E.B. Harris

At the time he was first hired, the most traded products on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange were futures and options on onions, followed by potatoes and eggs.[8] In 1955 two onion traders, Sam Seigel and Vincent Kosuga cornered the onion futures market and then drove onion prices in order to profit from a short positions that they held. The collapse of onion prices drove many onion farmers into bankruptcy.[9] A public outcry ensued among onion farmers who were left with large amounts of worthless inventory.[8] Soon the Commodity Exchange Authority investigated and the Senate Committee on Agriculture held hearings on a proposed ban on onion futures trading.[10] As the public face of the exchange, Harris lobbied hard against the bill. He described the proposed ban as "Burning down the barn to find a suspected rat".[11] The measure was passed, however, and President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Onion Futures Act in August 1958.[11]

After the loss of the lucrative onion trading market, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange was brought to the brink of bankruptcy. In order to stay solvent, they began trading in pork bellies in 1962. Pork bellies proved to be a popular product and brought fresh growth as meat packing companies joined the exchange.[2] At Harris' insistence, the exchange also began trading in live cattle in November 1964.[12] Harris later described the introduction of live cattle trading as his "monument".[13] Harris celebrated the beginning of live cattle trading by parading an Angus calf around the trading floor.[14] Cattle trading later became one of the mainstay products of the exchange.[12] The Chicago Board of Trade later began offering live cattle trading to compete with the Mercantile Exchange. Harris accused the Board of Trade of "violating an unwritten law of commodity trading" by offering the same product that was launched by a neighboring exchange. Though Harris circulated a public petition which demanded the Board of Trade cease copying the Mercantile Exchange, the Board of Trade continued trading in live cattle futures.[12]

Although these proved to be profitable products for the exchange, Harris believed that the exchange was too dependent upon these two products. After he and Chicago Mercantile Exchange chairman Leo Melamed visited the International Commercial Exchange in New York City, they decided to introduce currency futures trading to the exchange.[2] Harris and Melamed were initially worried about possible regulatory attention and their ability to draw customers to currency trading. They arranged a meeting with Milton Friedman to discuss the proposal. Friedman was enthusiastic about the idea and published an article in support.[15] Harris and Melamed later met with then-United States Secretary of the Treasury George P. Shultz, who also approved of their plan.[16] In 1972, they began trading currency on the exchange and it was a very successful market. The currency trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange eventually served as a model for many other currency trading markets.[2]