Doubrava (Karviná District)

Doubravaⓘ (Polish: Dąbrowaⓘ, German: Dombrau) is a municipality and village in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.

Doubrava
Municipality
General view
General view
Flag of Doubrava
Flag
Coat of arms of Doubrava
Coat of arms
Doubrava is located in Czech Republic
Doubrava
Doubrava
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°51′31″N 18°28′49″E
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictKarviná
First mentioned1229
Area
 • Total7.78 km2 (3.00 sq mi)
Elevation
235 m (771 ft)
Population
 (2023-01-01)[1]
 • Total1,180
 • Density150/km2 (390/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
735 33
Websitewww.doubrava.cz

Etymology

The name comes from the Slavic word dúbrava, which means "oak forest".[2] Between 1920 and 1924, the municipality was named Dombrová.[3]

Geography

Doubrava is located about 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Karviná and 12 km (7 mi) east of Ostrava. It lies in the Ostrava Basin lowland in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. There are several ponds in the municipality.

History
Church of Saint Hedwig

It is not clear when the village was founded, according to historians, it could have been around 1150. The first written mention of Doubrava is in a document of Pope Gregory IX issued in 1229 among villages belonging to Benedictine abbey in Tyniec, as Dubrowa. In 1268 it was bestowed by Władysław Opolski to the newly established Orlová monastery.[2][4]

Politically it belonged then to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and Castellany of Cieszyn, which was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1573 it was sold as one of a dozen villages and the town of Freistadt and formed a state country split from the Duchy of Teschen.[5]

An important milestone in the history of the village was the discovery of coal. Mining was started in 1822 by Baron Anton Mattencloit, the then owner of Doubrava. He sold the shaft to Salomon Mayer von Rothschild in 1845, who had second mining pit dug in 1854 and christened the pits Eleonora and Bettina. After World War II, they were merged under one mine called Doubrava Mine and became part of the OKD company.[6]

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed at first to the political district of Teschen and the legal district of Freistadt, which in 1868 became an independent political district.

According to the censuses conducted in 1880–1910 the population of the municipality grew from 2,382 in 1880 to 5,660 in 1910. According to the native language, at first majority were Czech-speaking (85.6% in 1880 and 66.2% in 1890, then dropping to 19.6% in 1900 and again growing to 34.7% in 1910), later Polish-speaking (at first 12.2% in 1880, then increased to 62.8% in 1910). They were accompanied by a German-speaking minority (4% in 1890, 2.5% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (5,159 or 91.1%), followed by Protestants (354 or 6.3%) and Jews (134 or 2.4%).[7]

After World War I, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[8] The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

In 1974 Doubrava was administratively joined to the town of Orlová. Living conditions in Doubrava deteriorated during the Communist era as a result of extensive coal mining. In 1990 it once again became an independent municipality.[9]

The coal mining ended here in 2007. The tower of the Bettina coal mine was detonated in 2006, the tower of Eleonora coal mine was detonated in 2007.[10]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18691,752—    
18802,382+36.0%
18903,086+29.6%
19004,327+40.2%
19105,660+30.8%
YearPop.±%
19215,220−7.8%
19304,934−5.5%
19504,452−9.8%
19614,341−2.5%
19703,472−20.0%
YearPop.±%
19802,457−29.2%
19911,812−26.3%
20011,811−0.1%
20111,310−27.7%
20211,142−12.8%
Source: Censuses[11][12]

Sights
National House

The most important landmark is the Roman Catholic Church of Saint Hedwig. It was built in the Neoromanesque style in 1894–1898. The neighbouring rectory building also comes from 1898.[13]

The Czechoslovak Hussite church was built in 1928. It represents interwar architecture influenced by purism and constructivism.[14]

The National House is an architecturally valuable building. It was built in 1903 to serve cultural and sporting purposes.[15]

Notable people
  • Memorial to local World War I victims
    Memorial to local World War I victims
  • Detonation of the tower of Eleonora coal mine
    Detonation of the tower of Eleonora coal mine
  • Czechoslovak Hussite church
    Czechoslovak Hussite church

References
  1. "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
  2. "Vznik a název obce" (in Czech). Obec Doubrava. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  3. Hosák, Ladislav; Šrámek, Rudolf (1970). Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku I, A-L. Prague: Academia. pp. 190–191.
  4. Panic, Idzi (2015). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (PDF) (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-83-935147-8-6.
  5. Panic, Idzi (2011). Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653) [Cieszyn Silesia in the beginnings of Modern Era (1528-1653)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 226–227. ISBN 978-83-926929-5-9.
  6. "Důl Doubrava" (in Czech). Visit Karviná. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  7. Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 273, 290.
  8. "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). Katowice. nr 18/1938, poz. 35. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  9. "Nedávná minulost" (in Czech). Obec Doubrava. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  10. "Na Doubravě padne druhá těžní věž" (in Czech). OKD. 2007-11-01. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  11. "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Karviná" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 1–2.
  12. "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  13. "Doubrava, kostel sv. Hedviky" (in Czech). Noc kostelů. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  14. "Kostel Husova sboru Církve československé husitské" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  15. "Národní dům" (in Czech). Obec Doubrava. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
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