List of dual-code rugby internationals

A dual-code rugby international is a rugby footballer who has played at the senior international level in both codes of rugby, 13-a-side rugby league and 15-a-side rugby union.

Rugby league started as a breakaway version of rugby in Northern England in 1895 and in New Zealand and Australia in 1908, and consequently a number of early top-class rugby league players had been star players in the rugby union code. Accordingly, a high proportion of Australia and New Zealand's dual-code rugby internationals played in rugby league's formative years in those countries.

From 1910 to 1995, dual-code internationals were infrequent and with the single exception of Karl Ifwersen, the player had always first appeared as a union international before shifting to league, due to strict bans applied by administrators in rugby union, which remained amateur, to those players who crossed to the professional code. In 1995 rugby union itself turned professional and the tide of switches began to reverse. Since then the vast majority of cross-code representatives have debuted internationally in league before moving to union where there is now a larger audience and more money available.

Backs have more often been successful at the highest level of both games than forwards – approximately 65% of the players here listed are backs, although pre-1995 many notable forwards moved from union to league. Since 1995 nearly 90% of the league to union converts who went on to play internationally have been backs.

The following is an incomplete list of dual-code internationals, listed by country.

Australia
No.[1]PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut[2]DateAtPosition
1Dally Messenger2nd RU Test v New Zealand[3]1907BrisbaneRL Test All Golds v Wales[4]1 Jan 1908AberdareCentre
2Denis Lutge[5]Inaugural RU Test v New Zealand[6]1903SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
3Doug McLean, Snr.2nd RU Test v British Lions[8]1904BrisbaneInaugural RL Test v New Zealand9 May 1908[7]SydneyWinger
4Micky DoreRU Test v New Zealand[9]1905DunedinInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyHalf-back
5John Rosewell1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
6Robert Graves[11]1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyInaugural RL Test v New Zealand[7]9 May 1908SydneyForward
7Bill Hardcastle4th RU Test v British Lions[12]1899Sydney2nd RL Test v New Zealand[7]30 May 1908BrisbaneForward
8George Watson1st RU Test V New Zealand[10]1907Sydney2nd RL Test v New Zealand[7]30 May 1908BrisbaneWinger
9Alex Burdon[13]Inaugural RU Test v New Zealand[6]1903Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]12 Dec 1908LondonForward
10Pat Walsh1st RU Test v British Lions[14]1904Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]12 Dec 1908LondonForward
11Arthur AnlezarkRU Test v New Zealand[9]1905Dunedin3rd RL Test v Great Britain[7]10 Feb 1909BirminghamHalf-back
12Charles Russell1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910[7]SydneyWinger
13Chris McKivat[15]1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Jun 1910SydneyHalf-back
14John Barnett1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910Sydney[7]Forward
15Bob CraigOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain[16]1908London1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Jun 1910SydneyForward
16Jack HickeyOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain[16]1908London1st RL Test v Great Britain18 Jun 1910SydneyCentre
17Patrick McCue1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Nov 1911NewcastleForward
18Herb Gilbert1st RU Test v New Zealand[17]1910Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]18 Nov 1911NewcastleCentre
19Peter Burge1st RU Test v New Zealand[10]1907SydneyKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
20Charles McMurtrieOlympic Final (RU) v Great Britain[16]1908LondonKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
21Bob Stuart2nd RU Test v New Zealand[18]1910SydneyKangaroo tour match (RL)1911EnglandForward
22Claud O'Donnell1st RU Test v New Zealand[19]1913Wellington1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]23 Aug 1919WellingtonHooker
23Clarrie Prentice1st RU Test v New Zealand[20]1914Sydney1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]23 Aug 1919WellingtonHooker
24Doug McLean Jr.1st RU Test v South Africa[21]1933Cape Town1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]7 Aug 1937AucklandWinger
25Trevor AllanRU Test Aust v New Zealand[22]1949WellingtonRL Other Nationalities v Wales31 Mar 1950WalesBack
26Ken Kearney[23]1st RU Test v New Zealand[24]1947Brisbane3rd RL Test v Great Britain[7]13 Dec 1952BradfordHooker
27Rex Mossop1st RU Test v New Zealand[25]1949Wellington1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]14 Jun 1958SydneyForward
28Arthur Summons[26]1st RU Test v Wales[27]1958Cardiff1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]1 Jul 1961AucklandHalf-back
29Michael ClearyRU Test v France[28]1961Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]9 Jun 1962SydneyWinger
30Jim Lisle1st RU Test v Fiji[29]1961Brisbane3rd RL Test v Great Britain[7]14 Jul 1962SydneyFive-eighth
31Dick ThornettRU Test v France1961Sydney1st RL Test v South Africa[7]20 Jul 1963BrisbaneForward
32Kevin RyanRU Test v England1958London2nd RL Test v France[7]4 Jul 1964BrisbaneForward
33Bob Honan1st RU Test v New Zealand1964Dunedin1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]1 Jun 1969AucklandBack
34Phil Hawthorne[30]3rd RU Test v New Zealand1962Wellington1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]6 Jun 1970BrisbaneFive-eighth
35John Brass[31]2nd RU Test v British Lions1966Brisbane1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]6 Jun 1970BrisbaneCentre
36Stephen Knight2nd RU Test v South Africa1969Kimberley, SARLWC v Great Britain29 Oct 1972PerpignanWinger
37Geoff Richardson1st RU Test v South Africa1971Sydney1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]15 Jun 1974BrisbaneFive-eighth
38Ray Price1st RU Test v New Zealand1974Sydney1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]24 Jun 1978SydneyForward
39Michael O'Connor1st RU Test v Argentina1979Buenos Aires1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]6 Jul 1986AucklandCentre
40Ricky StuartWallaby Argentina Tour (RU)1987Argentina1st RL Test v Great Britain27 Oct 1990London[7]Half-back
41Scott GourleyRU Test v Scotland1988Edinburgh1st RL Test v PNG[7]6 Oct 1991GorokaForward
42Andrew WalkerRL Test v PNG Team[7]1996Port Moresby1st RU Test v New Zealand25 Jul 2000SydneyBack
43Wendell Sailor1st RL Test v Great Britain[7]1994London1st RU Test v France22 Jun 2002MelbourneWinger
44Mat Rogers1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]1998Auckland1st RU Test v France22 Jun 2002MelbourneBack
45Lote Tuqiri1st RL Test v New Zealand[7]2001Wellington1st RU Test v Ireland7 Jun 2003PerthWinger
46Timana TahuRL Test v Great Britain[7]2002Sydney1st RU Test v New Zealand26 Jun 2008SydneyCentre
47Israel FolauRL Test v New Zealand2007Wellington1st RU Test v British and Irish Lions22 Jun 2013BrisbaneWinger
48Karmichael HuntRL Test v New Zealand[7]2006Brisbane1st RU Test v Fiji10 Jun 2017MelbourneCentre

England
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Anthony StarksRU Test v Wales1896BlackheathRL Test v Other Nationalities5 Apr 1904WiganForward/Prop
2George MarsdenRU Test v Wales1900GloucesterRL Test v Other Nationalities2 Jan 1905BradfordFive-eighth
3Alf WoodRU Test v France1908Colombes2nd Ashes Test v Australia16 Dec 1911EdinburghForward/Prop
4Thomas "Tommy" WoodsRU Test v Scotland1908Inverleith2nd Ashes Test v Australia16 Dec 1911EdinburghForward
5Frank BoylenRU Test v France1908Stade Colombes2nd RL Test Northern Union v Australia10 Feb 1909Villa ParkProp
6Dave HollandRU Test v Wales1912Twickenham1st RL Test GB v Australia27 Jun 1914SydneyForward
7Jim BroughRU Test v New Zealand1925TwickenhamRL Test v Wales12 Apr 1926PontypriddFullback
8Thomas HollidayRU Test v Scotland1923InverleithRL Test v Wales11 Jan 1928WiganFullback
9Thompson "Tom" DanbyRU Test v Wales1949CardiffRL Test v Wales1 Mar 1950WiganWing
10Ray FrenchRU Test v Wales1961CardiffRL Test GB v France11 Feb 1968ParisForward
11Bev Risman1st RU Test v Wales1959CardiffRLWC GB v Australia25 May 1968SydneyHalf
12Keith Fielding1st RU Test v Ireland1969Lansdowne RoadRLWC v France19 Jan 1975PerpignanWing
13Mike Coulman1st RU Test v Australia1967TwickenhamRLWC v Wales10 Jun 1975BrisbaneProp
14Keith SmithRU Test v France1974ParisRL Test v Wales16 Mar 1979WidnesCentre
15Peter Williams1st RU Test v Scotland4 Apr 1987London1st RL Test v France21 Jan 1989Central ParkFly-half/Centre
16John Bentley1st RU Test v Ireland1988Dublin1st RL Test v France8 Feb 1992PerpignanWing
17Barrie-Jon MatherRL Test v France1994CarcasonneRU Test v Wales11 Apr 1999LondonBack
18Jason Robinson1st RL Test v New Zealand1993LondonRU Test v Italy17 Feb 2001LondonBack
19Andy Farrell3rd RL Test v New Zealand1993LeedsRU Test v Scotland3 Feb 2007LondonForward
20Chris Ashton[32]RL Test v France2006LeedsRU Test v France20 Mar 2010ParisWing
21Kyle EastmondRL Test v Wales2009BridgendRU Test v Argentina8 Jun 2013Salta
22Joel TomkinsRL Test v France2010LeighRU Test v Australia2 Nov 2013Twickenhamcentre
23Sam Burgess1st RL Test v New Zealand2007HuddersfieldRU Test v France15 August 2015Twickenhamcentre

Fiji
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Kaiava SalusaluRU Test v Tonga1982SuvaRL Test v Australia12 Jul 1996NewcastleCentre
2Kaleveti NaisoroRU Test1991RL Test1994
3Fili SeruRU Test v Tonga1990Nuku A'lofaRL Test v France9 Jul 1995SuvaCentre
4Noa NadrukuRU Test v England1988SuvaRL Test v France9 Jul 1994SuvaBack
5Jioji VatubuaRU Test v Tonga1992Nuka A'lofaRLWC v South Africa8 Oct 1995Lawkholme Lane, UKBench
6Niumaia KorovataRU Test v Hong Kong1990Hong KongRLWC v England11 Oct 1995Central Park, UKBench
7Kiniviliame KoroibulekaRU game v Auckland1992RLWC v Australia14 Oct 1995Alfred McAlpine Stadium, UKBench
8Waisale VatubuaRU Test v Tonga1988Nuka A'lofaRLWC v Australia14 Oct 1995Alfred McAlpine Stadium, UKBench
9Mesake NavugonaRU Test vs Samoa1992SuvaRLWC v Australia1 Nov 2000Gateshead International StadiumBench
10Alipate NoileaRL Test vs Samoa2006PNC v Tonga13 Jun 2009Outside back
11Waisale SukanaveitaRL Test vs France2008Canberra StadiumPNC v Samoa27 Jun 2009Churchill ParkOutside Center
12Semi RadradraRLWC vs Samoa17 Nov 2013Halliwell Jones StadiumPNC v Georgia9 Jun 2018ANZ National StadiumOutside Center

France
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Jean GaliaRU Test v England1927Paris1st RL Test v England15 Apr 1934ParisForward
2Max RousiéRU Test v Scotland1931Edinburgh1st RL Test v Australia2 Jan 1938ParisBack
3Jean DaugerInaugural RL Test v Australia1938Paris1st RU Test v British Army1 Jan 1945ParisCentre
4Jean Duhau
5Jean Barthe
6Jacques Merquey
7Claude Mantoulanv Ireland1959Lansdowne Road
8Henri MarracqRU Test v Romania1961Bayonne1st RL Test v Australia8 Dec 1963BordeauxSecond-row
9Jean CapdouzeRU Test v South Africa1964Springs2nd RL Test v Australia17 Dec 1967CarcassonneFive-eighth
10Fabrice EstebanezRL Test v20051st RU Test v Fiji13 Nov 2010NantesCentre

Hong Kong

Qualifying on residency, New Zealand-born Jack Nielsen became Hong Kong's first dual-code international when the Hong Kong rugby league team played their first ever international match in November 2017.[33]

No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Jack NielsenRU Test v ? ? ?RL Test v Japan4 Nov 2017KowloonProp

Ireland
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Brian CarneyRLWC v Samoa2000BelfastRU Test v Scotland11 Aug 2007EdinburghBack

Italy
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Vincenzo BertolottoRU International v Germany1936BerlinRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganLeft-Second-row
2Giovanni BoninoRU International v France XV1949Stade Vélodrome, MarseilleRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganLoose forward/Lock
3Angelo ArrigoniRU International v Czechoslovakia1949Strahov Stadium, PragueRL Tour Match v Wigan26 Aug 1950WiganCentre
4Gert PeensRU Test v Wales2002CardiffRL Test vs Serbia9 Jun 2012BelgradeWing
5Mirco BergamascoRU Test v France2002Saint-DenisRLWCQ v Serbia22 Oct 2016BelgradeCentre

Germany
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1James KeinhorstRU Test v ? ? ?RL Test v ? ? ?Fullback
2Michael KerrRU Test v ? ? ?RL Test v ? ? ?Flanker

Malta
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Jarrod SammutRL Test v Lebanon2006SydneyRU Test v Croatia8 Oct 2008MarsaBack
2Matt JarrettRU Test≤2009[34] ?RL Test vs Lebanon[35]6 May 2017Sydney

New Zealand

There have been 36 New Zealand dual-code internationals. Only four people became dual-code internationals after first representing New Zealand in rugby league: Karl Ifwersen, Sonny Bill Williams, Matt Duffie and Roger Tuivasa-Sheck.

No.[1]PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut[2]DateAtPosition
1Thomas CrossRU Test v British Lions[36]1904WellingtonRL Test All Golds v Wales[37]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
2Edgar WrigleyRU Test v Australia[38]1905DunedinRL Test All Golds v Wales[37]1 Jan 1908AberdareFive-eighth
3Herbert TurtillRU Test v Australia[39][40]1905DunedinRL Test All Golds v Wales[37][39]1 Jan 1908AberdareFullback
4Massa JohnstonRU Test Originals tour match[41]1905BritainRL Test All Golds v Wales[37][41]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
5William MackrellRU Test v France[4]1906ParisRL Test All Golds v Wales[4]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
6George SmithRU Test v Scotland[42]1905InverleithRL Test All Golds v Northern Union[42]25 Jan 1908HeadingleyCentre
7Duncan McGregorRU Test v Australia[43]1903SydneyRL All Golds tour[43]1908Britain & AustWing
8Eric WatkinsRU Test v Australia[44]1905DunedinRL All Golds tour[44]1908Britain & AustForward
9John SpencerRU Test v Australia[45]1905DunedinRL 1st Test v Australia[45]12 Jun 1909SydneyForward
11Albert AsherRU Test v Australia[46][6]1903SydneyRL Int'l Australasia v GB[46]9 Jul 1910SydneyWinger
12Ned HughesRU Test v Australia[47]1907SydneyRL Test v Great Britain[48]30 Jul 1910AucklandHooker
13George A. GillettRU Test v Scotland[49]1905EdinburghRL Kiwis tour match[49]1911AustraliaFullback
14Billy MitchellRU Test v Australia[50]1910SydneyRL Kiwis tour match[50]1911AustraliaWing
15Arthur FrancisRU Test v Australia[51]1905DunedinRL Kiwis tour match[51]1911AustraliaForward
16Harold HaywardRU Test v British Lions[52]1908AucklandRL Kiwis tour match[52]1912AustraliaFlanker
17Dave EvansRU Test v Australia1910SydneyRL Kiwis tour match1912AustraliaFlanker
18Dougie McGregorRU Test v Australia[52]1913Wellington[53]RL 3rd Test v Australia[52]6 Sep 1919AucklandWinger
19Karl IfwersenRL Test v Australia1913AucklandRU Test v South Africa[54]17 Sep 1921Wellington2nd 5/8
20Jim O'BrienRU international[55] v New South Wales1922SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[56]2 Aug 1924WellingtonForward
21Charles FitzgeraldRU international[55] v New South Wales1922SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[56]2 Aug 1924WellingtonCentre
22Lou PetersenRU international[55] v New South Wales[52]1921ChristchurchRL 2nd Test v Great Britain[57]6 Aug 1924WellingtonForward
23Alphonsus CarrollRU international[55] v New South Wales[58]1920SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[59]2 Oct 1926WiganHooker
24Bert CookeRU international[55] v New South Wales1924SydneyRL 1st Test v Great Britain[60]30 Jul 1932AucklandCentre
25Herb LilburneRU Test v South Africa[61]1928Port ElizabethRL 2nd Test v Australia[7]2 Oct 1935AucklandWinger
26George NēpiaRU Test v Ireland1924EdinburghRL 2nd Test v Australia14 Aug 1937AucklandFullback
27Hawea MatairaRU Test v Australia[62]1934SydneyRL Kiwi tour match[62]1939BritainForward
28Jimmy HaigRU Test v Australia[63]1946DunedinRL Test v England[64]20 Dec 1947BradfordHalfback
29Kurt SherlockRU New Zealand tour match[65]1985ArgentinaRL 3rd Test v Australia[66]23 Jul 1989AucklandBack
30Frano BoticaRU Test v France1986ChristchurchRL 1st Test v Australia3 Jul 1991MelbourneFullback
31John TimuRU 1st Test v Argentina1991Buenos AiresRL 1st Test v Australia7 Jul 1995SydneyCentre
32Marc EllisRU Test v Scotland1993EdinburghRL 1st Test v Great Britain9 May 1996AucklandBack
33Craig InnesRU Test v Wales1989CardiffRL Rest of the World v Australia11 Jul 1997BrisbaneBack
34Sonny Bill WilliamsRL Anzac Test v Australia2004NewcastleRU Test v England6 Nov 2010TwickenhamCentre
35Matt DuffieRL Anzac Test v Australia2011Gold CoastRU Game v Barbarians FC30 Nov 2019CardiffBack
36Roger Tuivasa-SheckRLWC v Samoa2013WarringtonRU Test v Ireland16 July 2022WellingtonBack

All Golds
Main article: 1907-1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain

The 1907 Professional All Blacks (derisively referred to by the New Zealand press as the All Golds) left New Zealand in August 1907 for their ground-breaking tour of Britain via Sydney. The squad contained eight former All Blacks in George Smith, Thomas Cross, William Mackrell, Herbert Turtill, Duncan McGregor, Eric Watkins, Massa Johnston and Edgar Wrigley. These men became New Zealand's first dual-code internationals at the point they first played on the ten-month tour.

The three matches in Sydney between 17 and 24 August against professional New South Wales rugby rebels were played under rugby union rules so do not qualify as international rugby league appearances. But full internationals under "Northern Union" (rugby league) rules were played against Wales in Aberdare on 1 Januard 1908 and three Tests against Great Britain in Leeds on 25 January 1907, Chelsea on 8 February 1907 and Cheltenham on 15 February 1908. Three Test matches were played in Australia on the homeward leg before the All Golds arrived home in June 1908 having played 48 games (tour matches and Tests) as internationals.


Poland
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Tomasz PozniakRU v The Netherlands[67]29 Feb 2020AmsterdamRL v Norway[68]12 Nov 2022LondonWing

Samoa
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Earl Va'aRWC v Japan1996WrexhamRL Pacific Cup v FijiNov 1994SuvaHalf-back
2Apollo PereliniRWC v Wales1991CardiffRLWC v France12 Oct 1995CardiffForward

Scotland
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Alex LaidlawRU Test v Ireland[69]1897EdinburghRL Test Other Nationalities v England1905 or 1906Bradford or WiganForward
2Roy KinnearBritish Lions v South Africa[70]1924DurbanRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia5 Oct 1929HullCentre
3Dave ValentineRU Five Nations v Ireland[71]1947EdinburghRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia9 Oct 1948LeedsForward
4David RoseRU Test v France[72]1951ColombesRLWC Great Britain v Australia13 Nov 1954ParisThree-quarter
5Alan TaitRWC v France[73]1987ChristchurchRLWC Final Great Britain v Australia24 Oct 1992LondonBack
6Andy CraigRL Test v Wales1999GlasgowRU Test v Canada[74]15 Jun 2002VancouverCentre

South Africa
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Alan SkeneRU Test v France1958Ellis Park StadiumRL Test v Australia20 Jul 1963Lang ParkCentre, Centre
2Colin GreenwoodRU Test v Ireland1961Newlands StadiumRL Test v Australia20 Jul 1963Lang ParkCentre, Stand-off/Five-eighth
3Gary BothaRL Test v British Amateur Rugby League Association1999RU Test v Australia2005Loftus Versfeld

Tonga
No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Asa AmoneRugby World Cup1987Ballymore, BrisbaneRLWC1995Wilderspool Stadium, WarringtonFly-half
2Tevita VaikonaRLWC v New Zealand1995WarringtonRU PNC v Japan4 Jun 2006FukuokaWing
3Salesi FinauRLWC1995Warrington1998TongaWing
4Eddie PaeaRLWC vs Samoa2008SydneyRU Test vs United States8 Jun 2011SurreyHooker
5Taniela Moa2011 RLWC2011Halfback

United States
No.PlayerTest debut[2]YearAtCross-code debut[2]DateAtPosition
1David NiuRL Test v ? ?RU Test v ? ?
2Leonard PetersRU Test v ? ?RL Test v ? ?
3Luke HumeRL Test v ? ?RU Test v Canada9 Jun 2012Kingston

Wales

With 99, Wales have more than twice the number of dual-code rugby internationals than any other country.

No.PlayerInt'l DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Jack RhappsRU Test v England1897NewportRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Apr 1904WiganForward
2David JonesRU Test v England1902LondonRL Test v New Zealand All Golds[75]1 Jan 1908AberdareForward
3Billy O'NeillRU Test v Scotland1904SwanseaRL Test v England28 Dec 1908BroughtonForward
4William DowellRU Test v England1907SwanseaRL Test v England28 Dec 1908BroughtonForward
5Jake BlackmoreRU Test v England1909CardiffRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
6Ben GronowRU Test v France1910SwanseaRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
7Ernie JenkinsRU Test v England1910CardiffRL Test v England10 Dec 1910CoventryForward
8Joseph PugsleyRU Test v Scotland1910LondonRL Test v Australia7 Oct 1911Ebbw ValeForward
9William EvansRU Test v Ireland1911CardiffRL Test v England20 Jan 1912OldhamForward
10Percy ColdrickRU Test v England1911SwanseaRL Test v England15 Feb 1913PlymouthForward
11Gus MerryRU Test v Ireland1912BelfastRL Test v England15 Feb 1913PlymouthForward
12William DaviesRU Test v Scotland1912SwanseaRL Test v England14 Apr 1914SwanseaBack
13Rees RichardsRU Test v Scotland1913InverleithRL Test v England14 Apr 1914SwanseaForward
14Bobby LloydRU Test v Scotland1913InverleithRL Test Great Britain v Australia3 Jul 1920SydneyHalf-back
15Brinley WilliamsRU Test v Scotland1920InverleithRL Test v England19 Jan 1921LeedsBack
16Ike FowlerRU Test v New Zealand Army XV1919SwanseaRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Feb 1921WorkingtonBack
17Wick PowellRU Test v England1920SwanseaRL Test Other Nationalities v England5 Feb 1921WorkingtonBack
18Edgar MorganRU Test v Ireland1920CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Australia1 Oct 1921LeedsForward
19George OliverRU Test v England1920SwanseaRL Test v Australia10 Dec 1921PontypriddForward
20Frank EvansRU Test v Scotland1921SwanseaRL Test v Australia10 Dec 1921PontypriddBack
21Jerry SheaRU Test v New Zealand Army XV1919SwanseaRL Test v England11 Dec 1922LondonBack
22Wilfred HodderRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test Wales v England11 Dec 1922LondonForward
23Dai EdwardsRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test v England7 Feb 1923WiganForward
24Joe ThompsonRU Test v England1923LondonRL Test v England1 Oct 1923HuddersfieldForward
25Johnny RingRU Test v England1921LondonRL Test Great Britain v Australia23 Jun 1924SydneyBack
26Ambrose BakerRU Test v Ireland1921BelfastRL Test v England7 Feb 1925WorkingtonForward
27Mel RosserRU Test v Scotland1924InverleithRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
28Joseph JonesRU Test v France1924ParisRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
29Bryn PhillipsRU Test v England1925LondonRL Test v England12 Apr 1926PontypriddBack
30Jack GoreRU Test v Ireland1924CardiffRL Test v New Zealand4 Dec 1926PontypriddForward
31David Morgan JenkinsRU Test v England1926CardiffRL Test v England26 Apr 1927BroughtonForward
32Emlyn WatkinsRU Test v Scotland1926EdinburghRL Test v England6 Apr 1927SalfordForward
33David JenkinsRU Test v Australia1927CardiffRL Test v England6 Apr 1927SalfordForward
34Candy EvansRU Test v England1924SwanseaRL Test v England14 Nov 1928CardiffForward
35Edwin WilliamsRU Test v New Zealand1924SwanseaRL Test v England14 Nov 1928CardiffHalf-back
36Tommy ReesRU Test v Ireland1926SwanseaRL Test Great Britain v Australia5 Oct 1929HullBack
37Billy WilliamsRU Test v England1927LondonRL Test Great Britain v Australia15 Jan 1930RochdaleForward
38Gwyn DaviesRU Test v France1928ParisRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordBack
39Trevor 'Ocker' ThomasRU Test v England1930CardiffRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordForward
40Norman FenderRU Test v Ireland1930SwanseaRL Test v England27 Jan 1932SalfordForward
41Dicky RalphRU Test v France1931SwanseaRL Test v Australia30 Dec 1933WembleyHalf-back
42Iorrie IsaacsRU Test v England1933LondonRL Test v Australia30 Dec 1933WembleyForward
43Lewis ReesRU Test v Ireland1933BelfastRL Test v France1 Jan 1935BordeauxForward
44Gomer HughesRU Test v England1934CardiffRL Test v France1 Jan 1935WiganForward
45Con MurphyRU Test v England1935SwanseaRL Test v England1 Jan 1935BordeauxForward
46Bert DayRU Test v Scotland1930EdinburghRL Test v England10 Apr 1935LiverpoolForward
47Tommy ScourfieldRU Test v France1930ParisRL Test v England10 Apr 1935LiverpoolBack
48Jack MorleyRU Test v England1929LondonRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia19 Jun 1936SydneyBack
49Dai ProsserRU Test v Scotland1934MurrayfieldRL Test v England7 Nov 1936PontypriddForward
50Harold ThomasRU Test v England1936SwanseaRL Test v England5 Nov 1938LlanelliForward
51Arthur BassettRU Test v Ireland1934SwanseaRL Test v England23 Dec 1939OdsalBack
52Syd WilliamsRU Test v England1939LondonRL Test v England9 Nov 1940OldhamBack
53Eddie WatkinsRU Test v New Zealand1935CardiffRL Test v England18 Oct 1941BradfordForward
54Emrys EvansRU Test v England1937LondonRL Test v England10 Mar 1945WiganForward
55Idwal DaviesRU Test v England1939LondonRL Test v England10 Mar 1945WiganBack
56Willie DaviesRU Test v Ireland1936CardiffRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand1 Aug 1946AucklandHalf-back
57George ParsonsRU Test v England1947CardiffRL Test v Australia20 Nov 1948SwanseaForward
58Leslie WilliamsRU Test v England1947CardiffRL Test v England22 Oct 1949WiganBack
59Terence CookRU Test v Scotland1949EdinburghRL Test v Other Nationalities31 Mar 1951SwanseaBack
60Ray CaleRU Test v England1949CardiffRL Test v Other Nationalities1 Dec 1951SwanseaForward
61Lewis JonesRU Test v England1950LondonRL Test v France13 Dec 1953MarseilleBack
62Garfield OwenRU Test v Ireland1955CardiffRL Test v France1 Mar 1959ToulouseBack
63Colin EvansRU Test v England1960LondonRL Test v England17 Feb 1963ToulouseHalf-back
64John MantleRU Test v England1964LondonRL Test Great Britain v France16 Jan 1966PerpignanForward
65Malcolm PriceRU Test v England1959CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Australia21 Oct 1967LeedsBack
66John WarlowRU Test v England1962CardiffRL Test Great Britain v France2 Jun 1968AucklandForward
67Kel CoslettRU Test v England1962LondonRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
68David WatkinsRU Test v England1963CardiffRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
69Terry PriceRU Test v England1965CardiffRL Test v England7 Nov 1968SalfordBack
70Maurice RichardsRU Test v Ireland1968Lansdowne RoadRL Test v France23 Oct 1969SalfordBack
71Keith JarrettRU Test v England1967CardiffRL Test vs France25 Jan 1970PerpignanBack
72Keri JonesRU Test v New Zealand1967CardiffRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand31 Oct 1970SwintonBack
73Roy MathiasRU Test v France1970CardiffRL Test v England2 Mar 1975ToulouseBack
74Bobby WanbonRU Test v England1968LondonRL Test v England10 Jun 1975BrisbaneForward
75Stuart GallacherRU Test v France1970CardiffRL Test v New Zealand2 Nov 1975SwanseaForward
76John BevanRU Test v England1971CardiffRL 1st Test Great Britain v Australia15 Jun 1974BrisbaneBack
77Glyn ShawRU Test v New Zealand1972CardiffRL Test v France15 Jan 1978WidnesForward
78Clive GriffithsRU Test v England1979CardiffRL Test v France26 Jan 1980WidnesBack
79Tommy DavidRU Test v France1973ParisRL match v England8 Nov 1981CardiffBack
80Steve FenwickRU Test v France1975ParisRL match v England8 Nov 1981CardiffBack
81Paul RingerRU Test v New Zealand1978CardiffRL Test v England8 Nov 1981CardiffForward
82Brynmor WilliamsRU Test British Lions v New Zealand1977WellingtonRL Test v England24 Oct 1982CardiffHalf-back
83David BishopRU Test v Australia1984CardiffRL Test Great Britain v France7 Apr 1990LeedsHalf-back
84Jonathan DaviesRU Test v England1985CardiffRL Test Great Britain v Papua New Guinea27 May 1990GorokaCentre
85Robert AckermanRU Test v New Zealand1980CardiffRL Test v Papua New Guinea17 Oct 1991SwanseaBack
86Gary PearceRU Test v Ireland1981CardiffRL Test v Papua New Guinea17 Oct 1991SwanseaHalf-back
87Paul MoriartyRU Test v Ireland1986DublinRLWC Great Britain v Papua New Guinea9 Nov 1991WiganForward
88Anthony SullivanRLWC Great Britain v Papua New Guinea1991WiganRU v Argentina10 Nov 2001CardiffBack
89John DevereuxRU Test v England1986LondonRL Test Great Britain v France16 Feb 1992PerpignanWing
90Mark JonesRU Test v Scotland1987EdinburghRL Test Great Britain v France16 Feb 1992PerpignanForward
91Allan BatemanRU Test v Scotland1990CardiffRLWC Great Britain v France7 Mar 1992HullCentre
92Richard WebsterRU Test v Australia1987RotoruaRL Test v France4 Mar 1994CardiffForward
93Dai YoungRWC Qtr-final v England1987BrisbaneRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
94Adrian HadleyRU Test v Romania1983BucharestRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffBack
95Rowland PhillipsRU Test v USA1987CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
96Scott GibbsRU Test v England1991CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffBack
97Scott QuinnellRU Test v Canada1993CardiffRLWC v France9 Oct 1995CardiffForward
98Iestyn HarrisRLWC v France1995CardiffRU v Argentina10 Nov 2001CardiffBack
99Gareth ThomasRUWC v Japan1995BloemfonteinRL Test v Italy6 Oct 2010WrexhamBack

More than one country
No.PlayerInternational DebutYearAtCross Code DebutDateAtPosition
1Dally Messenger2nd RU Test Australia v New Zealand1907BrisbaneRL New Zealand v Wales1 Jan 1908AberdareCentre
2Frederick Stanley JacksonRU British Lions tour of Australasia1908RL New Zealand v Great Britain1910AucklandBack
3Thomas WoodsRU England v Scotland1920London1st RL Test Wales v Australia10 Dec 1921Taff Vale Park, PontypriddForward/Second-row
4Peter WilliamsRU England v Scotland1987London1st RL Test Wales v France13 Dec 1992Stade Gilbert Brutus, PerpignanFly-half/Interchange/Substitute
5Emosi KolotoRU Test Tonga v Wales1986Nuku A'lofaRL New Zealand v ?1991Forward
6John SchusterRU Test New Zealand v Australia1988SydneyRL Western Samoa v France5 Sep 1995CardiffBack
7Va'aiga TuigamalaRWC New Zealand v USA1991GloucesterRLWC Western Samoa v France12 Oct 1995CardiffBack
8Ian NobleRU Test Zimbabwe v Wales1993BulawayoRLWC South Africa v Papua New Guinea2 Nov 2000ToulouseBack
9Henry PaulRL Test New Zealand v France1995AucklandRU England v France2 Mar 2002Saint-DenisBack
10Michael HorakRL South Africa v ?1997?RU England v Argentina22 Jun 2002Buenos AiresBack
11Lote TuqiriRLWC Fiji v Russia20001st RU Test Australia v Ireland7 Jun 2003PerthWinger
12Coenraad BreytenbachRLWC South Africa v Tonga2000RU Russia v Georgia2002Centre
13Brad ThornRL (SL) Test Australia v New Zealand[7]1997SydneyRU New Zealand v Wales21 Jun 2003HamiltonForward
14Maurie Fa'asavaluRugby Union Samoa v South Africa2002PretoriaRL Test Great Britain v New Zealand27 Oct 2007HuddersfieldForward
15Lesley VainikoloRL ANZAC Test New Zealand v Australia[7]1999SydneyRU England v Wales2 Feb 2008LondonWing
16Craig GowerRL (SL) Test Australia v New Zealand[7]1997SydneyRU Test Italy v Australia13 Jun 2009Canberra StadiumFly-half / five-eighth
17Shontayne HapeRL Tri-Nations Test New Zealand v Great Britain2004HullRU Test England v Australia12 Jun 2010PerthBack
18Tasesa LaveaRL ANZAC Test New Zealand v Australia2000 ?RU Samoa v Ireland13 Nov 2010DublinBack
19Cooper VunaRLWC Tonga v Ireland2008ParramattaRU Test Australia v Wales9 Jun 2012BrisbaneBack
20Craig WingRL Test Australia v New Zealand2002WellingtonRU Japan v UAE10 May 2013DubaiUtility/Back
21Ben Te'oRLWC Samoa vs France2008SydneyRU England vs South Africa12 Nov 2016TwickenhamCentre
22Marika KoroibeteRLWC Fiji v Ireland2013Rochdale1st RU Test Australia v Argentina16 Sep 2017CanberraWinger

Dally Messenger

Main article: Dally Messenger

Messenger played for Australia in rugby union, and for both New Zealand and Australia in rugby league. One week after his final Test appearance as a Wallaby, Messenger, who was born in Australia, toured Great Britain at the invitation of the New Zealand All Golds in 1907. He made his international rugby league debut on that tour representing New Zealand. His Australian international Test debut was made in Sydney in Australia's inaugural rugby league Test v the Kiwis on 9 May 1908. He made six further international rugby league appearances for Australia.

Emosi Koloto

Main article: Emosi Koloto

Koloto grew up in New Zealand playing rugby union and represented Tonga in the code before switching to league and moving to England. He was called up into the Kiwis in 1991 from the Widnes club and played five tests that year.

John Schuster

Main article: John Schuster

Schuster first played rugby union, representing both Samoa and New Zealand. Later he switched to rugby league and captained Western Samoa in two pool games at the 1995 World Cup.

Henry Paul

Main article: Henry Paul

Paul was born in New Zealand. His senior club rugby league career was played in England but between 1995 and 2001 he regularly returned to New Zealand to make international appearances for the Kiwis. When he switched to union in 2002 he became eligible to represent England by ancestry of his grandfather and he did so in 2002.

Brad Thorn

Main article: Brad Thorn

Thorn was born in Mosgiel, New Zealand. From age eight he played rugby league in Queensland and aged twenty-two he played for Australia during the Super League split year. When the code reunited in 1998 he also played for Australia.

In 2001 he moved to New Zealand and switched to rugby union. He appeared in twelve Tests for New Zealand (the All Blacks) from 2003. For 2005–06 he returned to the National Rugby League in Australia, winning a premiership with the Brisbane Broncos and playing at state level again. In 2008 he switched to rugby union for a second time and was again selected for the All Blacks.

Michael Horak

Main article: Michael Horak

Horak was born in South Africa and represented South Africa in rugby league. He switched to rugby union in 1998 moving to England to play with the Leicester Tigers. He qualifies to represent England via his English mother and did so in 2002.

Lesley Vainikolo

Main article: Lesley Vainikolo

Vainikolo was born in Tonga but raised in New Zealand playing rugby league at school. His league club career was played with the Canberra Raiders in Australia and the Bradford Bulls in England. During that period he made twelve national representative appearances for New Zealand (the Kiwis).

He took up rugby union with Gloucester Rugby in 2007. He was eligible to play for Tonga by birth, New Zealand by parentage or England by residence. He had previously declined to play for Tonga in the 2007 Rugby World Cup so that he could play for his adopted nation. He made his international rugby union debut for England v Wales in February 2008 and played in five tests that season.

Craig Gower

Main article: Craig Gower

After a successful eleven year Australian rugby league career from 1996 to 2007 with the Penrith Panthers, during which he made five State of Origin appearances for New South Wales and twenty-three Test appearances for Australia (5 for the Super League team and 18 for the ARL team), Gower moved to Europe, switched codes and signed with French rugby union side Bayonne from 2008. He is eligible to play for Italy through his Italian grandfather. He was selected for Italy on their mid-season tour of Australia and New Zealand in 2009.

Shontayne Hape

Main article: Shontayne Hape

Hape, a New Zealand Mãori, had a very successful rugby league career in both hemispheres, first with the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL (1999–2002) and then with the Bradford Bulls in the Super League (2003–2008). He made his Test debut for New Zealand in the 2004 Tri-Nations, and eventually appeared in 14 Tests for New Zealand. Hape switched codes in 2008, signing with Bath, for whom he still plays. Under IRB rules, he was already eligible to represent England on residency grounds, having lived there for well over the three years required to qualify. Hape made his union Test debut for England in 2010 against Australia.

Maurie Fa'asavalu

Main article: Maurie Fa'asavalu

Maurie Fa'asavalu is a Samoan rugby union player who formerly played rugby league for St Helens. He was picked in the Great Britain rugby league squad after living in England for 4 years. He also played for England in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup

Bill Hardcastle

Main article: Bill Hardcastle

A New Zealander and an 1897 All Black, Hardcastle journeyed to Sydney in 1899 on hearing that the visiting British rugby union team would be not be travelling to New Zealand. Australian rugby in those days had no residential rules and once he joined Sydney's Glebe RU club he qualified for Australian national selection. He was chosen for Australia in the fourth test of 1899 against Great Britain.

In rugby league he made two Test appearances for Australia and six minor appearances on the 1908 Kangaroo tour.

Va'aiga Tuigamala

Main article: Va'aiga Tuigamala

Tuigamala was nicknamed 'Inga the Winger' and initially represented New Zealand in rugby union. He then switched codes, joining Wigan in 1993. While playing league he represented Western Samoa at the 1995 World Cup. When rugby union turned professional he returned to his original code. Between 1996 and 2000 he represented Samoa in rugby union.

Lote Tuqiri

Main article: Lote Tuqiri (rugby, born 1979)

Born in Fiji, Tuqiri was a junior Australian rugby league international at age 19 in 1998. When he missed selection for Australia's 2000 Rugby League World Cup squad he opted to play for Fiji and captained the side in their three pool match appearances. He later played four rugby league Tests for Australia in 2001 before his 2003 switch to union and a long international representative career in that code.

Fred Jackson

Main article: Frederick Stanley Jackson

Jackson toured Australasia with the 1908 Anglo-Welsh Lions. However, during the tour he was accused of professionalism and recalled to England by the Rugby Football Union. Jackson left the touring party but failed to return to England to face the accusations. In 1910 Jackson played rugby league in New Zealand and represented both Auckland and New Zealand against the touring Great Britain side.

First dual-code rugby international

England's Anthony Starks and Wales' Jack Rhapps took the field in the inaugural rugby league international of 5 April 1904 between England and Other Nationalities[76] Starks had made two rugby union Test appearances for England in 1896, and Rhapps had made a single rugby union Test appearance for Wales in 1897, and thus in April 1904 they became the world's first dual rugby code internationals.

The first tour matches played by the New Zealand All Golds in Britain in Nov & Dec 1907 would have seen international cross-code debuts by some of the seven touring former All Blacks. At this stage of the tour the New Zealanders were still familiarising themselves with the new Northern Union rules which they had not seen until they arrived in Leeds in October.[77] The first full international of the tour against Wales on New Year's Day 1908 saw confirmed appearances by Mackrell,[4] Turtill, Wrigley, Johnston & Cross[37] for New Zealand and David Jones[75] for Wales. Thus New Zealand's first five dual-code rugby internationals all achieved that feat in the same match.[37]

Other firsts and lasts
  • First man to debut in rugby league before debuting in union – Karl Ifwersen Sep 1921[54]
  • Last man to debut in rugby league before debuting in rugby union – Marika Koroibete, October 2013
  • Last man to debut in rugby union before debuting in rugby league – Tomasz Pozniak for Poland in February 2020, and before that Mirco Bergamasco, October 2016
  • Most recent dual rugby code international – Tomasz Pozniak for Poland, November 2022, and before that Marika Koroibete, September 2017

Dual-code internationals who also represented in a third sport

Michael Cleary represented Australia in track & field at the Commonwealth Games making him an international at the senior level in three sports. Dick Thornett achieved the same distinction having also represented for Australia in water polo at the 1960 Rome Olympics. Dai Bishop represented Wales in British Baseball.

See also

Footnotes
  1. Where two players made a simultaneous cross-code debut, ranking is by chronology of the initial international debut.
  2. Tour match international debut shown only where it was the player's highest international appearance; otherwise Test debuts shown. For players who made their cross-code international debut in a tour match but then later appeared in a Test match, this delays the recognition of their DCI status in this listing
  3. "Herbert Henry Messenger". ESPNscrum.
  4. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=521
  5. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p16
  6. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  7. Andrews pp19-49
  8. "James Douglas McLean". ESPNscrum.
  9. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  10. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  11. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p34
  12. Hardcastle had earlier debuted for New Zealand v N.S.W in Sydney in 1897.
  13. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p20
  14. "Patrick Bernard Walsh". ESPNscrum.
  15. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p42
  16. "Rugby results for the 1908 Summer Olympics". Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  17. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  18. "Robert Stuart". ESPNscrum.
  19. "Claude Augustus O'Donnell". ESPNscrum.
  20. "Clarence Warwick Prentice". ESPNscrum.
  21. "Alexander Douglas McLean". ESPNscrum.
  22. "Trevor Allan". ESPNscrum.
  23. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p160
  24. "Kenneth Howard Kearney". ESPNscrum.
  25. "Rex Peers Mossop". ESPNscrum.
  26. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p202
  27. "Arthur James Summons". ESPNscrum.
  28. "Michael Arthur Cleary". ESPNscrum.
  29. "Ronald James Lisle". ESPNscrum.
  30. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p244
  31. Whitaker (Captaining The Kangaroos) p280
  32. "Chris Ashton England Statistics at englandrl.co.uk". englandrl.co.uk. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  33. "Hong Kong squad announced for first ever international test match". Hong Kong Rugby League. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  34. Gardiner, James (17 June 2009). "Matt Jarrett proves pivotal in reigniting Blacks". The Herald. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  35. "Flick Passes: Maltese league representative; national schoolboys competition; Jake Finn update; Central's "Pink Test"". The Herald. 10 May 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  36. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=190
  37. Shawn Dollin. "Wales vs New Zealand 1908". Archived from the original on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  38. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=990
  39. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=904
  40. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 9 August 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Turtill's All Gold appearances
  41. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=438
  42. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=805
  43. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=568
  44. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=927
  45. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=825
  46. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=23
  47. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=409
  48. "New Zealand vs England 1910 - Rugby League Project".
  49. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=314
  50. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=623
  51. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=287
  52. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=370
  53. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  54. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=417
  55. The ARU since 1986 have considered these matches as Test matches, the NZRU does not.
  56. "New Zealand vs England 1924 Series - Game 1 - Rugby League Project".
  57. "New Zealand vs England 1924 Series - Game 2 - Rugby League Project".
  58. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=133
  59. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/New_Zealand_vs_England_1926/Game_1/England-vs-New_Zealand.html
  60. "New Zealand vs England 1932 Series - Game 1 - Rugby League Project".
  61. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=494
  62. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=539
  63. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=349
  64. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/England_vs_New_Zealand_1932/Game_3/England-vs-New_Zealand.html
  65. http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/profile.asp?ABID=789
  66. "New Zealand vs Australia 1989 Series - Game 3 - Rugby League Project".
  67. "Rugby Europe Trophy, Netherlands v Poland 29 February 2020". Rugby Europe. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  68. "Match report Poland v Norway Men's International 12 November 2022". europeanrugbyleague.com. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  69. "Alexander Smith Laidlaw". ESPNscrum.
  70. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  71. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  72. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  73. "Alan Victor Tait". ESPNscrum.
  74. "Rugby Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN". ESPNscrum.
  75. Brendan Gallagher (2 January 2008). "A real pro - 100 years ago". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
  76. England: W.B. Little (Halifax), full back; F. Spottiswoode (Oldham), G. Dickenson (Warrington), J. Lomas (Salford), J. Fish (Warrington), threequarters; J. Baxter (Rochdale Hornets), J. Morely (Halifax), half backs; A. Starks [c] (Hull K.R.), P. Tunney (Salford), J. Riley (Halifax), J.W. Bulmer (Halifax), J. Ferguson (Oldham), forwards. Other Nationalities: D. Smith (Salford), full back; D. Thomas (Salford), T.D. Llewellyn (Leeds), D. Harris (Wigan), D.J. Lewis (Oldham), threequarters; E. Davies (Wigan), P.J. Brady (Huddersfield), half backs; J. Rhapps (Salford), J.G. Moffatt (Leeds), G. Frater [c] (Oldham), D. Thomas (Oldham), H. Buckler (Salford), forwards
  77. http://www.newzealandatoz.com/index.php?pageid=826&All+Golds+Rugby+League+Team&PHPSESSID=864 All Golds Tour on New Zealand AtoZ.com

References
  • Whiticker, Alan (2004) Captaining the Kangaroos, New Holland, Sydney
  • Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
  • Andrews, Malcolm (2006) The ABC of Rugby League Austn Broadcasting Corpn, Sydney
  • Pollard, Jack (1984) Australian Rugby Union: The Game and the Players Angus and Robertson Publishing
  • Fagan, Sean (2000–2006) http://www.rl1908.com

Further reading
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