E. Jean Carroll

Carroll's "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle from 1993 until 2020. Widely read, it was acclaimed for Carroll's opinions on sex, her insistence that women should "never never" structure their lives around men, and her compassion for letter-writers experiencing difficult life situations.[15][16] When it debuted, Amy Gross, a former editor-in-chief of Elle, compared the column to putting Carroll on a "bucking bronco", describing her responses to readers as "the cheers and whoops and hollers of a fearless woman having a good ol' time."[17] Carroll's writing style—which often incorporates humor—has been described as "quirky",[18] "cheeky,"[19][20] and "irreverent."[21][8][18]

Carroll was fired from Elle in February 2020; she wrote on Twitter that she was dismissed "because Trump ridiculed my reputation, laughed at my looks, & dragged me through the mud."[22] Elle maintained that the decision to fire Carroll was a business decision unrelated to Trump.[18]

Carroll wrote for Saturday Night Live in the mid-1980s.[8] She was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program in 1987.[23]

From 1994 through 1996, Carroll was the host and producer of the Ask E. Jean television series that aired on NBC's America's Talking—the predecessor to MSNBC.[24][8] Entertainment Weekly called Carroll "the most entertaining cable talk show host you will never see."[25] Carroll and the show were nominated for a CableACE Award in 1995.[26]

In addition to writing for magazines including The Atlantic and Vanity Fair, Carroll served as a contributing editor for Outside,[27][8][28] Esquire,[29][30][31] New York,[32] and Playboy. She was Playboy's first female contributing editor.[8]

Carroll was known for her gonzo-style first-person narratives.[33][8] She hiked into the Star Mountains with an Atbalmin tracker and a Telefomin warrior;[34] chronicled the lives of basketball groupies in a story called "Love in the Time of Magic";[30] and went to Indiana to investigate why four white farm kids were thrown out of school for dressing like black artists in "The Return of the White Negro".[31] She tracked down her old boyfriends and moved in with them and their wives[29] and went on a camping trip with Fran Lebowitz.[33] Bill Tonelli, her Esquire and Rolling Stone editor, said in a 1999 interview that all of Carroll's stories were "pretty much the same thing. Which is: 'What is this person like when he or she is in a room with E. Jean?' She's institutionally incapable of being uninteresting."[35]

Several of Carroll's pieces have been included in non-fiction anthologies such as The Best of Outside: The First 20 Years (Vintage Books, 1998), Out of the Noosphere: Adventure, Sports, Travel, and the Environment (Fireside, 1998) and Sand in My Bra: Funny Women Write from the Road (Traveler's Tales, 2003).[27] Her 2002 story for Spin, "The Cheerleaders" was selected as one of the year's "Best True Crime Reporting" pieces. It appeared in Best American Crime Writing, edited by Otto Penzler, Thomas H. Cook, and Nicholas Pileggi (Pantheon Books, 2002).[36][37]

In 1993, Carroll's biography of Hunter S. Thompson, Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, was published by Dutton. Her memoir, What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal was released in June 2019. The title refers to the 1729 satire A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift.[20] In 2019, The New York Times referred to Carroll as "feminism's answer to Hunter S. Thompson."[33]

In 2020 and 2021, for The Atlantic, Carroll wrote a series of articles that profiled several of the 25 women that have accused Trump of sexual misconduct.[38][39][40][41][42] Her profile of Jill Harth, who alleged that she had been groped by Trump, appeared in Vanity Fair in January 2021.[43] In October 2021 This American Life featured Carroll in conversation with Jessica Leeds, who also accused Trump of sexual misconduct.[44]

In 2002, Carroll co-founded greatboyfriends.com with her sister, Cande Carroll. On the site, women recommended their ex-boyfriends to each other.[45] GreatBoyfriends was acquired by The Knot Inc. in 2005. In 2004, she launched Catch27.com, a spoof of Facebook. On the site, people put their profiles on trading cards and bought, sold, and traded each other.[46] She launched an online version of her column, askejean.com, in 2007. Ten years later Carroll co-founded Tawkify, "a personal concierge for dating." She also advised Tawkify's matchmaking team.[1]

On June 21, 2019, Carroll published an article in New York magazine which stated that Donald Trump had sexually assaulted her in late 1995 or early 1996 in the Bergdorf Goodman department store in New York City. Further details of the alleged incident were published in her book What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal.[2][14][47] Carroll said that on her way out of the store she ran into Trump and he asked for help buying a gift for a woman. After suggesting a handbag or a hat, the two reputedly moved on to the lingerie section and joked about the other trying some on. Carroll said they ended up in a dressing room together, the door of which was shut, and Trump forcefully kissed her, pulled down her tights and raped her before she was able to escape. She stated that the alleged incident lasted less than three minutes.[48][49] Lisa Birnbach and Carol Martin told New York magazine that Carroll had confided in them shortly after the alleged assault.[14][2][50]

Trump denied the allegations and claimed that he had never met Carroll.[48] However, Carroll provided New York a photograph of her socializing with Trump in 1987.[14][51] Trump dismissed the photograph's significance.[48]

Carroll initially chose not to describe the alleged sexual assault as rape, instead describing it as a fight. "My word is fight. My word is not the victim word ... I fought."[52][53][54]

In November 2019, Carroll filed a defamation lawsuit with the New York Supreme Court. The suit states that Trump had damaged her reputation, substantially harmed her professionally, and caused emotional pain. Carroll stated "Decades ago, the now President of the United States raped me. When I had the courage to speak out about the attack, he defamed my character, accused me of lying for personal gain, even insulted my appearance." She stated that she was "filing this (lawsuit) on behalf of every woman who has ever been harassed, assaulted, silenced, or spoken up only to be shamed, fired, ridiculed and belittled." White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham described the suit as "frivolous" and claimed Carroll's story was fraudulent.[55]

In September 2020, government lawyers from the Department of Justice (DOJ) asserted that Trump had acted in his official capacity while responding to Carroll's accusation; they asserted that the Federal Tort Claims Act[lower-alpha 1] grants their department the right to take the case from Trump's private lawyers and move it to federal court.[56] This would end the lawsuit, as the government cannot be sued for defamation.[57] Carroll's lawyer, Roberta A. Kaplan, stated that "Trump's effort to wield the power of the U.S. government to evade responsibility for his private misconduct is without precedent."[56] In October 2020, U.S. District Court Judge Lewis Kaplan (not related) rejected the DOJ's motion, arguing that the president is not a government employee and that Trump's comments were not related to his job as such.[58] The following month, the DOJ filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.[58]

In June 2021 (during the Biden administration), the DOJ argued to the Second Circuit appeals court that DOJ lawyers should defend Trump as a federal employee.[59] On September 27, 2022, the appeals court ruled that "we cannot say what the District would do" in terms of allowing Trump to be shielded by his former office as U.S. president.[60] On October 19, Trump was deposed as a witness in the case.[57] In January 2023, the District of Columbia (D.C.) appeals court held oral arguments before a full panel of judges.[61] Trump's lawyers argued that his comments fell within the scope of his employment, while some judges pointed out that D.C. law holds employers responsible when their employees cause individuals harm in the scope of their employment but not otherwise.[62][63]

On November 24, 2022, Carroll sued Trump for battery in New York under the Adult Survivors Act, a law passed the previous May that briefly allows sexual assault victims to file civil suits regardless of expired statutes of limitations.[64] Carroll made a renewed claim of defamation, citing statements Trump made in October.[65][66] In February 2023, Kaplan scheduled the trial date for April 25.[49][67]

On April 13, 2023, Carroll disclosed that part of her legal expenses were funded by Reid Hoffman, a co-founder of LinkedIn, venture capitalist, and donor to the Democratic Party.[68]

On May 9, 2023, a jury of six men and three women found Trump liable for sexual assault, battery and defamation. On the issue of rape, the jury found that Carroll did not prove that Trump had raped her.[69] Carroll was awarded $5 million in damages.[5] Following the verdict, during a "Town Hall" on CNN, Trump repeated that Carroll's narrative was a 'fake,’ ‘made up story’ invented by a ‘whack job.’ [70] He filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals on May 11. [71]

On May 23, seeking $10 million in additional damages, Carroll asked the court to expand the 2019 defamation lawsuit to include Trump's post-verdict remarks on CNN and Truth Social. [72] The court granted the motion and the second defamation trial was scheduled for January 15, 2024.[73] In September 2023, Judge Kaplan issued a summary judgment in Carroll's favor, stating that the facts established by the trial jury were indisputable, so that only the amount of damages remains to be determined at the January 2024 trial.[74]

In June 2023, Trump counter-sued Carroll for defamation after she told CNN "yes he did" rape her in response to a question about the jury not finding him liable for that offense. Federal judge Lewis Kaplan dismissed the lawsuit in August, ruling that Carroll's rape claim against Trump was substantially true.[75]

Carroll was one of 13 women who accused CBS Corporation executive Les Moonves of sexual assault in 2019. She says the incident occurred in the late 1990s in a hotel elevator after interviewing Moonves for a story; he denied the allegation.[2]