Ecdysteroid

Ecdysteroids are arthropod steroid hormones that are mainly responsible for molting, development and, to a lesser extent, reproduction;[1][2][3] examples of ecdysteroids include ecdysone, ecdysterone, turkesterone and 2-deoxyecdysone.[4] These compounds are synthesized in arthropods from dietary cholesterol upon metabolism by the Halloween family of cytochrome P450s.[5] Phytoecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agents (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivore insects.[6][7]

Chemical structure of the ecdysteroid ecdysone

Ecdysterone has been tested on mammals due to the interest in its potential hypertrophic effect. It has been found to increase hypertrophy in rats at a similar level to some anabolic androgenic steroids and SARM S 1.[8] This is proposed to be through increase of Calcium leading to activation of Akt and protein synthesis in skeletal muscles.[9]

See also
  • Ecdybase, The Ecdysone Handbook - a free online ecdysteroids database

References
  1. de Loof A (2006). "Ecdysteroids: the overlooked sex steroids of insects? Males: the black box". Insect Science. 13 (5): 325–338. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2006.00101.x. S2CID 221810929.
  2. Krishnakumaran A, Schneiderman HA (December 1970). "Control of molting in mandibulate and chelicerate arthropods by ecdysones". The Biological Bulletin. 139 (3): 520–538. doi:10.2307/1540371. JSTOR 1540371. PMID 5494238.
  3. Margam VM, Gelman DB, Palli SR (June 2006). "Ecdysteroid titers and developmental expression of ecdysteroid-regulated genes during metamorphosis of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)". Journal of Insect Physiology. 52 (6): 558–568. doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.02.003. PMID 16580015.
  4. "Ecdysteroids Information". Examine.com. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  5. Mykles DL (November 2011). "Ecdysteroid metabolism in crustaceans". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 127 (3–5): 196–203. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.09.001. PMID 20837145. S2CID 23942645.
  6. Dinan L (June 2001). "Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects". Phytochemistry. 57 (3): 325–339. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00078-4. PMID 11393511.
  7. Dinan L, Savchenko T, Whiting P (July 2001). "On the distribution of phytoecdysteroids in plants". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 58 (8): 1121–1132. doi:10.1007/PL00000926. PMID 11529504. S2CID 8496934.
  8. Parr MK, Botrè F, Naß A, Hengevoss J, Diel P, Wolber G (June 2015). "Ecdysteroids: A novel class of anabolic agents?". Biology of Sport. 32 (2): 169–173. doi:10.5604/20831862.1144420. PMC 4447764. PMID 26060342.
  9. Gorelick-Feldman J, Cohick W, Raskin I (October 2010). "Ecdysteroids elicit a rapid Ca2+ flux leading to Akt activation and increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells". Steroids. 75 (10): 632–637. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2010.03.008. PMC 3815456. PMID 20363237.


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