Desmognathus
Desmognathus is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders.[1][2] They range throughout the eastern United States as far west as Texas, and north to southeastern Canada.[1]
| Desmognathus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ocoee salamander (Desmognathus ocoee) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Subfamily: | Plethodontinae |
| Genus: | Desmognathus Baird, 1850 |
| Species | |
|
See table. | |
Characteristics
Species of the genus Desmognathus have a unique jaw-opening mechanism where the lower jaw is stationary and the skull swings open.[3] There are additional stalked condyles, an atlanto-mandibular ligament, along with other skeletal and musculature features that have evolved to accompany this type of jaw-opening mechanism.[3] Additionally, they are known to exhibit maternal care by brooding over their eggs.[3]
An unidentified Desmognathus species as seen in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, TN.
Species
This genus includes the following 39-40 species:[1]
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Desmognathus abditus Anderson & Tilley, 2003 | Cumberland dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus adatsihi Pyron and Beamer, 2022 | Cherokee mountain dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus aeneus Brown & Bishop, 1947 | Seepage salamander |
| Desmognathus amphileucus Bishop, 1941 | Nantahala blackbelly salamander |
| Desmognathus anicetus Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Foothills dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus apalachicolae Means & Karlin, 1989 | Apalachicola dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus auriculatus (Holbrook, 1838) | Holbrook's southern dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus bairdi Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Piedmont dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus balsameus Pyron and Beamer, 2022 |
Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger, 1895 | Ouachita dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus campi Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Savannah dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus carolinensis Dunn, 1916 | Carolina mountain dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus catahoula Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Catahoula spotted dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus cheaha Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Talladega seal salamander |
| Desmognathus conanti Rossman, 1958 | Spotted dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus folkertsi Camp, Tilley, Austin & Marshall, 2002 | Dwarf blackbelly salamander |
| Desmognathus fuscus (Rafinesque, 1820) | Northern dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli Pyron and Beamer, 2022 | Cherokee blackbelly salamander |
| Desmognathus imitator Dunn, 1927 | Imitator salamander |
| Desmognathus kanawha Pyron and Beamer, 2022 | Kanawha blackbelly salamander |
| Desmognathus lycos Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Wolf dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus marmoratus (Moore, 1899) | Shovelnose salamander |
| Desmognathus mavrokoilius Pyron and Beamer, 2022 | Pisgah blackbelly salamander |
| Desmognathus monticola Dunn, 1916 | Seal salamander |
| Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope, 1859 | Allegheny mountain dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus ocoee Nicholls, 1949 | Ocoee dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus orestes Tilley & Mahoney, 1996 | Blue Ridge dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus organi Crespi & Browne, 2010 | Northern pygmy salamander |
| Desmognathus pascagoula Pyron, O'Connell, Lamb, and Beamer, 2022 | Pascagoula dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus planiceps Newman, 1955 | Flat-headed salamander |
| Desmognathus quadramaculatus (Holbrook, 1840) | Blackbelly salamander (defunct) |
| Desmognathus santeetlah Tilley, 1981 | Santeetlah dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus tilleyi Pyron and Beamer, 2023 |
Max Patch dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus valentinei Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017 | Valentine's southern dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus valtos Pyron and Beamer, 2022 | Carolina swamp dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus welteri Barbour, 1950 | Black Mountain dusky salamander |
| Desmognathus wrighti King, 1936 | Pygmy salamander |
References
- Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Desmognathus Baird, 1850". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- "Plethodontidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-386919-7.
External links
- Tree of Life: Desmognathus
- "Desmognathus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
Further reading
- Baird SF. 1850. Revision of the North American Tailed-Batrachia, with descriptions of new genera and species. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Series 2, 1: 281–294. (Desmognathus, new genus, p. 282).
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