tidal pools, on algae patches, and has even been found burrowing into the mud. It is rear-fanged and is mildly venomous. An aquatic and nocturnal snake, it feeds mainly on fish and is known to consume eels.

In captivity, it is observed to move in a sidewinding direction on land. In the BBC series 'Life in Cold Blood' it was filmed adapting this sidewinding technique to jump across a mudflat in Singapore; up until then, no snakes were considered able to truly jump. It also has a prehensile tail that would suggest it could climb mangrove trees. It is now known to give birth to live young, numbering from 8 to 30, either in water or on land.

It is a quite docile, mild-tempered and a hardy snake; in recent years it has become a welcome addition to snake hobbyists in the Philippines. It also owes its popularity to its bright yellow to orange belly coloring, mostly of females. In the Philippines, particularly in the Central Visayas area, this snake is commonly known as the "tangkig".

Scalation

Description

The visibility of upper jaw, giving it a dog-like appearance. Head long and distinct from neck. Eyes small and beady, with rounded pupils. Dorsum dark gray, with faint dark blotches and a dark line along the sides of the head, across the eyes. Center cream with two distinct rows of large, diffuse dark gray spots.

Scales are distinctly keeled. Midbody scale rows 21–25. Ventrals 132–160. Subcaudals 49–72.

Distribution and habitat
Dog-faced Water Snake, Sundarban, India

This is a saltwater-tolerant species found in India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, and northwestern Malaysia.[2] The eastern limit of its distribution with Cerberus schneiderii is uncertain.[3]

References
  1. Murphy, J. (2010). "Cerberus rynchops ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T176680A7282653. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176680A7282653.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Cerberus rynchops at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 February 2019.
  3. Murphy, J.C.; Voris, H.K.; Karns, D.R. (2012). "The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species". Zootaxa. 3484: 1–34. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.1. Abstract (pdf)

Further reading
  • Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. ("Cerberus rhynchops [sic]", pp. 374–375).
  • Karns DR, O'Bannon A, Voris HK, Weigt LA (2000). "Biogeographical implications of mitochondrial DNA variation in the Bockadam snake (Cerberus rynchops, Serpentes, Homalopsinae) in Southeast Asia". Journal of Biogeography 27: 391–402
  • Schneider JG (1799). Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus primus, continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros. Jena: F. Frommann. xiii + 264 pp. + corrigenda + Plate I. (in Latin).


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