Dunoon Castle

Dunoon Castle is a ruined castle in Dunoon, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The castle sat upon a cone-shaped hill about 80 feet (24 m) high. Very little remains of the castle's structure today. Castle House, built in 1822, stands a few yards north of the castle ruins.[1]

Dunoon Castle
A 2008 view from the Firth of Clyde
Dunoon Castle is located in Scotland
Dunoon Castle
Dunoon Castle is located in Argyll and Bute
Dunoon Castle
General information
StatusNo longer standing
LocationArgyll and Bute, Scotland
AddressCastle Gardens
Town or cityDunoon
CountryScotland, United Kingdom
Coordinates55.945599°N 4.9238077°W / 55.945599; -4.9238077, National grid reference NS 04064 91102
DesignationsScheduled Monument: SM5450

The remains of the castle, and a surrounding area, are a scheduled monument.[2][3]

The castle was a royal residence in the 14th century, and in the 17th century fell into ruins.[4]

13th–15th century

The castle is first recorded in the thirteenth century.[5] It may have been constructed in the context of the Stewarts increasing authority in Cowal.[6]

In 1333 Dunoon Castle was besieged and taken by Edward Balliol, who surrendered it to Edward III of England.[7] An insurrection ensued, driving Baliol out of Scotland. Robert the Steward, later King Robert II of Scotland, arrived in Cowal and, with the help of Colin Campbell of Lochow, retook the castle.[8]

James III undertook to repay his Master of Household, Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll for repairs to the castle in 1468, and made him keeper of the castle in 1472.[9] By the 15th century it was a royal castle with the Campbells as hereditary keepers.[5]

16th century
Dunoon Castle engraving by William Miller after W Brown

In 1544 Dunoon Castle was besieged by Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Having eighteen ships and 800 soldiers provided by Henry VIII of England, Lennox succeeded in taking the Castles of Dunoon and Rothesay. Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll, was driven out, sustaining great loss.[10]

In 1563, Mary, Queen of Scots, stayed at the castle while visiting her half-sister, Jean Stewart, Countess of Argyll, and granted several charters during her visit.[11] Mary's rebels met up at Dunoon during the Chaseabout Raid. Her brother the Earl of Moray's faction in Argyll included the Duke of Châtelherault, and the Earls of Argyll and Rothes. They left for Ayrshire on 18 August 1565.[12]

17th century

In 1646 occurred the Dunoon massacre in which the Campbells slaughtered men, women, children, and infants of Clan Lamont.[13] After the restoration of the episcopacy under Charles II, Dunoon became the residence of the bishops of Argyll for a time.[14] The castle was destroyed during the Earl of Argyll's rebellion against James VII and II in 1685.

20th century

During World War I and II, military fortifications were established at Dunoon Castle for the defense of the River Clyde and the shipbuilding industry.[15]

References
  1. Historic Environment Scotland. "Castle House, Castle Gardens (LB26434)".
  2. "Amended Entry 5450". Historic Environment Scotland. 14 June 2016.
  3. Historic Environment Scotland. "Dunoon Castle (SM5450)". Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  4. Historic Environment Scotland. "Dunoon Castle (40729)". Canmore. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  5. Atkinson, JA; Photos-Jones, E; Roberts, J; Rutherford, A; Smith, C (2000). "Excavation of 10th-Century Burials at Chapelhall, Innellan, Argyll, 1994" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 130: 651–676. doi:10.9750/PSAS.130.651.676. eISSN 2056-743X. ISSN 0081-1564. S2CID 192754684 – via Archaeology Data Service..
  6. Dawson, JEA (1995). "Argyll: The Enduring Heartland" (PDF). Scottish Historical Review. 74 (1): 75–98. doi:10.3366/shr.1995.74.1.75. eISSN 1750-0222. hdl:20.500.11820/1ce6c0ef-90ec-4a98-9501-f3ece9cd5267. ISSN 0036-9241. JSTOR 25530662. S2CID 161559470., page 90.
  7. Macdonald, Hugh (1878). Days at the coast : a series of sketches descriptive of the Firth of Clyde, its watering places, its scenery, and its associations. Glasgow: Dunn. p. 349. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  8. Colegate, John (1868). Colegate's Guide to Dunoon, Kirn, and Hunter's Quay (2nd ed.). Dunoon. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 31 January 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. HMC 4th Report: Duke of Argyll (London, 1874), p. 477.
  10. Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 21.
  11. Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 22.
  12. Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 190, 193.
  13. Colegate. Colegate Guides. pp. 21–22.
  14. Colegate. Colegate's Guide. pp. 22–23.
  15. Historic Environment Scotland. "Clyde Defences, Dunoon, Castle Gardens, Dunoon Battery (106362)". Canmore. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
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