Dolores O'Riordan

In 1989, brothers Mike (bass) and Noel (guitar) Hogan formed the Cranberry Saw Us with drummer Fergal Lawler and singer Niall Quinn, in Limerick, Ireland.[43][44] Less than a year later, Quinn left the band.[45][46][lower-alpha 1] He then told the remaining members that his girlfriend knew a girl who was looking for a band playing original material.[19][47]

In mid-1990, on a Sunday afternoon, O'Riordan and Quinn came to the band's rehearsal room, Noel Hogan later recalled that "Niall came up with Dolores on that Sunday and I remember she was shy, very soft-spoken. Not the Dolores that everyone grew to know. And she comes in and we're just kind of a gang of young guys sitting around the place. It must have been very, very intimidating for her".[47] O'Riordan sang a couple of songs that she had written and she also did a Sinéad O'Connor song, "Troy".[47] The band was impressed and gave her a cassette with instrumentals, asking her if she could work on it.[19][23] When she returned with a rough version of "Linger", she was hired.[19][48] Hogan told Rolling Stone that "the minute she sang, you know, it was like your jaw drops at her voice. Dolores was musically far superior to me, because she had been doing it all her life".[47]

O'Riordan was still a student at Laurel Hill Coláiste FCJ secondary school when she first joined the band.[37][49] She had set her sights on the musical life and her desire to be in "a band with no barriers, where I could write my own songs", she told The Guardian in 1995.[11] At the time, she was doing her Leaving Certificate.[10] However, the academic study did not hold much interest for her—although her marks in school were good.[19] As a result, O'Riordan left school without any qualifications.[34]

The Cranberries recorded demo tapes, including Nothing Left at All, a three-track EP released on tape by local record label Xeric Records, which sold 300 copies.[23][50] The owner of Xeric Studios, Pearse Gilmore, became their manager and provided the group with studio time to complete another demo tape, which he produced.[19] It featured early versions of "Linger" and "Dreams", which were sent to record companies in the UK.[51] This demo gained attention from both the UK press and record industry, and sparked a bidding war between record labels.[19][52] Eventually, the group signed with Island Records.[19][53] The group changed their name to "The Cranberries" and released a four-track EP, Uncertain.[23][48]

By then, O'Riordan experienced difficult touring conditions with low income, sleeping on people's floors and in cramped vans across Ireland and UK.[19][50] Furthermore, she had to overcome her shyness at the time during the early live performances with the Cranberries, singing "with her back to the audience".[50][54] Lawler recalled, "we just went up, and we had six songs. Dolores was turned to the side; Noel, Mike and I had our heads down".[19][50] At this stage, she had spent eight years with classical piano, and had played the harmonium in her church for ten years.[20][33] O'Riordan had been rapidly gaining international attention after the release of the Cranberries' first album, Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?.[11][52] It contained the group's most successful singles, "Dreams" and "Linger", which charted at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 when she was only 22.[55]

The Cranberries performing on the Roxy Bar show at Bologna in 1995

Early in 1994, O'Riordan injured her cruciate ligament in a ski accident in the Alps' Val-d'Isère and underwent major surgery.[11][56] In September 1994, the Cranberries released "Zombie", the lead single of the follow-up album, No Need To Argue.[57] The song reached No. 1 of Triple J's Hottest 100, which was the first time ever that a female-led band had topped Australia's biggest song poll.[58][59] She stood alone in the countdown's history for sixteen years.[58] In terms of female-fronted acts, O'Riordan still remains one of only two women to sing on a No. 1 song on the Hottest 100 ranking [as of 2020].[58][lower-alpha 2] She reached her commercial peak with No Need to Argue, the top-selling album worldwide in the first semester of 1995,[61] and the world's best selling album of the year by a European artist.[62] The album produced the songs "Ode to My Family", "I Can't Be with You", "Ridiculous Thoughts" and the group's biggest international hit, "Zombie", which topped singles charts in several countries.[63] Dan Weiss of Billboard stated that the song "Zombie", "could crush an entire room with the combined largesse of O'Riordan's ocean-swallowing voice".[64] By this time, within the release of the first two albums of the Cranberries with accompanying tours, O'Riordan had achieved both success and celebrity status.[65]

Eventually, O'Riordan had disengaged from Sinéad O'Connor due to the analogy made between them in the press. O'Riordan rejected and "loathed" the comparison, saying "[w]hat I do is so different. ... I might have been singing before she ever sang—who knows? It's not like I'm not going to sing because somebody from up the road got there first because she was a few years older than me."[19] Her leg injury recurred unexpectedly and led to cancellation of the three concerts scheduled in Ireland for December 1994.[56] This resulted in a press backlash, while the audience was more understanding, as O'Riordan had mentioned that the concerts were not cancelled but postponed until June 1995.[56]

She has been recognised as a style icon, sporting a pixie cut or buzzed hair in the 1990s, and performing barefoot, saying "it just feels comfortable and honest to pull your toes along the ground".[11][66][67] Billboard's William Goodman described O'Riordan performing "Barefoot and strutting onstage, an Irish warrior poet with a bleached blonde pixie cut, gold chain necklace, singing without a flinch, as if it were ordained".[7] The New York Times mentioned that O'Riordan was responsible for a large portion of Dr. Martens boots sales in the 1990s.[65]

O'Riordan with Brian Eno, Bono, Zucchero, the Edge and Simon Le Bon at the Pavarotti & Friends concert, 1995

After attending a concert of the Cranberries at London's Royal Albert Hall in January 1995, author Alec Foege described O'Riordan as "part Audrey Hepburn, part David Bowie".[19] On 23 March 1995, O'Riordan appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine.[68] On 12 September 1995, O'Riordan performed "Ave Maria" along with Luciano Pavarotti in his Pavarotti & Friends series of benefit concerts, entitled Together for the Children of Bosnia, which raised funds for War Child and the children of Bosnia, held in Modena, Italy.[69] Princess Diana, who attended the live performance, told O'Riordan that the song brought her to tears.[70] During the show, O'Riordan performed "Linger" as a duet with Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran.[71]

The Cranberries' third album, To the Faithful Departed debuted at number two in the UK,[72] and number four in the US,[73] with the singles "Free to Decide", "When You're Gone" and "Hollywood".[72] It also featured the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks number-one single "Salvation".[72] Halfway through the Free To Decide World Tour 1996–97 promoting To the Faithful Departed, O'Riordan and the Cranberries canceled the remaining dates announcing that they would take time off in 1997.[32][69] While the group claimed that "exhaustion" was the result of an extensive touring schedule, pressure from managers—and press intrusion, suspicions and rumours from the press indicated "O'Riordan's health has deteriorated".[74] O'Riordan publicly told Irish Examiner, "I was very depressed and I was extremely anorexic on that record, and as it came out I got progressively worse".[75] O'Riordan was the one who made the decision to take a break,[32] although their management and record company "went mental", the rest of the group supported her.[76] Stephen Street later said that "perhaps she could have tempered her behavior and been more measured, but that wasn't her way."[54]

On 12 November 1998, Dolores O'Riordan and Fergal Lawler presented the award for Best Song at the MTV Europe Music Awards, in Milan, Italy.[77][78] On 11 December 1998, she performed live with the Cranberries at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert at Oslo Spektrum, Oslo, Norway.[69]

With the Cranberries she released Bury the Hatchet, which showcased a maturity of the group's sound.[62][68] The album peaked at number one on both the Canadian Albums Chart,[79] and on the European Top 100 Albums,[80] but did not match the commercial success of the group's first two albums.[62] The world tour has been her biggest ever, which started in April 1999 and lasted until July 2000.[32][72]

O'Riordan in 2001

Bury the Hatchet was quickly followed by her fifth effort with the group, Wake Up and Smell the Coffee, released on 22 October 2001.[62][68] On 15 December 2001, O'Riordan performed solo in the Vatican as part of the annual Vatican Christmas concert (Concerto di Natale) for Pope John Paul II.[81][82] She sang "Analyse", "Panis angelicus", "Little Drummer Boy" and "Silent Night" with a 67-piece orchestra accompanying all artists.[81] The show was broadcast to well over 200 million people around the world.[83][84][85]

On 7 February 2002, O'Riordan and the Cranberries announced in Dublin that they donated all the proceeds from their single "Time Is Ticking Out" to the Chernobyl Children's Project.[86][87] She was accompanied at the Clarence Hotel by Ali Hewson, and its founder and executive director, Adi Roche. O'Riordan wrote and recorded the song in spring 2001 after seeing images shared with her by Hewson and Roche of children born with congenital anomalies and illnesses caused by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 26 April 1986.[86][87] O'Riordan explained, "I had just given birth to my second child, a beautiful healthy little girl. [ ... ] I had spoken with Ali on the subject before this, but I was so moved, almost to tears, that I wrote Time Is Ticking Out".[86][87] On 14 December 2002 she received a second invitation to perform at the Vatican Christmas concert.[82] O'Riordan sang "Linger", "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" and "Adeste Fideles". Dolores was supported by the Millennium Symphony Orchestra on the three songs, directed by Renato Serio, and also by the Summertime Gospel Choir on "Adeste Fideles".[83][88][89]

In June 2003, O'Riordan met AC/DC singer Brian Johnson when the Cranberries were playing concerts with AC/DC and the Rolling Stones on the latest leg of their Licks World Tour, and they considered the idea of working together.[90][91] In mid-July 2003, the two friends started collaborating on material for a project that should have been the rock opera version of Helen Of Troy, based on the Greek mythology—with "rousing anthems, tender ballads and minimal dialogue".[92][93] Johnson said he's been working on it for about seven years and that the musical to which O'Riodan would lend her voice was expected to feature many artists.[92] The $1.2 million production was initially to debut in March 2003 at the Van Wezel Performing Arts Hall in Florida.[92] However, despite the pronouncement, the project was adjourned and Johnson expected it to be completed in late 2003 so that it could be played in London.[92]

In 2003, the band decided to take a temporary time-out to experiment with solo projects.[94]

O'Riordan on stage during a soundcheck at Festivalbar in Italy in May 2004

O'Riordan stated she had become a prisoner of her own celebrity and did not find a balance in her life.[95] In The Independent, O'Riordan said she needed time not only to focus on her family and health but also on her solo career. She enjoyed being treated "like any ordinary person" living in Canada, and then became a volunteer at her children's school.[96]

In 2003, O'Riordan recruited Canadian music producer Dan Brodbeck and musicians to develop new compositions for her solo project.[97] Among them was drummer Graham Hopkins, whom O'Riordan said she "loved for his energy".[97] Also included bassist Marco Mendoza, who had been a long time friend with O'Riordan and her husband; while Mendoza's father was a good friend of O'Riordan's father-in-law.[97] As well as Steve DeMarchi as the main guitarist, who used to do live sessions with the Cranberries, along with his brother Denny DeMarchi who played keyboards and guitars for the band in the early 2000s.[97] Brodbeck stated that their hiring was "100 per cent based on personalities clicking and musical tastes".[98][99] DeMarchi brothers' family had long been friends with Dolores O'Riordan's husband and their three children.[98] In a Canadian newspaper, Denny DeMarchi described that she was "a perfectionist on tour"; occasionally during the show, she would turn to her musicians and canceled a particular song "in the moment".[98][99] Although the technical crew was frustrated because they had to make various changes, understanding prevailed, saying that "she was emotionally not able to go there". As described by DeMarchi, "[f]or her, singing wasn't just something to deliver... it was a real experience."[98][99]

On 6 March 2004, O'Riordan performed "Ave Maria" during the 54th International Song Festival at the Ariston Theater, Sanremo, in northern Italy.[102] On 29 May 2004, O'Riordan performed during the first concert of the Festivalbar, in Milan, Italy.[103] In 2004, she appeared with the Italian artist Zucchero on the album Zu & Co., with the song "Pure Love".[104][105] The album also featured other artists such as Sting, Sheryl Crow, Luciano Pavarotti, Miles Davis, John Lee Hooker, Macy Gray and Eric Clapton.[104][105] In 2004, O'Riordan worked with composer Angelo Badalamenti of Twin Peaks fame on the Evilenko soundtrack, providing vocals on several tracks, including "Angels Go to Heaven", the film's theme song.[106][107][108] Badalamenti later said that "she's a wonderful lyricist with an edge to her voice".[109]

In 2005, she appeared on the Jam & Spoon's album Tripomatic Fairytales 3003 as a guest vocalist on the track "Mirror Lover".[100][110] On 3 December 2005, O'Riordan made her third appearance at the Vatican's annual Christmas concert, where she performed "War Is Over", "Linger" and "Adeste Fideles" in duet with Italian tenor Gian Luca Terranova.[83]

In April 2006, O'Riordan signed a contract with Ciulla Management, based in Sherman Oaks, California.[111][112] Prematurely before the release of her first solo album, the former Trent Reznor and Marilyn Manson mentor Tony Ciulla became her manager.[111][112] She made a cameo appearance in the Adam Sandler comedy Click, released on 23 June 2006, as a wedding singer performing an alternate version of the Cranberries' "Linger", set to strings.[100][111] On 9 December 2006 she would be invited at the Vatican Christmas concert which took place in Monte Carlo, as the concert which was to be held at the Vatican was canceled by the Pope Benedict XVI.[113] She sang "Angel Fire" from her forthcoming solo album with an orchestra and Steve DeMarchi, also "Away in a Manger" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)".[83] Since she had no label at the time, her husband Don Burton stated that they decided to go with an indie, and therefore, not continue with UMG during her hiatus.[114] In December 2006, Sanctuary Records signed O'Riordan for a solo record deal; of their recently signed artist, Julian Wall of Sanctuary Records noted that "Dolores comes to us with an immense international CV".[115][116]

The music video for "Ordinary Day", directed by Caswell Coggins, was filmed in Prague, in February 2007.[117][118] Are You Listening? was released in May 2007. The album entered and peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Top Rock Albums ranking, and number 77 on the Billboard 200.[63] "Ordinary Day" was its first single, released in late April, and was produced by BRIT Awards winner, Martin "Youth" Glover, whose previous credits included the Verve, Embrace, Primal Scream, U2 and Paul McCartney.[119] In August "When We Were Young" was released as the second single from the album.[120] Colm O'Hare of Hot Press averred that O'Riordan could have chosen to exploit the underlying sonorities of the Cranberries on Are you Listening? to keep her devotees waiting until the reunion, but instead, "she's done something far more ambitious by releasing this multi-layered collection of songs that traverses styles and genres".[121] At that time, the couple split their time between Dublin and her husband's native Canada "surrounded by bears, wolves and all that great outdoor stuff", said O'Riordan.[122]

O'Riordan performed on many televised live performances in 2007 in support of that record, and travelled to over 22 countries in Europe, North America and South America on the 2007 O'Riordan world tour.[116][123] On 21 March 2007, she performed on TV show Taratata in Paris, France.[124] On 20 April 2007, O'Riordan made an appearance live on The Late Late Show on RTÉ in Dublin.[125] On 16 May 2007, she appeared on Carson Daly's late-night show, Last Call with Carson Daly, in Burbank, California, in an episode that aired on 18 May 2007.[116][126] She also appeared on 17 May 2007, on NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in Burbank, California, in an episode that aired on 19 May 2007.[116][127] On 25 May 2007, O'Riordan performed during a live broadcast of Channel 7's Sunrise in Sydney, Australia.[128] In May 2007 she played six songs acoustically at True Music with Katie Daryl on Hdnet in Los Angeles, California, in an episode that aired on 2 September 2007.[129][130] The same month she performed on the Heaven and Earth Show aired on BBC One.[131] On 29 June 2007, O'Riordan took to the stage of Festivalbar in Catania, Italy.[132] On 2 August 2007, Sanctuary Records UK division ceased their activity and was acquired by UMG at about $88 million.[133] O'Riordan commented, "they started off as a management company for Iron Maiden, maybe 25 years ago. But they've been around forever and now they've become a record company, and I thought, that looks grand and solid—they're indie and they'll be good. Jesus, six months into Are you Listening? they got bought out by Universal in the States...".[114] On 19 November 2007, she cancelled the remainder of her European Tour (Lille, Paris, Luxembourg, Warsaw and Prague) due to illness.[134] In December 2007, she performed in a few small American clubs, including Des Moines, Nashville, and Charlottesville, Virginia.[135]

O'Riordan promoting her debut solo album Are You Listening? in 2007

In 2008, O'Riordan won an EBBA Award. Every year the European Border Breakers Awards recognise the success of ten emerging artists or groups who reached audiences outside their own countries with their first internationally released album in the past year.[136]

In January 2009, the University Philosophical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) invited the Cranberries to reunite for a concert celebrating O'Riordan's appointment as an honorary member of the Society, which led the band members to consider reuniting for a tour and a recording session.[137][138][139] Of the event, embracing her performance with the Cranberries, O'Riordan stated that "the minute we started playing it felt like we'd never stopped", pointing out that "it's a chemistry. It just fits".[140] O'Riordan released her second album No Baggage, featuring 11 tracks, in August 2009.[141] The first single "The Journey" was released on 13 July 2009, followed by a second single, "Switch Off the Moment". The music video for "The Journey" was directed by Robin Schmidt and filmed in 16 mm on 8 May 2009, at Howth Beach Pier and at Howth Summit, Dublin, Ireland. The music video aired on 29 July 2009.[142][143] O'Riordan said of No Baggage "I probably haven't worn my heart on my sleeve like this since the second album No Need to Argue".[141] Nevertheless, No Baggage was poorly received by music critics compared to Are you Listening?, and neither album replicated the success of the Cranberries.[144][145]

O'Riordan performing with her signature Gibson SG electric guitar in Paris in May 2010[146]

On 25 August 2009, while promoting her solo album No Baggage in New York City on 101.9 RXP radio,[147] O'Riordan announced the Cranberries Reunion World Tour of 107 concerts.[138][148][149] Following the statement, O'Riordan reported that thought about how much she missed the band before making the decision to tour again, saying of Lawler and the two Hogan brothers that "they're a big part of my heart and soul".[150] In October 2009, O'Riordan attended, along with actresses Tessa Thompson and Emma Bates, an event at The Westwood Theatre in Ontario, after a screening of South Dakota: A Woman's Right to Choose, a film about teenage pregnancy and abortion.[151] O'Riordan moderated a discussion with high school pupils, she remained neutral and allowed the girls to formulate their own opinions.[152] O'Riordan and the Cranberries allowed their songs "Dreams", "Empty" along with "Apple Of My Eye" and "Stupid", to feature in the film released in the US in October 2013.[151][153][154]

The Cranberries reformed and the tour began in North America in mid-November, followed by South America in mid-January 2010 and Europe in March 2010.[148][149] The band played songs from O'Riordan's solo albums, many of the Cranberries' classics, as well as new songs.[155] In 2010, O'Riordan told Billboard magazine that playing with Fergal Lawler, Noel, and Mike Hogan worked better dynamically with her voice.[156] By 2010, however, O'Riordan suffered from vocal cord nodules which caused her doctor to prescribe six weeks of inability to perform. Consequently, concert dates were cancelled and postponed, but the recurring problem persisted until 2012.[157][158][159]

On 1 July 2011, a concert entitled "TU Warszawa"—"Here, Warsaw" was the main event of the inauguration of Poland's presidency of the EU council. O'Riordan performed "Zombie" and "I Lied" (English version of the Polish song "Skłamałam") with the Sinfonia Varsovia Orchestra, in Warsaw, Poland.[160][161] At this point in her career, to keep up with her bookings, negotiations and finances, O'Riordan began to be managed by Danny Goldberg, former Kurt Cobain and Nirvana manager. Goldberg has also managed Sonic Youth and Courtney Love's band Hole.[162][163][164] O'Riordan celebrated the reunion by touring with the Cranberries across Asia in July 2011, where the crowd was "impressed with her wide vocal range and strong vocal control".[165][166] During the six years of their hiatus, O'Riordan and Noel Hogan occasionally shared ideas.[167] In 2011, they recorded their sixth album, Roses with longtime producer Stephen Street, released in February 2012.[164]

O'Riordan in May 2012

On 22 March 2012, the Cranberries cancelled nine minutes before the show at the Enmore Theatre in Sydney, O'Riordan suffered from food poisoning and was unable to perform. When she recovered, the Roses Tour resumed two days later and the cancelled show was rescheduled for 26 March.[168] In May 2012, the final two concerts of the North American tour of the Cranberries had to be postponed for a then undisclosed reason, which was later said to involve from O'Riordan's "hectic touring schedule"; this caused some uncertainty about the upcoming European leg of the tour.[169] For the second leg of the Roses World Tour, O'Riordan hired a touring backing vocalist, Johanna Cranitch. During anterior tours, backup vocals were performed by the band's backup guitarist, Steve DeMarchi.[170][171] In November 2012, the extent to which her father's 2011 death was affecting O'Riordan was made public when she admitted in Le Télégramme that she was unable to perform "Ode to My Family" throughout the 32 shows of the second leg of the European tour; O'Riordan said "I hope to be able to sing it back one day, but for now, it's too soon".[172]

O'Riordan replaced Sharon Corr as one of the mentors on RTÉ's The Voice of Ireland during the 2013–14 season.[173][174] O'Riordan reached the final of the competition with her act Kellie Lewis, who finished in second place.[175][176] In October 2013, O'Riordan and Marco Mendoza reconvened their partnership and were working on the songs for her announced third solo album scheduled for 2014, and presumably some film possibilities.[177] Her final performance at the Vatican Christmas concert occurred in December 2013,[82] where she performed "Letting Go" from Are You Listening?, "Silent Night" in duet with Elisa Toffoli, "Away in a Manger" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)".[83][178] In the autumn of 2013, as her hometown of Limerick was preparing to start its tenure as Irish City of Culture in 2014, O'Riordan was approached by the city to play a special gig.[179] During a New Year's Eve party under the Spire of St Mary's Cathedral, she performed with a quartet from the Irish Chamber Orchestra, playing "Linger", "Zombie" and one solo, "The Journey".[180]

In mid-January 2014, between shoots for The Voice, O'Riordan stated that she had written fifteen songs for a new solo album and she planned to go to Los Angeles to elaborate the start of the album.[181] In April 2014, disillusioned by her experiences in the music industry, O'Riordan told Barry Egan that the record business made her "extraordinarily wealthy, but sucked the blood out of her, like a particularly ferocious vampire".[182] In mid-July 2014, O'Riordan had announced that she would not return to The Voice of Ireland for a second season due to her health condition affected by flights from Dublin to Canada during seven weeks of filming.[176]

In April 2014, O'Riordan began recording new material with Jetlag, a collaboration between Andy Rourke of the Smiths and Olé Koretsky, a DJ and producer based in New York. They then formed a trio under the name D.A.R.K. Their first album, Science Agrees, was released in September 2016.[183][184]

In late April 2017, celebrating the 25th anniversary of the band, the Cranberries released a new studio album Something Else, featuring acoustic versions of their greatest hits, and backed by the Irish Chamber Orchestra. Three new songs appear on this album: "Rupture," "Why" and "The Glory" the last song written by O'Riordan and Noel Hogan, in their song-writing partnership.[185][186] The album was well received by critics; reviewers have praised "the return of one of Ireland's finest songsmiths", and reacted favourably to the orchestral and acoustic reimagining.[186][187][188] Music critic Karen Gwee has described O'Riordan's voice "more measured, more labile and rich with maturity", whilst "the thinness of her voice dilutes the anxious energy of "Animal Instinct", one of the album's tracks".[189]

In May 2017, the band started the world tour as acoustic concerts, with a string quartet. Most of the time, O'Riordan sang seated on a stool. After eleven shows, O'Riordan was said to be in "excruciating pain". The Cranberries published on social media the cancellation of the sold-out tour in Europe and North America, stating that O'Riordan's back problem was in the mid- to upper area of her spine and diaphragmatic movements associated with breathing and singing exacerbated the pain.[190][191] During her rest, O'Riordan had been planning a new album of the Cranberries, and had written and recorded demo versions in her final years.[192]

O'Riordan's last public performance was on 14 December 2017 in New York City, where she sang three Cranberries songs at Billboard's Christmas party.[193][194][195] On 15 December 2017, Eminem released his album Revival which included a large sample from the song "Zombie" as the hook for his rap song "In Your Head".[196]

O'Riordan's deeply religious mother, a devotee of Elvis Presley, had a strong influence on her.[197][198] She was influenced by Gregorian chant at an early age,[20][lower-alpha 3] which remained her main influence until the end of her life.[198][200] Months before she died, O'Riordan tested the resonance and the acoustics of the Glenstal Abbey church in Ireland to sing there.[201] O'Riordan stated that this apprenticeship by this detachment of the world in a raw and devoted setting influenced a lot of her development as an artist and as a musician.[68][154]

She referred to Presley and John Lennon as particularly large influences during her early years. Other early influences include, Frank Sinatra, Jim Reeves and Bing Crosby.[202] In her teenage years, O'Riordan spent much of her time with her brothers who listened to heavy metal music,[11][203] while being equally passionate about rock and Gaelic folk music.[11][204]

When she had reached the age of sixteen,[20] O'Riordan had started listening to the Smiths,[100] the Cure,[100][205] R.E.M.,[96][206] Depeche Mode,[96][207] which constituted her primary musical influences.[20] She had also been influenced by the Kinks,[208] Magazine,[209][210] Siouxsie and the Banshees,[206] and New Order.[27][209]

She credited Johnny McEvoy's song "The Old Bog Road" as one of the most beautiful old Irish songs and praised the Pogues' songs.[197] She made a reference to Ireland's most famous poet, William Butler Yeats.[211] O'Riordan stated of the grunge decade; "creatively it was a really great time", mentioning Pearl Jam, Blind Melon and Nirvana.[212] She wrote the song "I'm Still Remembering" six months after the death of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.[213][214] In 2009, talking about her three favourite albums, O'Riordan mentioned the Smiths' album The Smiths, Depeche Mode's album Violator, and the original soundtrack of the film The Mission.[215] Her other musical influences include Morrissey, Led Zeppelin,[216] also Metallica, and James Hetfield whom she met in 1995.[217][218][219] She drew her influences from everyday life, events that occurred in the world, or her friendly and romantic relationships.[220]

O'Riordan penned her first song, called "Calling", at the age of 12.[21][48][222] She was the lead lyricist and co-composer of the band's songs with guitarist Noel Hogan, although she wrote a lot of the song structures.[199][223] In the early days of the Cranberries, Hogan gave her a sequence of chords he had composed; a week later she came back with lyrics finished of "Linger"[lower-alpha 4] and wrote "Sunday" shortly after.[224][225] O'Riordan described in 1993 that she chose to be a singer and songwriter for the creative aspect, "something new", saying that she would not have been happy singing traditional Irish music for a living.[226] O'Riordan had a preference for solitude as an approach to writing songs. According to Hogan, the Cranberries never changed their writing process after their first encounter. Throughout their partnership, O'Riordan and Hogan never sat in a room together and wrote at the same time.[227]

O'Riordan performing in Montreal in 2009[228]

O'Riordan tended to write her ideas continuously through the day, although most of the melodies came in the night since she struggled with insomnia;[229] and so, she had a history of sleeping pills dependence in the course of her career.[230] She experienced writer's block for months during one period of her life.[229]

I draw from a lot of different life experiences: births, deaths, war, pain, depression, anger, sadness. [ ... ] I found it very easy to write lyrics when I was younger because I had no inhibitions—they just came pouring out. I find as I get older it's more difficult: you develop fears and you go, 'What will people think of this?' But it's important not to think too much about what people will think, because then you'll never write!

— Dolores O'Riordan, speaking of song themes in How I Wrote...: Songwriting Magazine.[231]

O'Riordan noted in Ultimate Guitar on her writing process, "lyrics are very important for me to make sure that I'm portraying whatever it is I need to portray. So I sit there but the funny thing is they've come to me anywhere". [ ... ] 'Oh, I have to go get a pen quick'. In the middle of the night when you're trying to go to sleep and they're going around in your head, your words, and you just get up and go out and write them down".[158] O'Riordan was easily bored and couldn't rest for a week,[232] Hogan described O'Riordan's routine working on her songs late at night or overnight: "her emails were like text messages. Fifteen of them, but they're all, like, two lines, at two o'clock in the morning."[233] O'Riordan wrote songs about themes that have evolved over the course of her career, her experience taught her to never feel inhibited and always make an effort to try other things artistically.[234][235] O'Riordan stated in The Independent that she wrote about what is getting to her at the time, she said that writing lyrics was, "about the things you need to talk about, I write to get my emotions out. It's self-therapeutic".[236]

In the National Post, music producer Dan Brodbeck commented that on the first day at the studio after being hired, she played him a few chords and a piano medley, then left him alone with little guidance.[237] O'Riordan came back a few hours later and accredited his work, then she took a microphone and started singing lyrics off the top of her head; Brodbeck stated: "it was always spur-of-the-moment, gut reaction stuff".[237] Even though she no longer had a financial obligation to work, O'Riordan is quoted as someone with an insatiable appetite for music, who knew what she wanted in a song and how to deliver a text.[237] Gil Moore, owner of Metalworks Studios, described O'Riordan's "mercurial style" stated upon listening to her work when composing on piano and vocals. In addition to her musical style, Moore referred to O'Riordan as "a God-given talent, it was so quick". Moore later stated, "she was the quintessential signature style artist, a very free spirit. She was the antithesis of a formula writer. She just went her own way".[238]

O'Riordan was a mezzo-soprano, with a vocal range from B 2 to C 6.[10][101][239] She did not sing much in the 5th octave but rather in a range of vocal comfort.[240] She was familiar with the vocal belting of '90s alternative rock[101] and was also devoted to her love of falsetto.[101][241][242] Her voice was rather light without applying an uncomfortable weight, and she characteristically deployed a soft projection when she sang the lowest notes.[101][243] O'Riordan's signature singing style integrated many elements, such as the lilting voice,[10][244] mournful keening,[245] glottal ornamentation and a distinctive attack on syllables.[185] Mikael Wood of Los Angeles Times commented, "She had a high, airy tone that could turn ferocious without warning. She emphasised its breaks and curls, decorating the catchy melodies she wrote with florid vocal runs inherited from Celtic tradition."[246] O'Riordan was also renowned for her yodeling techniques, embracing the sharp break of her voice.[247][248][249] She had never compromised her strong Irish accent, even when she was criticised for that.[248][250][251] Her singing was rooted in the Sean-nós vocal style;[247] the University of Limerick wrote, "Dolores's voice carried strong traces of the Sean-nós (old style) Gaelic tradition of unaccompanied singing that so beautifully conveys sadness, regret and loneliness."[252] "Íosa", an outtake from the Cranberries' debut album, was the only song in which O'Riordan sang entirely in Irish-Gaelic, inspired by her path as a liturgical soloist.[253] Around the age of 40, the timbre of her voice changed and became more mature.[lower-alpha 5][158]

Melody Maker described O'Riordan's voice as "the voice of a saint trapped in a glass harp".[205][233][256] In 2018, O'Riordan's longtime friend, former manager and record executive, Dan Waite, called her "the strongest female voice in Rock for the past three decades".[257] In a Billboard article, Dan Weiss echoed this view and wrote that her voice was "at her best, one of the most impressive".[64] Ireland's Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said O'Riordan was "the voice of a generation".[258][259] Weiss praised O'Riordan's vocal ability, commenting: "She knew she could multiply her phrases in harmony and clever aural sculpting, which turned relatively simple and round chord progressions like "Ode to My Family" into complex waterfalls of vocalisation, and yet the jangling folk guitars buffering them were clearly armored by capital-R rock".[260]

O'Riordan performing in 2010

Noel Hogan described how O'Riordan tended to "layer a lot of harmonies, a lot of falsetto stuff" as soon as she first entered the recording studio, Xeric Studios, at the beginning of 1990.[261] O'Riordan used a Neumann U87 microphone for her vocal tracks, especially during the recording of the debut studio album Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?.[261] In an interview with Sound on Sound, in March 2019, Hogan and record producer Stephen Street described that "spontaneity was the key";[lower-alpha 6] Hogan said: "she would like to do maybe three or four takes".[261] Regarding backing vocals she would go through very quickly, he said: "cause she had an amazing ear for tuning", then she ended with her highest notes.[261] She would add additional layers of vocal inflections over the existing main vocals as she went along.[261] In South China Morning Post, Hogan described O'Riordan's voice during the recording of "Linger": We're all looking at each in the room going, 'where did that come out from?' because she was so small and tiny—you didn't expect that. And then she only grew from that point on. As the years went down, she just got better and better."[262]

O'Riordan was recognised for her raw natural voice,[263][264] Hogan corroborated this on Officialcharts, he stated: "we weren't going to start using Auto-Tune and all that shite. She would absolutely kill us",[265] speaking of the production of the band's latest album, In the End, created from demo voices recorded by O'Riordan before her death.[265] O'Riordan tended to let her breathing be heard on the albums, preferring to focus on the delivery while emphasising expressiveness and nuance rather than being perfectionist, saying "keep it natural, keep it real"—adding, "when it's too clean, when people go in and try to clean up the breath to make it sound seamless, it takes away from the reality".[20] The voice recording protocol had evolved over the years, O'Riordan was worried about "oversinging and smothering the raw emotion in her delivery", as a result, she did not come to work in studios during daylight hours with Fergal Lawler and the two Hogan brothers.[232][233] Lawler told David Browne in a 2019 Rolling Stone interview: "Dolores would come in to do the vocals and we'd have a chat. She'd have a listen to what we'd done and then we'd head off and let her do her thing. So in the evening time, you're almost looking out in the corridor to see if she's coming in."[232]

In 2006, she was one of the 10 richest women in Ireland,[301] and was reported to be the fifth-richest woman in 1999.[205][302] In 2008, she was sixth on the list of the ten richest artists in Ireland; her net worth was $66 million.[303]

On 21 January 2018, O'Riordan's funeral opened three days of mourning in Ireland.[315] Funeral plans included a service reserved for extended family and close friends.[316] A three-day funeral in her hometown, with O'Riordan lying in repose, lasted from 20 to 22 January at St Joseph's Church. In a tribute normally reserved for heads of State, thousands streamed past her open coffin, in a four-hour public reposing inside St Joseph's Church in the city.[317][318] O'Riordan, wearing dark eyeshadow, with raven hair, was laid out in an open coffin wearing black and holding a set of pearl rosary beads.[318][319] O'Riordan's songs were played, while photographs of the singer performing and one of her with Pope John Paul II were placed along the walls.[311][320] Friends left a floral tribute next to the coffin, which read: "The song has ended, but the memories linger on".[320][321]

O'Riordan was buried on 23 January after a service at Saint Ailbe's Roman Catholic Church, Ballybricken, County Limerick;[311][320] it began with the studio recording of "Ave Maria" as sung by O'Riordan and Luciano Pavarotti.[322][323] At the end of the service the Cranberries' song "When You're Gone" was played.[324][325] Among the attendees at her funeral were her mother, Eileen; her three children and their father, O'Riordan's former husband, Don Burton; her sister and brothers; all Cranberries members; O'Riordan's boyfriend Olé Koretsky; Ireland's president, Michael D. Higgins; former rugby union player Ronan O'Gara; and Bono's wife Ali Hewson.[311][322][323] O'Riordan was buried alongside her father.[311][325]

The President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, was one of the first to pay his respects.[326] The Taoiseach of Ireland, Leo Varadkar, also paid his respects to O'Riordan.[327] Also, in recognition of O'Riordan's influence, the Avett Brothers covered the Cranberries song "Linger".[328] Bono and Johnny Depp performed a tribute for O'Riordan ending the performance on "Linger", at the National Concert Hall in Dublin, Ireland, just hours after the sudden death of O'Riordan.[329] Bono, Sinéad O'Connor, Johnny Depp and Nick Cave gave Dolores O'Riordan a standing ovation at a birthday party for Shane MacGowan, singer of the Pogues.[329] On the announcement of her death on 15 January 2018, O'Riordan appeared on the huge 360° screen overhanging the Madison Square Garden floor in New York City during a New York Rangers game. A photo of this appearance was published on 17 January 2018 on Madison Square Garden's Facebook.[330]

Among those honouring O'Riordan were the Cranberries,[331] Olé Koretsky,[332] Andy Rourke (former bassist of the Smiths),[332] Stephen Street,[333] U2,[334] Duran Duran,[335] Julian Lennon,[336] Liz Phair,[337] James Corden,[335] Josh Groban,[335] Roger Bennett,[338] Hozier,[335] Foster the People,[335] Elijah Wood,[331] Chris Cornell's brother Peter,[339] Mark Lanegan,[335] Pearl Jam,[340] Bryan Adams,[331] Halsey,[341] Kodaline,[335] The The,[331] Michael Stipe and R.E.M.,[341] Dave Davies of the Kinks,[337] Adele,[334] Garbage,[340] Annie Lennox,[342] Cerys Matthews,[334] Lisa Stansfield,[334] Michelle Branch,[337] Dan Brodbeck,[343] Slash,[336] Graham Hopkins,[338] Benjamin Kowalewicz,[338] Vic Fuentes,[331] actors Luke Evans[331] and Francois Arnaud,[337] Questlove,[344] Kiesza,[335] Diplo,[335] Gao Xiaosong,[345] Colin Parry,[331] The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace,[346] Ali Hewson,[86] Adi Roche[86] and Chernobyl Children International.[86] On 29 March 2018, Mayor Stephen Keary presented the book of condolences with over 16,000 signatures to O'Riordan's mother Eileen, brothers Donal, Terry and Joe, and other family members.[347]

The Kinks guitarist Dave Davies, a close friend of O'Riordan, had planned to collaborate on songs together before she died; they had an idea for a song called "Home"—"about being home again".[208]

On the night of her death, 15 January 2018, while she was in London for a studio mixing session with Youth on D.A.R.K.'s second album, O'Riordan left a voice message—the last one she would ever leave—at 1:12 a.m. to her longtime friend, Dan Waite, who coordinated a recording session of a "Zombie" cover that he had previously given O'Riordan to listen to and accredit.[348] According to Waite, she offered "to sing on it" on Christmas Eve 2017.[349][350] TMZ published this voice message on 5 April 2018.[348] On 18 January 2018, the heavy metal band Bad Wolves released this cover of "Zombie", which charted on multiple Billboard charts.[351][352]

On 28 January 2018, the In Memoriam segment of the 60th Annual Grammy Awards honored a number of music icons, including O'Riordan.[353]

"Dreams" was played in Croke Park to the 82,000-capacity crowd on 19 August 2018, after Limerick won the Liam MacCarthy Cup in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship for the first time in 45 years.[354] The cup was later toured around Limerick and was brought by the team to O'Riordan's family home in Ballybricken.[355]

On 24 April 2019, Saint Sister, a duo from Northern Ireland, performed an a cappella rendition of the song "Dreams" by the Cranberries at the funeral in St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast[356] of Lyra McKee; McKee was killed by the New IRA on 18 April 2019.[357]

In mid-September 2018, bandmate Noel Hogan confirmed that the Cranberries band name would be retired after the release of their 2019 album, In the End.[358][359] He stated: "We don't want to continue without Dolores, so we're just going to leave after this".[358][360]

The Cranberries dominated Amazon's music digital sales in the 24 hours following O'Riordan's death announcement, with sales surging on the site by 913,350% of their album Something Else. O'Riordan's solo work Are You Listening? was ranked second. Furthermore, the Cranberries' albums dominated Amazon's ranking of physical CD and vinyl sales, along with her solo album, No Baggage, seeing an increase in sales of 200,000%. Four albums of the Cranberries reached the iTunes Top 10 Albums chart, with Stars: The Best of 1992–2002 peaking at No. 2.[361][362] The band's biggest hits, including "Linger", "Dreams" and "Zombie", ranked in the top five most-downloaded digital songs on Amazon's list, and ranked in the top 10 of the iTunes songs chart.[362][363]

• 1995: She received an MTV Europe Music Award.[395][396] "Zombie" was awarded Best Song and bested Michael Jackson's "You Are Not Alone".[396][397]
• 1995: She received a World Music Award.[398]
• 1995: She was nominated for International Group at the Brit Awards.[399][400]
• 1996: She received a Juno Award.[395][401]
• 1997: She was nominated for a Juno Award.[402]
• 1997: She received the Ivor Novello Award for International Achievement, at London's Grosvenor House.[403][404]
• 2008: She received a European Border Breakers Award.[136][405]
• 2016: She received a BMI Awards and a Special Citation of Achievement.[406][407]
• 2018: She was named the Top Female Artist of All Time in Billboard's Alternative Songs chart, encompassing soloists, group frontwomen and women in duos. On the 30th anniversary of the music chart, O'Riordan was named at the top of the 30-name list.[408][409]
• 2020: She was nominated for a posthumous 2020 Grammy Awards. The Cranberries' In the End received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Album.[410][411]

Honours

• 2009: She received the University Philosophical Society's honorary patronage of Trinity College.[137][412]
• 2019: She received an honorary Doctorate from the University of Limerick. The posthumous Honorary Doctorate of Letters was presented to Dolores's mother Eileen O'Riordan. Noel Hogan, Mike Hogan and Fergal Lawler were also honoured at the ceremony.[413][414]