Dutar

The dutar (also dotar; Persian: دوتار, romanized: dutâr; Russian: Дутар; Tajik: дутор; Uyghur: دۇتار, romanized: Dutar; Uzbek: dutor; simplified Chinese: 都塔尔; traditional Chinese: 都塔爾; pinyin: Dū tǎ ěr; Dungan: Дутар) is a traditional Iranian long-necked two-stringed lute found in Iran and Central Asia. Its name comes from the Persian word for "two strings", دوتار do tār (< دو do "two",تار tār "string"), although the Herati dutar of Afghanistan has fourteen strings. Dutar is very popular in Tajikistan and Khorasan province of Iran. When played, the strings are usually plucked by the Uyghurs of Western China and strummed and plucked by the Tajiks, Turkmen, Uzbeks. Related instruments include the Kazakh dombra. The Dutar is also an important instrument among the Kurds of Khorasan amongst whom Haj Ghorban Soleimani of Quchan was a noted virtuoso. In Kurdish one who plays the dutar is known as a bakci (bakhshi), while in Azeri the term is ashiq. Khorasan bakhshi music is recognized on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

For the Bengali folk instrument, see dotara.
Dutar
An Uzbek dutar player
Classification
Related instruments

At the time of the Dutar's humble origins in the 15th century as a shepherd's instrument its strings were made from gut. However, with the opening up of the Silk Road, catgut gave way to strings made from twisted silk imported from China. To this day some instruments still feature silk strings, although nylon strings are also commonly used.[1][2][3][4]

The dutar has a warm, dulcet tone. Typical sizes for the pear-shaped instrument range from one to two meters.

Typically it is tuned La Re or A D, but it also depends on the region.

UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
Dutar (right) with tanbur in the Horniman museum, London, UK.

Dutar making craftsmanship and traditional music performing art combined with singing from 2021 representative on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. [5][6]

Notable players
  • Front and back views of Dutar
    Haj Ghorban Soleimani (1920–2008)
  • Turgun Alimatov (1922–2008)
  • Abdurahim Hamidov (1952–2013)
  • Abdurehim Heyit (Uyghur) (1962–)
  • Sanubar Tursun (1971–)
  • Alireza Soleimani (Aliabad, Khorasan)
  • Sultan Reza Bakci (Geliani) (Khorasani)
  • Haj Mohammad Hossein Yeganeh (Khorasani)
  • Abdolghader Afzali(Khorasan, Iran)
  • Aziz Tanha (Korasan, Iran)
  • Saied Tehranizadeh
  • Abd Allah Amini (Khorasani)
  • Zolfaghar Askarian (Khorasani)
  • Gholam Ali Poor Ataa (Khorasani)
  • Aliia Gholi Yeganeh (Turkmen)
  • Osman Mohammadparast (Khaf, Iran)
  • Abdollah Alijani Ardeshir (Tehran, Iran)

See also
See also: Lute § History and evolution of the lute

References
  1. "The Shahnameh Guide To The Lutes Of Central Asia". Shahnameh.netlify.app. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  2. "Collection of stringed instruments". Instrumap.netlify.app. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  3. "The Stringed Instrument Database: D". Stringedinstrumentdatabase.aornis.com. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  4. "ATLAS of Plucked Instruments - Central Asia". Atlasofpluckedinstruments.com. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  5. Dutar making craftsmanship and traditional music performing art combined with singing
  6. Туркменистан получил официальное подтверждение ЮНЕСКО о признании общечеловеческой ценности дутара
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