Echinaster luzonicus

Echinaster luzonicus, the Luzon sea star,[2] is a species of starfish in the family Echinasteridae,[1] found in shallow parts of the western Indo-Pacific region. It sometimes lives symbiotically with a copepod or a comb jelly, and is prone to shed its arms, which then regenerate into new individuals.

Luzon sea star
Coeloplana astericola on Echinaster luzonicus.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Spinulosida
Family: Echinasteridae
Genus: Echinaster
Species:
E. luzonicus
Binomial name
Echinaster luzonicus
(Gray, 1840) [1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Echinaster affinis Perrier, 1869
  • Echinaster eridanella Muller & Troschel, 1842
  • Echinaster multipapillatus Hoffman in Rowe, 1974
  • Henricia multipapillata (Hoffman, 1874)
  • Othilia eridanella (Muller & Troschel, 1942)
  • Othilia luzonica Gray, 1840

Description

Echinaster luzonicus is normally a six-armed starfish but is often rather asymmetrical in appearance because of its habit of shedding arms. It is somewhat variable in colouring, ranging from red to dark brown. Both these colour morphs were collected off Heron Island in the Great Barrier Reef, and individuals seemed able to change their colour from red to brown and back again, possibly as a response to the amount of ambient light they received.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Echinaster luzonicus is found in the tropical and sub-tropical western Indo-Pacific region. Its range extending from Madagascar and the east coast of Africa to Northern Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines. A common species, it is found on both reef crests and in the intertidal zone.[3]

Ecology

Echinaster luzonicus feeds on bacterial and algal films that it extracts from the sediment.[4] This species is unique in its genus in that it reproduces asexually by autotomizing its arms; the shed arm then regenerates, growing a new disc and further arms.[5] This species has not been recorded breeding in any other way.[5]

A species of copepod, lives symbiotically on the oral (under) surface of Echinaster luzonicus; it is so cryptically coloured as to be almost indistinguishable from its host.[6] Another associate of this starfish is the comb jelly, Coeloplana astericola, which grows in abundance on its aboral (upper) surface.[7] Three symbionts recorded on E. luzonicus was the ectoparasitic snail Melanella martinii (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1854), followed by the pontoniine shrimp Zenopontonia soror (Nobili, 1904) and the polychaete scaleworm Asterophilia carlae Hanley, 1989 in the waters of a volcanic island. [8]

Research

A novel cyclic steroid glycoside has been isolated from the tissues of Echinaster luzonicus and has been named luzonicoside A.[9] Four further cyclic glycosides containing carbohydrate fragments have since been named luzonicosides B to E; luzonicoside F, another glycoside, is an open carbohydrate chain steroid. These metabolites exhibit varying degrees of lysosomal activity.[10]

References
  1. Mah, Christopher (2018). Mah CL (ed.). "Echinaster luzonicus (Gray, 1840)". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  2. "Echinaster luzonicus: Luzon sea star". EoL. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  3. Jackson, Ellen (2012). "Echinaster luzonicus (Gray, 1840)". Invertebrates of the Coral Sea. University of Queensland. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  4. Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
  5. Lawrence, John M. (2013). Starfish: Biology and Ecology of the Asteroidea. JHU Press. pp. 208–209. ISBN 978-1-4214-0787-6.
  6. O'Hara, Timothy; Byrne, Maria (2017). Australian Echinoderms: Biology, Ecology and Evolution. Csiro Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4863-0763-0.
  7. Barel, C.D.N.; Kramers, P.G.N. (1977). "A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area". Zoologische Verhandelingen. 156: 1–159 [4].
  8. Tseng, Li-Chun; Limviriyakul, Parinya; Hwang, Jiang-Shiou (2022-11-30). Yang, Wan-Xi (ed.). "Macrosymbionts of starfish Echinaster luzonicus (Gray, 1840) in the waters of a volcanic western Pacific island". PLOS ONE. 17 (11): e0278288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278288. ISSN 1932-6203.
  9. Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. p. 142. ISBN 978-3-7091-9250-4.
  10. Kicha, Alla A.; Kalinovsky, Anatoly I.; Malyarenko, Timofey V.; Ivanchina, Natalia V.; Dmitrenok, Pavel S.; Menchinskaya, Ekaterina S.; Yurchenko, Ekaterina A.; Pislyagin, Evgeny A.; Aminin, Dmitry L.; Huong, Trinh T.T.; Long, Pham Quoc; Stonik, Valentin A. (2015). "Cyclic Steroid Glycosides from the Starfish Echinaster luzonicus: Structures and Immunomodulatory Activities". Journal of Natural Products. 78 (6): 1397–1405. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00332. PMID 26068600.
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