Ebensee
Ebensee am Traunsee (Austrian German: [ˈeːbn̩ˌseː am ˈtʁaʊ̯nˌseː]) (Central Bavarian: Emsee) is a market town in the Traunviertel region of the Austrian state of Upper Austria, located within the Salzkammergut Mountains at the southern end of the Traunsee. The regional capital Linz lies approximately 90 km (56 mi) to the north, nearest towns are Gmunden and Bad Ischl. The municipality also comprises the Katastralgemeinden of Langwies, Oberlangbath, Rindbach, Kohlstatt and Roith.
Ebensee am Traunsee
Emsee | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Ebensee am Traunsee Location within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°48′30″N 13°46′30″E | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | Gmunden |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Barbara Promberger (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 194.69 km2 (75.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 443 m (1,453 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
| • Total | 7,717 |
| • Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4802 |
| Area code | 06133 |
| Vehicle registration | GM |
| Website | www.ebensee.at |
History
With the Traunviertel, Ebensee since 1180 belonged to the Duchy of Styria held by the House of Babenberg from 1192, until in 1254 King Ottokar II of Bohemia finally allocated it to his Austrian duchy. Ebensee itself was first mentioned in a 1447 deed.
From 1596 on Emperor Rudolf II had a salt evaporation pond erected near the settlement, supplied with brine being delivered via a 40 km (25 mi) long pipeline from the salt mines around Hallstatt. Ebensee therefore was the primary production centre for salt in Austria. Historically, the site was chosen because of the rich forests, whose wood was used to boil the salt out of the brine. In 1883 the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay established soda works of the Solvay company at Ebensee. Although a former industrial center in the larger Salzkammergut region, it has recently fallen on bad fortunes with the closure of some of the larger factories.
Nazi concentration camp
In 1943, the SS established Ebensee concentration camp (codename "Zement") near the town, a planned emergency location for the Peenemünde research centre after the RAF Operation Hydra attack. It was part of the Mauthausen network. Slave laborers were worked to death digging tunnels for armaments storage. The camp was liberated by American soldiers in May 1945. Due to the extremely high death rates, Ebensee is considered one of the most horrific Nazi concentration camps.
Used as a Displaced Persons camp after the war, the area is today site of a memorial and a museum.
Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 10,327 | — |
| 1991 | 8,800 | −14.8% |
| 2001 | 8,451 | −4.0% |
| 2011 | 7,817 | −7.5% |
| 2021 | 7,597 | −2.8% |
| 2022 | 7,515 | −1.1% |
Politics
Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2021 elections:
- Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 16
- Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 6
- Citizens' List for Ebensee (BÜFE): 11
- Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 4
Tourism
Ebensee is surrounded by three picturesque lakes, the Traunsee, the Offensee and the Langbathsee. The Traunsee is large enough to be used for boating, while the other two lakes are smaller, surrounded by mountains, and used only for bathing; both are protected natural areas. On the shore of the Langbathsee is a 19th-century hunting lodge erected at the behest of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.
Since 1927 an aerial tramway built by the Bleichert engineering company runs up to the summit of the Feuerkogel mountain. Other tourist attractions include the Gasselhöhle show cave and a small skiing area with about ten lifts.
Parts of the 1968 Where Eagles Dare film were shot in the Ebensee area.
Climate
Feuerkogel is a nearby mountain peak with a weather station on it.
| Climate data for Feuerkogel: 1618m (1991−2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.7 (72.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
0.8 (33.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
4.5 (40.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.3 (22.5) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
3.9 (39.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
1.5 (34.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−20.6 (−5.1) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 138.2 (5.44) |
110.9 (4.37) |
151.2 (5.95) |
105.2 (4.14) |
171.6 (6.76) |
201.7 (7.94) |
230.8 (9.09) |
202.8 (7.98) |
175.6 (6.91) |
130.2 (5.13) |
126.3 (4.97) |
144.7 (5.70) |
1,889.2 (74.38) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 115.5 (45.5) |
108.5 (42.7) |
118.7 (46.7) |
65.6 (25.8) |
20.7 (8.1) |
1.4 (0.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.2) |
9.0 (3.5) |
30.5 (12.0) |
73.8 (29.1) |
109.7 (43.2) |
654 (257.4) |
| Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[3] | |||||||||||||
Twin towns – sister cities
Notable people
- Frederick Katzer (1844–1903), Bishop of Green Bay
References
- "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- "Klimamittelwerte 1991-2020" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- "Partnerschaft Prato" (in German). Ebensee. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
- "Partnerschaft Zawiercie" (in German). Ebensee am Traunsee. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
External links
Media related to Ebensee at Wikimedia Commons