List of monarchs of Luxembourg

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Wenceslaus I	25 February 1337	7 December 1383	13 March 1354 – 7 December 1383	himself as count
	Wenceslas II the Lazy	26 February 1361	16 August 1419	7 December 1383 – 1388	his nephew
	Jobst	December 1351	18 January 1411	1388 – 18 January 1411	his cousin
	Elisabeth I	November 1390	2 August 1451	18 January 1411 – 1443	his heiress & first cousin once removed
	Anthony	August 1384	25 October 1415	18 January 1411 – 25 October 1415	her first husband and co-ruler
	John II the Pitiless	1374	6 January 1425	10 March 1418 – 6 January 1425	her second husband and co-ruler

As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441 but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Philip I "the Good"	31 July 1396	15 June 1467	1443 to 15 June 1467	Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and "usurper"
	Charles II "the Bold"	10 November 1433	5 January 1477	15 June 1467 to 5 January 1477	His son
	Mary I "the Rich"	13 February 1457	27 March 1482	5 January 1477 to 27 March 1482	His daughter
	Maximilian I "the Last Knight"	22 March 1459	12 January 1519		Her husband and co-ruler

In 1482 Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Philip II "the Handsome"	22 July 1478	25 September 1506	27 March 1482 to 25 September 1506	Their son
	Charles III "the Golden"	24 February 1500	21 September 1558	25 September 1506 to 16 January 1556	His son
	Philip III "the Prudent"	21 May 1527	13 September 1598	16 January 1556 to 6 May 1598
	Isabella Clara Eugenia	12 August 1566	1 December 1633	6 May 1598 to 13 July 1621	His daughter
	Albert	15 November 1559	13 July 1621		His son-in-law
	Philip IV "the Great"	8 April 1605	17 September 1665	13 July 1621 to 17 September 1665	Their nephew
	Charles IV "the Bewitched"	6 November 1661	1 November 1700	17 September 1665 to 1 November 1700	His son

During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, of the House of Bourbon; and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, of the House of Habsburg. In 1712 Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but at the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Maximilian Emanuel was restored as Elector of Bavaria. In 1713 the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.

Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Charles V Karl Franz Joseph Wenceslau Balthasar Johann Anton Ignatius	1 October 1685	20 October 1740	11 April 1713 – 20 October 1740	his second cousin
	Maria II Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina	13 May 1717	29 November 1780	20 October 1740 – 29 November 1780	his daughter
	Joseph Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michael Adam	13 March 1741	20 February 1790	29 November 1780 to 20 February 1790	her son
	Leopold Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard	5 May 1747	1 March 1792	20 February 1790 to 1 March 1792	His brother
	Francis II Francis Joseph Charles	12 February 1768	2 March 1835	1 March 1792 to 1794	His son

Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.

Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.

In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.

Name and reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death	Right of Succession
Adolphe 23 November 1890 – 17 November 1905		24 July 1817 Wiesbaden (Prussia)	(1) Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia 31 January 1844 [1 child (stillborn)] (2) Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau 23 April 1851 [5 children]	17 November 1905 Colmar-Berg	William III's 17th cousin once removed through male line 3rd cousin through William IV, Prince of Orange Anne's direct descendant
William IV 17 November 1905 – 25 February 1912		22 April 1852 Wiesbaden (Prussia)	Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal [6 children]	25 February 1912 Colmar-Berg	Eldest Child
Marie-Adélaïde 25 February 1912 – 14 January 1919 (abdicated)		14 June 1894 Colmar-Berg	Unmarried [childless]	24 January 1924 Lenggries (Germany)	Eldest Daughter
Charlotte 14 January 1919 – 12 November 1964 (abdicated)		23 January 1896 Colmar-Berg	Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma 6 November 1919 [6 children]	9 July 1985 Fischbach	Second Daughter
Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000 (abdicated)		5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg	Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium 9 April 1953 [5 children]	23 April 2019 Luxembourg City	Eldest Child
Henri 7 October 2000 – present		16 April 1955 Betzdorf	María Teresa Mestre y Batista 4 February/14 February 1981 [5 children]	living	Eldest Son, Second Child