Mahādvāra Nikāya

Maha Dwara Nikaya (Burmese: မဟာဒွာရနိကာယ, IPA: [məhà dwàɹa̰ nḭkàja̰]); also spelt Maha Dwaya Nikaya or Mahādvāra Nikāya, is a small monastic order of monks in Myanmar (Burma), primarily in Lower Myanmar.[1] This order is very conservative with respect to Vinaya regulations.[2] It is one of 9 legally sanctioned monastic orders (nikaya) in the country, under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations.[3]

Statistics

Ordained Buddhist monks by monastic order in Myanmar (2016).[4]

  Thudhamma Nikaya (87.24%)
  Shwegyin Nikaya (9.47%)
  Mahādvāra Nikāya (1.15%)
  Muladvāra Nikāya (0.72%)
  Veḷuvan Nikāya (0.70%)
  Other (0.72%)

According to 2016 statistics published by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, 6,166 monks belonged to this monastic order, representing 1.15% of all monks in the country, making it the third largest order after Thudhamma and Shwegyin Nikaya.[4] With respect to geographic representation, the majority are based in Lower Burma, with a sizable plurality of Mahādvāra monks living in Ayeyarwady Region (40.69%), followed by Yangon Region (20.65%), Bago Region (20.61%), and Mon State (9.97%).[4]

Origins

The founding of Maha Dwara Nikaya was inspired by nikaya reforms in Sri Lanka during the 19th century.[1] This Nikaya was founded in 1855, over disputes with the Thudhamma Nikaya on the constitution of a sīmā (သိမ် or thein in Burmese), a formal boundary in which Buddhist religious ceremonies (including ordination of Sangha) occur.[2]

In 1900 and 1918, two other groups, the Anaukchaung Dwara (အနောက်ချောင်းဒွာရ) and Mula Dwara (မူလဒွာရ; Mūladvāra) respectively, separated from the Maha Dwara Nikaya over leadership disputes.[2]

References
  1. "Dwara Nikaya". Archived from the original on 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  2. Carbine, Jason A (2011). Sons of the Buddha: Continuities and Ruptures in a Burmese Monastic Tradition. Vol. 50. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-025409-9.
  3. Gutter, Peter (2001). "Law and Religion in Burma" (PDF). Legal Issues on Burma Journal. Burma Legal Council (8): 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-14.
  4. "The Account of Wazo Samgha of All Sect, M.E 1377 (2016)". The State Samgha Maha Nayaka Committee. Retrieved 2020-05-19.

See also
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