List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein

The following is a list of rulers (usually dukes) who ruled both Schleswig and Holstein, starting from the first Holstein count who received Schleswig, until both territories were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866; and afterwards, titular dukes.

The Houses of Schauenburg and Estridsen

In the course of history, the County of Holstein was several times partitioned among the inheriting sons into up to six lines. In 1386 King Oluf II of Denmark and his mother-regent, Queen Margaret I, enfeoffed in Nyborg Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg and his cognatic successors with the Duchy of Schleswig, which had been in the royal family's hands until 1375.[1] He was as Gerhard II duke of Schleswig. Until 1390 the Rendsborg branch united by inheritance all branches except of that of Holstein-Pinneberg. It remaining a separately ruled territory in Holstein until its line was extinct in 1640, when Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the then Duchy of Holstein. Furthermore, the here mentioned rulers of course only reigned Holstein and Schleswig in their respective territorial composition of the time, thus without states and territories only merged later in what became today's State of Schleswig-Holstein, such as Ditmarsh, conquered and annexed in 1559, Saxe-Lauenburg merged in 1876, Heligoland (British rule 1807–1891), Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Region of Lübeck, together with some Hamburgian exclaves in 1937. In turn much of the current westerly, northerly and easterly suburbs within Greater Hamburg were ceded from Holstein on 1 April 1937 (Cf. Greater Hamburg Act). North Schleswig had merged into Denmark in 1920. Some Lauenburgian and Mecklenburgian municipalities were exchanged by the Barber Lyashchenko Agreement in 1945.

Partitions of Schleswig-Holstein in the period

County of Holstein-Schauenburg
(1110-1137)
Under domain
of Schauenburg family
Duchy of Schleswig
Under domain of Estridsen family
(1080-1375)
and Schauenburg family
(Holstein-Rendsburg branch)
(1325-1330 and 1375-1433)
County of Holstein
(1137-1143)
County of Schauenburg
(1137-1143)
County of Holstein-Schauenburg
(1143-1203)
Annexed by Denmark County of Schauenburg
(1203-1227)
County of Holstein-Schauenburg
(1227-1261)
       Holstein-Itzehoe and Schauenburg
(1261-1290)
Holstein-Segeberg
(1st creation)
(1273-1315)
Holstein-Kiel
(1261-1390)
       Holstein-Plön
(1290-1350)
       Holstein-Pinneberg and
Schauenburg
(1290-1640)
       Holstein-Rendsburg
(1290-1459)
             
      
Holstein-Segeberg
(2nd creation)
(1397-1403)
      
      
Annexed by Denmark
RulerBornReignDeathPartHouseConsortNotes
Olaf I Hunger
c.10501080-109518 August 1095SchleswigEstridsenIngegerd of Norway
c.1070
one child
Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark.
Eric (I) the Good
c.10501095-110310 July 1103SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Boedil Thurgotsdatter
before 1086
one child
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Nicholas (I)
c.10651103-111525 June 1134SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Margaret Fredkulla
c.1105
two children

Ulvhild Håkansdotter
1130
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Adolph I ? 1106-1110 13 November 1130 Schauenburg Schauenburg Hildewa
before 1128
four children
First count of Schauenburg, in 1110 becomes count of Holstein.
1110-1130Schauenburg and Holstein
Canute I Lavard
12 March 10961115-11317 June 1131SchleswigEstridsenIngeborg of Kiev
1116
four children
Titled dux Daciae[2] (i.e. Duke of Denmark)
Adolph II c.1128 1130-1137 6 July 1164 Schauenburg and Holstein Schauenburg Mechthild of Schwarzburg-Käfernburg
before 1160
one son
In 1137 Henry of Badewide occupied Holstein.
1137-1143Schauenburg
Magnus Ic.11061131-11344 June 1134SchleswigEstridsenRicheza of Poland
c.1127
two children
Also King of Sweden
Eric (II) the Memorable
c.10901134-113718 September 1137SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Malmfred of Kiev
c.1130
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Henry of Badewide?1137-11431164HolsteinNon-dynasticA relative of the King of Denmark
before 1164
at least two children
Restrained in 1139 to Wagria.
Eric (III) Lamb
c.11201137-114627 August 1146SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Lutgard of Salzwedel
c.1144
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Adolph IIc.11281143-11646 July 1164Schauenburg and HolsteinSchauenburg Matilda of Schwarzburg-Käfernburg
before 1160
one son
Reunites Holstein and Schauenburg.
Sweyn I Grathe
c.1125 1146-1152

1154-1157
23 October 1157 Schleswig Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Adela of Meissen
c.1152
two children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute II
c.11299 August 1157Helena of Sweden
c.1156
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar I the Great
14 January 11311146-117012 May 1182Sophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Regency of Matilda of Schwarzburg-Käfernburg (1164-1174) Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, ceding the latter to Valdemar II in 1203 in order to be released from his captivity.
Adolph III 1160 1164-1203 3 January 1225 Schauenburg and Holstein Schauenburg Adelaide of Assel
1182
no children

Adelaide of Querfurt
Before 10 May 1189
four children
1203-1225Schauenburg
Christopher I11501170-11731173SchleswigEstridsenSophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Between 1152 and 1154, titled dux Iuciae[3] (i.e. Duke of Jutland).
Valdemar I the Great
14 January 11311173-118212 May 1182SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Sophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute III
c.11631182-118312 November 1202SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Gertrude of Bavaria
February 1177
Lund Cathedral
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar II the Victorious
9 May or 28 June 1170 1183-1209 28 March 1241 Schleswig Estridsen Dagmar of Bohemia
1205
one son

Berengaria of Portugal
1214
four children
Titled dux slesvicensis[4] (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. He also invaded Holstein in 1203, and resigned in 1227, after being expelled.
1203-1227Holstein
Valdemar (III) the Young
c.12091209-121628 November 1231SchleswigEstridsenEleanor of Portugal
24 June 1229
Ribe Cathedral
one child
Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II.
Eric (IV) Ploughpenny
c.12161216-12329 August 1250SchleswigEstridsenJutta of Saxony
17 November 1239
six children
Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II.
Adolph IV
Before 1205 1225-1227 8 July 1261 Schauenburg Schauenburg Heilwig of Lippe
1223
four children
Count of Holstein by military victory over Valdemar II; he later resigned and became a monk.
1227-1238Schauenburg and Holstein
Abel
c.12181232-125229 June 1252SchleswigEstridsenMatilda of Holstein
25 April 1237
Schleswig Cathedral
four children
Also king of Denmark from 1250.
Regency of Heilwig of Lippe (1238-1243) Sons of Adolph IV, ruled jointly on their first years of rule, under regency of their mother. In 1261, they divided their possessions: John received Holstein-Kiel; Gerhard received Holstein-Itzehoe and also the county of Schauenburg. After Gerhard's death in 1290 his sons partitioned Holstein-Itzehoe and Schaumburg into three branches, with Adolph getting Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg, Gerhard getting Holstein-Plön, and Henry getting Holstein-Rendsburg.
John I
1229 1238-1261 20 April 1263 Schauenburg and Holstein Schauenburg Elisabeth of Saxe-Wittenberg
1249 or 1250
four children
1261-1263Holstein-Kiel
Gerhard I
1232 1238-1261 21 December 1290 Schauenburg and Holstein Elizabeth of Mecklenburg
1250
eleven children

Alexia of Montferrat
1282
no children
1261-1290Holstein-Itzehoe and Schauenburg
Christopher II
c.12191252-125429 May 1259SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Margaret Sambiria
1248
five children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar IIIc.12381254-1257c.1257SchleswigEstridsenUnmarried
Eric I
c.12421257-127227 May 1272SchleswigEstridsenMargaret of Rugia
1259 or 1260
three children
John II the One-Eyed
12531263-13161321Holstein-KielSchauenburgMargareta of Denmark
1276
two children
Sons of John I, ruled jointly. In 1273 divided the land: John II kept Holstein-Kiel; Adolph received Holstein-Segeberg. After the death of Adolph in 1308 without descendants, Holstein_Segeberg returned to Holstein-Kiel. In 1316, John II was deposed by his cousin John III from Holstein-Plön.
Adolph V the Pomeranian
1252 1263-1273 10 April or 11 November 1308 Holstein-Kiel Schauenburg Euphemia of Pomerania-Wolgast
1273 or 1278
one child
1273-1308Holstein-Segeberg
Regency of Margaret Sambiria (1272-1282) Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Eric (V)
c.12491272-128322 November 1286SchleswigEstridsen
Part of Denmark
Agnes of Brandenburg
11 November 1273
Schleswig Cathedral
seven children
Valdemar IVc.12651283-131226 March or 7 July 1312SchleswigEstridsenElisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg
1287
one child
Gerhard II the Blind
12541290-131228 October 1312Holstein-PlönSchauenburgIngeborg of Sweden
12 December 1275
four children

Agnes of Brandenburg
1293
one child
First son of Gerhard I, ruled in -Plön.
Adolph VI the Elder
12561290-131513 May 1315Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgHelen of Saxe-Lauenburg
14 February 1294
seven children
Second son of Gerhard I, ruled in -Pinneberg and also received Schauenburg.
Henry I
12581290-13045 August 1304Holstein-RendsburgSchauenburgHeilwig of Bronckhorst
1289
four children
Third son of Gerhard I, ruled in -Rendsburg.
Gerhard III the Great
12921304-13261 April 1340Holstein-RendsburgSchauenburgSophia of Werle
1315
four children
As Gerhard I, also Duke of Schleswig between 1326 and 1330.
Gerhard IV
12541312-13231323Holstein-PlönSchauenburgAnastasia of Schwerin
30 July 1313
two children
Sons of Gerhard II, ruled jointly. In 1316, John III deposed John II of Holstein-Kiel and took over the duchy, leaving sole rule of Plön to his brother Gerhard IV. John III also served, alongside Gerhard III, as lord ruling in guardianship the Danish Duchy of Schleswig 1332–1340.
John III the Mild
1297 1312-1316 27 September 1359 Holstein-Plön Schauenburg Catherine of Głogów
25 December 1317 or 27 January 1319
three children

Miroslawa of Schwerin-Wittenburg
1327
three children
1316-1359Holstein-Kiel
Eric IIc.12901312-132512 March 1325SchleswigEstridsenAdelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg
1313
two children
Adolph VII1295 or 12971315-13549 October 1354Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgHedwig of Schwalenberg
by 1301
three children

Helwig of Lippe
1322
eight children
Gerhard V
13151323-135022 September 1350Holstein-PlönSchauenburgUnmarriedAfter his death, his uncle John III, ruler of -Kiel and previous co-ruler in -Plön, reunites both lands.
Regency of Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1325-1326) Under regency of his uncle, in 1326 Gerhard placed him as king of Denmark to rule Schleswig himself.
Valdemar V
c.13141325-1326c.1364SchleswigRichardis of Schwerin
c.1329?
two children
Gerhard III the Great
12921326-1330 1 April 1340Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig Schauenburg Sophia of Werle
1315
four children
Between 1326 and 1330, as ruler of Schleswig, he united (briefly) Schleswig and Holstein-Rendsburg.
1330-1340Holstein-Rendsburg
Valdemar V
c.13141330-1364c.1364SchleswigEstridsenRichardis of Schwerin
c.1329?
two children
Henry Ic.13421364-1375August 1375SchleswigEstridsenKunigunde
no children
In 1375, Schleswig reunited with Holstein-Rendsburg.
Nicholas I
1321 1340-1375 8 May 1397 Holstein-Rendsburg Schauenburg Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1354
one child
Nicholas and Henry ruled jointly as sons of Gerhard III. In 1375 they inherited the Duchy of Schleswig from the House of Estridsen. In 1384, with the death of his brother, Nicholas associated his nephews (Gerhard and Albert, sons of Henry) to power. In 1386 he abdicated of Schleswig to his older nephew Gerhard, who assumed alone this lands. In 1390 Nicholas inherited Holstein-Kiel. After Nicholas' death in 1397, the co-ruling nephews, Gerhard and Albert, divided the land: Gerhard kept Rendsburg, which he reunited with his duchy of Schleswig; Albert received Segeberg. As Albert left no descendants at his death in 1403, Segeberg reunited again with Rendsburg, still in hands of his brother, who died in the following year.
1375-1386Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig
1386-1397Holstein-Rendsburg
Henry II of Iron
1317 1340-1375 1384 Holstein-Rendsburg Matilda of Lippe
one child

Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
before 1374
four children
1375-1384Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig
Gerhard VI
1367 1384-1386 5 August 1404 Holstein-Rendsburg Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1390
six children
1386-1404Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig
Albert I
1369 1384-1397 28 September 1403 Holstein-Rendsburg Agnes of Saxe-Lauenburg
before 23 March 1399
no children
1397-1403Holstein-Segeberg
Adolph VIII the Younger
After 13011354-137013 October 1370Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgUnmarried
Adolph IX the Mild
13271359-139026 January 1390Holstein-KielSchauenburgAnne of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4 December 1362 or 21 September 1365
no children
Received from inheritance of his father -Kiel and also -Plön, incorporated in 1350. After his death in 1390 without descendants, -Kiel and its patrimony is inherited by Holstein-Rendsburg.
Otto I
13301370-1404After 16 March 1404Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgMechtild of Brunswick-Lüneburg
25 June 1368
ten children
Henry III
c.13721404-1421February 1421Holstein-RendsburgSchauenburgUnmarriedAlso Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück as Henry I (1402–1410).
Adolph X13751404-14269 October 1426Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgHelena of Hoya
1378
three children
Regencies of Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Henry III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1404–1413) Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers.
Henry IV 1397 1404-1421 28 May 1427 Schleswig Schauenburg Unmarried
1421-1427Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig
Otto II
14001426-14642 June 1464Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgElisabeth of Hohnstein
1418
ten children
Adolph XI
14011427-14594 December 1459Holstein-Rendsburg and SchleswigSchauenburgMatilda
before 1433
no children

Margareta of Mansfeld
1433
no children
Sons of Gerhard VI, ruled jointly in Holstein-Rendsburg. As Gerhard also wanted to rule in Schleswig he claimed (unsuccessfully) this duchy for himself against his brother. Adolph was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time, gaining royal Danish recognition in 1440. After Adolph's death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark.
Gerhard VII
14041427-143324 July 1433Holstein-Rendsburg and SchleswigSchauenburgAgnes of Baden
2 June 1432
Baden
ten children
Adolph XII14191464-14749 October 1474Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgIrmgard of Hoya
1459
no children
First son of Otto II. Left no descendants.
Eric I14201474-149224 or 25 March 1492Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgHeba of East Frisia
1476
no children
Second son of Otto II. Left no descendants.
Otto III
14261492-15101510Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgUnmarriedThird son of Otto II. Left no descendants.
Anton I14391510-152622 December 1526Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgSophia of Saxe-Lauenburg
29 November 1492
no children

Anna of Schönburg
before 25 September 1497
no children
Sixth son of Otto II and the fourth ruling. Left no descendants.
John IV14491526-152730 March 1527Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgCordula of Gehmen
1482
one child
Jobst I14831527-15315 June 1531Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgMaria of Nassau-Dietz
1506
eight children
Adolph XIII
19 January 15111531-154420 September 1556Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgUnmarriedJoint rule with his brother John IV. Abdicated in 1544. Later he became Archbishop of Cologne as Adolph III (1547-1556).
John V15121531-15441560Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgElisabeth of East Frisia
1558
no children
Joint rule with his brother Adolphus XIII. Abdicated in 1544.
Otto IV
15171544-157621 December 1576Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgMaria of Pomerania-Stettin
before 1545
four children

Ursula of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1558
three children
In 1559 he officially began the Reformation in Schauenburg and Holstein-Pinneberg.
Adolph XIV
27 February 15471576-16012 July 1601Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgElisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
6 May 1583
Wolfenbüttel
one child
Ernest
24 September 15691601-162217 January 1622Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgHedwig of Hesse-Kassel
11 September 1597
Schmalkalden
ten children
Brother of Adolphus XIV. Was elevated to "Prince of Schaumburg" in 1619.
Jobst Herman6 October 15931622-16355 November 1635Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgUnmarriedCousin of his predecessor. Died without descendants.
Otto V1 March 16141635-164015 November 1640Holstein-Pinneberg and SchauenburgSchauenburgUnmarriedCousin of his predecessor. Died without descendants.

With Otto's death, the main line of Schauenburg was extinct, and Holstein-Pinneberg was acquired by Christian IV for the royal share of the Holstein duchy. Schauenburg went to the House of Lippe.

The House of Oldenburg

In 1460, Schleswig fell to the Danish royal House of Oldenburg, in the person of Christian I, who inherited not only the Duchy, a Danish fief, but also the County of Holstein-Rendsburg, a Saxe-Lauenburgian subfief within the Holy Roman Empire, following the death of his maternal uncle Adolf I (and VIII as Count of Holstein-Rendsburg). In 1474, Lauenburg's liege lord Emperor Frederick III elevated Christian as Count of Holstein-Rendsburg to Duke of Holstein, thus becoming an immediate imperial vassal (see imperial immediacy). The smaller Holstein-Pinneberg remained a county further ruled by the House of Schauenburg. In 1544, after Christian III's brothers reached majority, they partitioned the Duchies of Holstein (a fief of the Holy Roman Empire) and of Schleswig (a Danish fief) in an unusual way, following negotiations between the brothers and the Estates of the Realm of the duchies, which opposed a factual partition. They determined their youngest brother Frederick for a career as Lutheran administrator of an ecclesiastical state within the Holy Roman Empire.[5]

So the revenues of the duchies were divided in three equal shares by assigning the revenues of particular areas and landed estates to each of the elder brothers, while other general revenues, such as taxes from towns and customs dues, were levied together but then shared among the brothers. The estates, whose revenues were assigned to the parties, made Holstein and Schleswig look like patchwork rags, technically inhibiting the emergence of separate new duchies, as intended by the estates of the duchies. The secular rule in the fiscally divided duchies thus became a condominium of the parties. As dukes of Holstein and Schleswig, the rulers of both houses bore the formal title of "Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Dithmarschen and Stormarn".

The dynastic name Holstein-Gottorp comes as convenient usage from the technically more correct Duke of Schleswig and Holstein at Gottorp. Adolf, the third son of Duke and King Frederick I and the second youngest half-brother of King Christian III, founded the dynastic branch called House of Holstein-Gottorp, which is a cadet branch of the then royal Danish House of Oldenburg. The Danish monarchs and the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp listed below ruled both duchies together as to general government, however, collected their revenues in their separate estates. John II the Elder conveniently called Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev produced no issue, so no branch emerged from his side.

Similar to the above-mentioned agreement Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for him and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, comprising a third of the royal share, thus a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig as to the fiscal point of view. John the Younger and his heirs, however, had no share in the condominial rule, they were only titular partitioned-off dukes.

The share of John II the Elder, who died in 1580, was halved between Adolf and Frederick II, thus increasing again the royal share by a fiscal sixth of Holstein and Schleswig.[6] As an effect the complicated fiscal division of both separate duchies, Holstein and Schleswig, with shares of each party scattered in both duchies, provided them with a condominial government binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation as Holy Roman and Danish fiefs.

RulerBornReignDeathPartConsortNotes
Christian I
(Christian 1.)
February 14261460-148121 May 1481SchleswigDorothea of Brandenburg
28 October 1449
Copenhagen
five children
First ruler of Schleswig, which was inherited from Holstein-Rendsburg. Also King of Denmark and of the Kalmar Union.
John I
(Hans)
2 February 14551481-151320 February 1513SchleswigChristina of Saxony
6 September 1478
Copenhagen
five children
Ruled jointly in Schleswig, John and Frederick, brothers, ruled together, and after the death of John, Frederick, kept the co-rulership with his nephew, Christian II. In 1523 the latter was deposed in both Denmark and Schleswig. They were also in succession Kings of Denmark: John 1481–1513, Christian 1513–23, Frederick 1523–33. John and Christian were also Kings of the Kalmar Union.
Frederick I
(Frederik 1.)
7 October 14711490-153320 February 1533SchleswigAnna of Brandenburg
10 April 1502
Stendal
two children

Sophie of Pomerania
9 October 1518
Kiel
six children
Christian II the Tyrant
(Christian 2.)
February 14261513-152321 May 1481SchleswigIsabella of Austria
12 August 1515
Copenhagen
six children
Christian III
(Christian 3.)
12 August 1503 1533-1544 1 January 1559 Schleswig Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
29 October 1525
Lauenburg
five children
Christian was also King of Denmark. In 1544 divided Schleswig with his half-brothers. John received Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev, and Adolph Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
1544-1559Schleswig-Schleswig
John II the Elder
21 June 15211544-15801 October 1580Schleswig-Holstein-HaderslevUnmarried
Adolph
25 January 15261544-15861 October 1586Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpChristine of Hesse
17 December 1564
Schleswig
ten children
Haderslev divided between Schleswig and Gottorp
Frederick II
(Frederik 2.)
1 July 15341559-15884 April 1588Schleswig-SchleswigSophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
20 July 1572
Copenhagen
eight children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick III21 April 15681586-158715 June 1587Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpUnmarriedDied without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Philip
10 August 15701587-159018 October 1590Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpUnmarriedDied without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Christian IV
(Christian 4.)
12 April 15771588-164828 February 1648Schleswig-SchleswigAnne Catherine of Brandenburg
27 November 1597
Haderslev
seven children

Kirsten Munk
31 December 1615
Copenhagen
(morganatic)
twelve children
Also King of Denmark.
John Adolph
27 February 15751590-161631 March 1616Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpAugusta of Denmark
30 August 1596
Copenhagen
eight children
Frederick IV
22 December 15971616-165910 August 1659Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpMarie Elisabeth of Saxony
21 February 1630
Dresden
sixteen children
Frederick V
(Frederik 3.)
18 March 16091648-16709 February 1670Schleswig-SchleswigSophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1 October 1643
Glücksburg
eight children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick III.
Christian Albert
3 February 16411659-16956 January 1695Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpFrederica Amalia of Denmark
24 October 1667
Glücksburg
four children
Christian V
(Christian 5.)
15 April 16461670-169925 August 1699Schleswig-SchleswigCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
25 June 1667
Nykøbing Falster
eight children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick VI
18 October 16711695-170219 July 1702Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpHedvig Sophia of Sweden
12 May 1698
Karlberg
one child
Frederick VII
(Frederik 4.)
11 October 16711699-173012 October 1730Schleswig-Schleswig (until 1713)

Schleswig (after 1713)
Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
5 December 1695
Copenhagen
five children

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg
26 September 1703
(morganatic and bigamous)
one child

Anne Sophie Reventlow
4 April 1721
Copenhagen
three children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick IV. In 1713 reunited Schleswig.
Charles Frederick
30 April 17001702-173918 June 1739Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (until 1713)

Holstein-Gottorp (after 1713)
Anna Petrovna of Russia
21 May 1725
St Petersburg
one child
Christian VI
(Christian 6.)
30 November 16991730-17466 August 1746SchleswigSophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
7 August 1721
Pretzsch
three children
Also King of Denmark.
Charles Peter Ulrich
21 February 17281739-176217 July 1762Holstein-GottorpSophie Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
21 August 1745
St Petersburg
one child
He later ascended as Peter III of Russia.
Frederick VIII
(Frederik 5.)
31 March 17231746-176614 January 1766SchleswigLouise of Great Britain
11 December 1743
Altona
five children

Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
8 July 1752
Hillerød
one son
Also King of Denmark as Frederick V.
Paul I
1 October 17541762-177323 March 1801Holstein-GottorpWilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
20 September 1773
St Petersburg
no children

Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
7 October 1776
St Petersburg
ten children
He later succeeded his mother, Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia.
Gottorp reunited with Schleswig
Christian VII
(Christian 7.)
29 January 1749 1766-1773 13 March 1808 Schleswig Caroline Matilda of Great Britain
8 November 1766
Copenhagen
two children
Also King of Denmark. In 1773 reunited Schleswig and Holstein.
1773-1808Schleswig and Holstein
Frederick IX
(Frederik 6.)
28 January 17681808-18398 December 1839Schleswig and HolsteinMarie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel
31 July 1790
Schleswig
eight children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick VI.
Christian VIII
(Christian 8.)
18 September 17861839-184820 January 1848Schleswig and HolsteinCharlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
21 June 1806
Ludwigslust
two children

Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
22 May 1815
Augustenborg
no children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick X
(Frederik 7.)
6 October 18081848-186315 November 1863Schleswig and HolsteinVilhelmine Marie of Denmark
1 November 1828
Copenhagen
(annulled 1837)
no children

Caroline Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
10 June 1841
Neustrelitz
(annulled 1846)
no children

Louise Rasmussen
7 August 1850
Hillerød
(morganatic)
no children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick VII.
Christian IX
(Christian 9.)
8 April 18181863-186429 January 1906Schleswig and HolsteinLouise of Hesse-Kassel
26 May 1842
Copenhagen
six children
He was from the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the Oldenburgs. Also King of Denmark. In 1864 the duchy was annexed to the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were ceded by the Danish King and were ruled in a joint condominium by Austria and Prussia. Following the defeat of Austria in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, they were annexed by Prussia and were formed into the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein, part of Germany since 1870.

See also

Notes

  1. Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here pp. 63seq. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
  2. Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
  3. "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
  4. "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
  5. In 1551, Frederick became administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim, comprising ecclesiastical and secular power, and, however, lacking secular power Bishop of Schleswig with the pertaining revenues from episcopal estates.
  6. Cf. Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, "Die dänischen Könige als Herzöge von Schleswig und Holstein", Frauke Witte and Marion Hartwig (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 73–109, here pp. 87seq. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
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