East Brazilian chachalaca

The East Brazilian chachalaca (Ortalis araucuan) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.[2]

East Brazilian chachalaca
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Cracidae
Genus: Ortalis
Species:
O. araucuan
Binomial name
Ortalis araucuan
(Spix, 1825)

Taxonomy and systematics

The East Brazilian chachalaca was considered a subspecies of the speckled chachalaca (Ortalis guttata). It has also been treated as conspecific with little chachalaca (O. motmot) and buff-browed chachalaca (O. superciliaris).[3][4] It is monotypic.[2]

Description

The East Brazilian chachalaca is about 50 cm (1.6 ft) long. It has a dull rufous crown and nape, brown upperparts, and a reddish rump. Its gular patch is red. The lower throat and breast are dark brownish with whitish (female) or buffy (male) spots; the rest of the underparts are white except for the ochre vent. Its dark brown eye is surrounded by bare slate blue skin.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The East Brazilian chachalaca is found in a fairly narrow strip of far eastern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Norte south into Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais. Its primary habitat is the Atlantic Forest but also includes secondary forest, caatinga, and restinga landscapes.[4]

Behavior

Feeding

The East Brazilian chachalaca forages in flocks of up to about seven birds. Its diet has not been detailed but is known to be primarily fruits.[4]

Breeding

Very little is known about the East Brazilian chachalaca's breeding phenology. One nest was a shallow bowl made of twigs and leaves, but unlined, and sited in dense foliage about 3.2 m (10 ft) up in a tree. It contained three eggs.[4]

Vocalization

The East Brazilian chachalaca's song is "a repeated 're-a-tok'" that is easily distinguished from the five-syllable song of the speckled chachalaca.[4]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the East Brazilian chachalaca as being of Least Concern.[1] Though its population has not been quantified, the species is generally considered common and the number stable. It appears to tolerate human activity and human-altered habitat but does face some pressure from habitat destruction and hunting.[4]

References
  1. BirdLife International (2017). "East Brazilian Chachalaca Ortalis araucuan". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  2. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  3. Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
  4. del Hoyo, J., N. Collar, D. A. Christie, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). East Brazilian Chachalaca (Ortalis araucuan), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.specha2.01 retrieved September 30, 2021
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