Duke of Abercorn

The title Duke of Abercorn (/ˈævərkɔːrn/) is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn. Although the Dukedom is in the Peerage of Ireland, it refers to Abercorn, West Lothian, and the Duke also bears four titles in Peerage of Scotland and two in the Peerage of Great Britain, and is one of only three peers who have titles in those three peerages. The Duke of Abercorn also claims the French title of Duke of Châtellerault, created in 1548.[1][2]

Dukedom of Abercorn

Arms of Duke of Abercorn: Quarterly: 1st & 4th, gules three cinquefoils pierced ermine (for Hamilton); 2nd & 3rd, argent, Argent, a lymphad with the sails furled proper, and oars in action sable (for Arran) in the point of honour and over all, an inescutcheon azure with charged three fleur-de-lys or, and surmounted by a French ducal coronet (for Châtellerault)[1]
Creation date10 August 1868
Created byVictoria
PeeragePeerage of Ireland
First holderJames Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn
Present holderJames Hamilton, 5th Duke
Heir apparentJames Hamilton, Marquess of Hamilton[1]
Remainder toThe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titles
  • Marquess of Abercorn
  • Marquess of Hamilton (Great Britain)
  • Earl of Abercorn (Scotland)
  • Viscount Strabane
  • Viscount Hamilton (Great Britain)
  • Lord Paisley (Scotland)
  • Lord of Abercorn (Scotland)
  • Lord of Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcastell and Kilpatrick (Scotland)
  • Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane
  • Baron Mountcastle
  • Baronet Hamilton of Dunalong
Seat(s)Baronscourt[1]
MottoSola Nobilitas Virtus ("The only nobility is virtue")[1]

History

In acknowledgement of his loyalty, James VI of Scotland (James I of England), conferred on the Hon. Claud Hamilton, third son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, the title Lord Paisley. His son James Hamilton was created Lord Abercorn on 5 April 1603, then on 10 July 1606 he was made Earl of Abercorn and Lord of Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcastell and Kilpatrick.

His successor, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn, was additionally created Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane, in the Peerage of Ireland, on 8 May 1617. He resigned this dignity to his younger brother in 1633; the brother's heirs inherited the Earldom and other titles in 1680, in the person of Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn. He was attainted in Ireland in 1691, and the Barony of Strabane forfeited, but his brother Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn, obtained a reversal of the attainder and recovered in 1692.[1]

The 6th earl was at his accession an Irish baronet, "of Dunalong in the County of Tyrone, and of Nenagh in the County of Tipperary" (1660). He was additionally created Baron Mountcastle and Viscount Strabane, in the Peerage of Ireland, on 2 September 1701. The 7th earl became the first of the Earls of Abercorn to be invested a Privy Counsellor, having been appointed to both the English and Irish Privy Councils. The 8th earl was created Viscount Hamilton, of Hamilton, in the Peerage of Great Britain on 24 August 1786. He was succeeded by his nephew, who was created Marquess of Abercorn in the Peerage of Great Britain on 15 October 1790, after having sat in the House of Commons as MP for East Looe and for St Germans. He was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1805.[1]

The 2nd Marquess, who had been given the Garter in 1844, served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1866 to 1868 (and again from 1874 to 1876); and on 10 August 1868, during his first term, he was created Marquess of Hamilton, of Strabane, and Duke of Abercorn (in the Peerage of Ireland). His successor, the 2nd Duke, continued the family tradition by being awarded the Garter in 1892; the 3rd Duke served as MP for Londonderry and as Governor of Northern Ireland, along with being created a Knight of St Patrick and given the Garter. Currently, the holder of the Dukedom is James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn, also a Knight of the Garter.

Of the subsidiary titles above, Marquess of Hamilton is the courtesy title of the heir apparent, and Viscount Strabane that of his heir-apparent.[1]

The Dukes of Abercorn also claim the French title of Duc de Châtellerault, as heirs-male of the 2nd Earl of Arran, who was granted the title in 1548 by Henry II of France. Additionally, since the death of William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, in 1651, the Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Abercorn have been the rightful claimants to the peerage dignities of Earl of Arran (of the 1503 creation) and Lord Hamilton (of the 1445 creation), both in the Peerage of Scotland, as the most senior heirs-male of James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault, and this title is reflected in their coat of arms, with an inescutcheon of three fleurs-de-lys and a French ducal crown.[1][3]

Diana, Princess of Wales, was a great-granddaughter of the 3rd Duke of Abercorn.

The family seat is Baronscourt (usually known locally as Baronscourt Castle), a neo-Classical country house on the Barons Court Estate near Newtownstewart, Omagh, a village near Strabane, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Abercorn and their families is the cemetery at Baronscourt Parish Church.[1][4]

List of titleholders

Lords Paisley (1587)
  • Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley (1543–1621) was a Scottish politician
    • The 1st Earl of Abercorn was the 1st Lord's eldest son. He predeceased his father
  • James Hamilton, 2nd Lord Paisley was already 2nd Earl of Abercorn

Earls of Abercorn (1606)
Other titles: Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603) and Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606)
Other titles (2nd Earl onwards): Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587)
Other titles (2nd Earl): Baron Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, res. 1633)
Other titles (4th Earl): Baron Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, suc. 1668, att. 1691)
Other titles (5th Earl onwards): Baron Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, rest. 1692)
Other titles (7th Earl onwards): Viscount Strabane and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)
Other tiles (8th Earl onwards): Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786)

Marquesses of Abercorn (1790)
Other titles: Earl of Abercorn (Sc 1606), Viscount Strabane (Ir 1701), Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786), Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587), Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603), Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606), Lord Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617) and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)

Dukes of Abercorn (1868)
Other titles: Marquess of Abercorn (GB 1790), Marquess of Hamilton, of Strabane in the county of Tyrone (1868), Earl of Abercorn (Sc 1606), Viscount Strabane (Ir 1701), Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786), Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587), Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603), Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606), Lord Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617) and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)

Line of succession
Line of succession[5][6]

Family tree

See also

References
  1. Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 4–7. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
  2. Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. Burke's Peerage Limited. 1914. p. 54. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  3. McAndrew, Bruce A. (2006). Scotland's Historic Heraldry. Boydell Press. p. 510. ISBN 9781843832614. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  4. Baronscourt Parish Church
  5. Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Abercorn, Duke of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's. pp. 1939–1945. ISBN 978-1-9997-6705-1.
  6. Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999). "Abercorn". Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Vol. 1 (106th ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books). pp. 3–6. ISBN 2-9400-8502-1.
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