Downtempo

Downtempo (or downbeat)[4] is a broad label for electronic music that features an atmospheric sound and slower beats than would typically be found in dance music.[5] Closely related to ambient music but with greater emphasis on rhythm,[6] the style may be played in chillout clubs or as "warm-up or cool-down" music during a DJ set.[5] Examples of downtempo subgenres include trip hop, ambient house, chillwave, psybient and lo-fi hip hop.[5]

Downtempo
Other names
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid-to-late 1980s, UK
Derivative formsLo-fi hip hop, ambient house,[2] psybient, chillwave[3]
Other topics
Electronic music
Experimental forms
Popular styles
Other topics

The style emerged in the late 1980s with the UK's Bristol scene that birthed artists like Massive Attack, Portishead, and Tricky.[5] In the 1990s, the style was heard internationally in artists such as Kruder & Dorfmeister, Fila Brazillia, and Thievery Corporation.[5] Other prominent artists to emerge in the style include Boards of Canada, Nicolas Jaar, and Bonobo.[5]

Characteristics

Downtempo music is a broad genre but is united by several characteristics:

  • Atmospheric sound: artists focus more on layered sounds and mood than on catchy melodies or riffs[5]
  • Slow beats: songs typically feature beats around 90 BPM[5]
  • Gentle melodies: artists typically include more melodic phrases than straightforward ambient music[5]

History
See also: Ambient music, Chill-out music, Electronic dance music, and Trip hop

Downtempo emerged from the UK's late-1980s Bristol sound, which developed a slow, psychedelic fusion of hip hop with electronic music known as "trip hop" and birthed artists such as Massive Attack, Portishead, and Tricky.[5] The 1990s brought on a wave of slower paced music which was played throughout chillout rooms—the relaxation sections of the clubs or dedicated sections at electronic music events.[7] UK act Nightmares on Wax helped to pioneer downtempo electronica in the early 1990s, drawing on dub reggae and hip-hop.[8] Downtempo music also started to surface around Ibiza, when DJs and promoters would bring down the vibe with slower rhythm and gentler electronic music upon approaching sunrise. At the end of the 1990s a more melodic instrumental electronica incorporating acoustic sounds with electronic styles emerged under its own umbrella name of downtempo.[9]

In the late 1990s, the Austrian duo Kruder & Dorfmeister popularized the style with their downtempo remixes of pop, hip-hop, and drum and bass tracks with influences of the '70s soul jazz. Britons Steve Cobby and Dave McSherry, producing under the name Fila Brazillia, released a handful of downtempo, electronica and ambient techno albums that propelled the style further. Meanwhile, the Washington, D.C. locals Eric Hilton and Rob Garza, better known as Thievery Corporation, have introduced the Brazilian sound into the style after discussing the music of Antonio Carlos Jobim, and enriched it further by combining elements of Jamaican dub and reggae.[10]

In 2010, "downtempo pop" was described by The Atlantic as a variety of music styles from the 2000s characterized by mellow beats, vintage synthesizers, and lo-fi melodies. In other words, an umbrella term that includes chillwave, glo-fi, and hypnagogic pop.[3] Later in the decade, another form of downtempo music, tagged as "lo-fi hip hop" or "chillhop", became popular among YouTube music streamers.[11]

List of artists
Main article: List of downtempo artists

References
  1. Reighley, Kurt B. (January 2000). "Peace Orchestra". CMJ New Music Monthly. No. 77. ISSN 1074-6978.
  2. Albiez, Sean (2017). Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 11. Bloomsbury. p. 26. ISBN 9781501326103. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  3. Hinkes-Jones, Llewellyn (15 July 2010). "Downtempo Pop: When Good Music Gets a Bad Name". The Atlantic.
  4. Maier, Carla J. (2020). Transcultural Sound Practices: British Asian Dance Music as Cultural Transformation. Bloomsbury. p. Ch. 5.
  5. Staff. "Downtempo Music Guide: 5 Popular Downtempo Musical Acts". Masterclass. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  6. "Downtempo: Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  7. "A history of downtempo and chillout music". Toucanmusic. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  8. Cooper, Sean. "Nightmares on Wax - Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  9. Dalling, John (2006). "Chillout and Downtempo Electronic Music, a History". Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2007-03-26.
  10. Johnson, Martin (February 17, 2002). "Downtempo: A Genre With Plenty in Reserve". The Washington Post. p. G4. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
  11. Winkie, Luke (July 13, 2018). "How 'Lofi Hip Hop Radio to Relax/Study to' Became a YouTube Phenomenon". Vice. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  • Media related to Downtempo at Wikimedia Commons
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