Duke University School of Medicine

The Duke University School of Medicine, commonly known as Duke Med, is the medical school of Duke University. It is located in the Collegiate Gothic-style West Campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The School of Medicine, along with the Duke University School of Nursing, Duke University Hospital, Duke Regional Hospital, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke Raleigh Hospital, and other affiliated hospitals, clinics, and laboratories, make up the Duke University Health System.[2] Established in 1925 by James B. Duke, the School of Medicine has earned its reputation as an integral part of one of the world's foremost patient care and biomedical research institutions.

Duke University School of Medicine
TypePrivate medical school
Established1925
FounderJames B. Duke
Parent institution
Duke University
DeanMary E. Klotman
Academic staff
2,200+
Students450
Location, ,
United States

36.0007°N 78.9403°W / 36.0007; -78.9403
CampusUrban
ColorsBlue and white[1]
   
Websitehttps://medschool.duke.edu

Clinical rotations by medical students and residents occur within the Duke University Health System, a fully integrated academic health care system encompassing a tertiary-care hospital and specialty clinics on the Medical Center campus, two community hospitals, a VA hospital, home health and hospice services, a network of primary care physicians, and other affiliated partners across the SE United States. The School of Medicine is currently ranked third in the country for research, while Duke University Hospital is consistently ranked among the top 20 of some 5,700 American hospitals by U.S. News & World Report. Furthermore, the School of Medicine is especially noted for its groundbreaking biomedical research, bringing in more than $700 million in NIH-sponsored projects in 2021.

History

Duke Medical School

The idea of establishing a medical school at the current site dates back as far as 1891, when John Franklin Crowell, the president of Trinity College as it was known at the time, first announced a public plan to establish a school of medicine.[3]

In 1924, James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment and directed $40 million to Trinity College to become Duke University.[4] The following year, he made an additional request to establish the Duke School of Medicine, Duke School of Nursing, and Duke Hospital, with the goal of improving health care in the Carolinas and nationwide.[5] Three thousand applicants applied to the new medical school in 1929 and 70 first- and third-year students were selected, including four women, for the School's inaugural class. Just four years after its establishment, Duke was ranked among the top 20 medical schools in the country by the AAMC.[5]

Timeline of select research and patient care milestones

  • 1937—Barnes Woodall establishes the nation's first brain tumor program.[6]
  • 1968—Robert Lefkowitz describes the adrenaline receptor.[7]
  • 1972—Child safety cap requirements championed by Jay Arena enacted as federal law.[8]
  • 1982—Pediatric immunologist Rebecca Buckley uses bone marrow transplantation to restore the immune systems of children born with severe combined immunodeficiency, also known as bubble boy disease.[9]
  • 1984—Bart Haynes contributes to the identification of HTLV-III, now known as HIV.
  • 1990—Joanne Kurtzberg establishes the Duke Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program.
  • 1994—Louise Markert demonstrates that babies born with no immune system, a fatal condition known as complete DiGeorge syndrome, can be cured with thymus transplantation.[10]
  • 1995—Duke scientists link the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to breast and ovarian cancers.
  • 2001—Miguel Nicolelis develops a system that allows monkeys to control robot arms via brain signals, an important step to enable paralyzed people to control neuroprosthetic limbs.
  • 2006—YT Chen and Priya Kishnani develop Myozyme as the first treatment for Pompe’s disease.[11]
  • 2011—Hai Yan leads a team of scientists from Duke and Johns Hopkins universities to identify mutations in a gene that makes cells immortal and appear to play a pivotal role in three of the most common types of brain tumors, as well as cancers of the liver, tongue and urinary tract.[12]
  • 2013—Duke researcher Jeffery Lawson and Laura Niklason of Yale School of Medicine, develop a bioengineered blood vessel, which Lawson grafted into an artery in a Duke patient’s arm, the first in-human procedure of its kind in the United States.
  • 2015—Clinical trials using PVS-RIPO, a modified polio virus, to activate the host immune system to fight glioblastomas was featured on 60 Minutes.[13] Preliminary findings have reported limited efficacy.
  • 2019—Forty-five faculty members were named as some of the most highly cited researchers on a global list from Clarivate Analytics and Web of Science, placing Duke SOM in a three-way tie as the 8th ranked institution in the nation. These faculty include Robert Leifkowitz, Robert Califf, Jason Locasale, and Darell Bigner.[14]

Rankings and admissions

Duke University School of Medicine is recognised as one of the best medical schools in the United States and the world. It is currently ranked #3 in the country, according to U.S. News & World Report's rankings for best research medical schools in 2022.[15] Several Duke programs are ranked as some of the highest in the country. Top-ten nationally ranked programs for 2022 include surgery (ranked #2), anesthesia (ranked #4), internal medicine (ranked #5), radiology (ranked #6), pediatrics (ranked #7), obstetrics/gynecology (ranked #8), and psychiatry (ranked #10).[16] Historically, the Duke University School of Medicine consistently ranks in the top ten medical schools in the United States.[17]

Admission to the school's medical degree program is highly competitive, with more than 7,500 applicants for approximately 115 openings each year.[18] The school ranks very highly among its peers in the diversity of its medical students. Among the draws of the program is its unique curriculum, which gives students contact with patients a year earlier than at most other medical schools and includes an entire year devoted to independent research. Many students use the year to begin studies toward a second degree; nearly one-quarter earn a PhD, Master of Science in Global Health (MScGH), MBA, JD, or master's degree in addition to an MD. About 19.5 percent are enrolled in Duke's Medical Scientist Training Program, which leads to both an MD and a PhD in health-related basic biomedical or social science research. Created to train highly qualified students as physician-scientists, the Duke program is the fourth oldest in the country, has been continuously funded by the NIH for almost 50 years, and is highly regarded nationally.

Duke University School of Medicine also includes PhD programs in the basic sciences and education and training programs in other health professions, including the top-ranked Physician Assistant[19] and Doctor of Physical Therapy programs, a Primary Care Leadership Track,[20] Master of Biomedical Sciences, MS and PhD in Biostatistics, and Master of Management in Clinical Informatics.[21][22]

Collaboration with the National University of Singapore

Duke opened a medical school collaboration with the National University of Singapore. The Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School graduated their first class in 2011.[23] The curriculum is similar in structure though the Duke-NUS campus focuses heavily on their team-based learning method called TeamLEAD (Learn, Engage, Apply, Develop).[24]

Affiliated research institutions

Duke Clinical Research Institute
Duke Hospital South
  • The Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI) performs all aspects of clinical research ranging from: Phase I through Phase IV clinical trials; outcomes research; registries of more than 100,000 patients; clinical research networks such as the Pediatric Trials Network; and economic and quality of life studies in populations spanning more than 20 therapeutic areas.[25][26] It is home to the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases, the largest and oldest institutional cardiovascular database in the world, which continues to inform clinical decision-making 40 years after its founding.[27]
  • The Duke Global Health Institute (DGHI).
  • The Trent Center for Bioethics, Humanities, and History of Medicine, the Center for Chemical Biology, and the Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy.
  • Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center.
  • The Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI).
  • The Duke Cancer Institute.
  • The Duke Heart Center.
  • The Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.
  • Duke Integrative Medicine attempts to examine and quantify the treatment of chronic heart failure.

Notable faculty and alumni

References

  1. "SoM Color Palette | Duke University School of Medicine".
  2. "About Duke University Health System | Human Resources". hr.duke.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  3. "1st plan for a medical school | Duke Medical Center Archives". archives.mc.duke.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  4. "Duke Medical Center Archives". archives.mc.duke.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  5. "Medical Center History - Overview | Duke Medical Center Archives". archives.mc.duke.edu. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  6. "Our History". The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center. October 17, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  7. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  8. "Jay M. Arena, 86; Devised Child-Proof Cap". The New York Times. The Associated Press. January 7, 1996. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  9. "Duke University Immunologist Buckley Is Cited For Transplantation Research". The Scientist Magazine®. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  10. "Xconomy: Duke and Enzyvant Take Rare Immune Disease to School with New Therapy". Xconomy. March 5, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  11. "Priya Kishnani on Finding a Cure for Pompe: The Extraordinary Efforts of a Real-Life Scientist". Newsweek. February 3, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  12. "Immortality gene mutation identifies brain tumors and other cancers | Duke Health". corporate.dukehealth.org. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  13. "Using polio to kill cancer: A producers' notebook". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  14. "Global List of Highly Cited Puts Duke in Top Ten". today.duke.edu. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
  15. "2022 Best Medical Schools: Research". U.S. News & World Report. March 30, 2021. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021.
  16. "Duke University - Best Medical Schools - US News". U.S. News & World Report. March 30, 2021. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021.
  17. "Best Medical Schools | Research Rankings | Top Medical Schools for Research | US News Best Graduate Schools". Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  18. "Program Statistics | Duke School of Medicine". medschool.duke.edu. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  19. "PA Program Ranked Number One in Country | Duke School of Medicine". medschool.duke.edu. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  20. "Primary Care Leadership Track | Duke School of Medicine". medschool.duke.edu. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  21. "Duke MMCi Program | Clinical informatics degree". Duke MMCi. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  22. "Master of Biomedical Sciences | Duke School of Medicine". medschool.duke.edu. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  23. Kamei, Cook; Puthucheary, Starmer (2012). "21st Century Learning in Medicine: Traditional Teaching versus Team-Based Teaching". Medical Science Educator. 22 (2): 57–64. doi:10.1007/BF03341758. S2CID 56770146. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  24. "AAMC Readiness for Reform: Duke – National University of Singapore Case Study Implementing Team-Based Learning for Medical Students" (PDF). Association of American Medical Colleges. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  25. Duke Medicine. "Research". Duke School of Medicine. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  26. Duke Clinical Research Institute. "DCRI Stats". Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  27. Duke Center for Health Informatics. "Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Disease" (PDF). Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  28. "Byerley appointed Vice Dean for Education". Vital Signs. UNC Health Care News. September 12, 2013. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
  29. "Eugene Gu". sciencefriday.com.
  30. Dries, David J. (May 2008). "Sabiston Textbook of Surgery". Shock. 29 (5): 650. doi:10.1097/SHK.0b013e318172f499. ISSN 1073-2322.
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