Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland in 1606 for Patrick Lyon. In 1677, the designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne". A second earldom was bestowed on the 14th Earl in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937, leading to him being titled as the 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Argent a Lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second (for Lyon); 3rd and 4th, Ermine three Bows strings palewise proper (for Bowes); as a Royal Augmentation, granted to the holder of the Earldom only, an Inescutcheon en surtout Azure thereon a Rose Argent barbed Vert seeded Or ensigned with an Imperial Crown proper within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second, the said Inescutcheon ensigned with an Earl's Coronet proper.
Creation date1606 (Scottish title)
1937 (British title)
PeeragePeerage of Scotland (1606)
Peerage of the United Kingdom (1937)
First holderPatrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne
Present holderSimon Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Heir presumptiveThe Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon
Subsidiary titlesViscount Lyon
Lord Lyon and Glamis
Lord Glamis
Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie
Baron Bowes
Seat(s)Glamis Castle
Former seat(s)Gibside
Streatlam Castle
St Paul's Walden Bury
MottoIn Te Domine Speravi ("In Thee, O Lord, have I put my trust")

Aside from the earldoms, the Earl holds the subsidiary titles: Viscount Lyon (created 1677), Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie (1677), Lord Lyon and Glamis (1606), Lord Glamis (1445) and Baron Bowes (1887) of Streatlam Castle, in the County of Durham, and of Lunedale, in the County of York. An earlier creation of Baron Bowes (1815), in favour of the 10th Earl became extinct on his death in 1821. The first three are in the Peerage of Scotland; the last two in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The eldest son of the earl uses Lord Glamis as a courtesy title. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case Viscount Lyon) would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the officer of arms, Lord Lyon King of Arms.[1] The earl is also Chief of Clan Lyon.

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1900–2002) was the daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the sister of the 15th Earl.

The family seat is Glamis Castle, in Angus, Scotland. Other family seats were Gibside, near Burnopfield, County Durham and Streatlam Castle, near Barnard Castle in County Durham. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of Glamis parish church.[2]

History

The established history of Clan Lyon states that the family is of French origin, with the original name de Leonne, but James Balfour Paul, in his Scots Peerage, states that the family is likely of Celtic origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the thanages of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in Gaelic.[3]

The first recorded family member, John Lyon, Lord of Glamis, was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1371 on the accession of Robert II. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since.[3]

Thanes of Glamis (1372)

Masters of Glamis
  • John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis (died 1435)

Lord Glamis (1445)

Earls of Kinghorne (1606)

Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)

The heir presumptive is the current holder's younger brother, The Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988).

Arms
Coat of arms of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Crest
Between two Slips of Laurel a Demi Lady to the girdle habited and holding in her right hand a Thistle all prope.
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st and 4th, Argent a Lion rampant Azure armed and langued Gules within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second (for Lyon); 3rd and 4th, Ermine three Bows strings palewise proper (for Bowes); as a Royal Augmentation, granted to the holder of the Earldom only, an Inescutcheon en surtout Azure thereon a Rose Argent barbed Vert seeded Or ensigned with an Imperial Crown proper within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the second, the said Inescutcheon ensigned with an Earl's Coronet proper.
Supporters
On the dexter side an Unicorn Argent armed unguled maned and tufted Or, and on the sinister side a Lion per fess Or and Gules.
Motto
In Te Domine Speravi (In Thee, O Lord, have I put my trust)
Symbolism
The Arms of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne are famous for being canting as they represent the name of the holders of the title: Bowes-Lyon in that they feature bows and lions.

See also

References
  1. "Will the real Lord Lyon please stand up!" (PDF). The Armorial Register Newsletter. The Armorial Register Ltd. 1 (3): 1. November 2006. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  2. Neale, John Preston; Moule, Thomas (1822). Views of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Sherwood, Jones and Company. p. 279. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  3. Balfour Paul, Sir James (1904). The Scots Peerage. Vol. XIII. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 262–268.
  4. "18th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon". The Courier (Dundee). 29 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
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