Edmund Roßmann

Edmund "Paule" Roßmann (11 January 1918 – 4 April 2005) was a Nazi Germany Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II. He was credited with 93 aerial victories achieved in 640 combat missions, among the numerous ground attack missions. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] He is also noted as being an early mentor of Erich Hartmann, history's leading fighter ace.

Edmund Roßmann
Roßmann as a Feldwebel
Nickname(s)"Paule"
Born(1918-01-11)11 January 1918
Caaschwitz, Principality of Reuss-Gera
Died4 April 2005(2005-04-04) (aged 87)
Krefeld
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branchBalkenkreuz (Iron Cross) Luftwaffe
RankLeutnant (second lieutenant)
UnitJG 52, EJGr Ost
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Career

Unteroffizier "Paule" Roßmann was transferred to 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on 1 March 1940. At the time, 7. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Herbert Ferner. The Staffel was subordinated to III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 52 headed by Major Wolf-Heinrich von Houwald.[2] The Gruppe had been formed on 1 March 1940 at Strausberg and was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 and E-3. On 6 April, the Gruppe was moved to Mannheim-Sandhofen Airfield where it was placed under the control of the Stab (headquarter unit) of Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53–53rd Fighter Wing).[3] On 1 July, III. Gruppe transferred from Jever Airfield to Werneuchen.[4] According to Mathews and Foreman, Roßmann filed claim for an unconfirmed aerial victory over an unknown type of aircraft that day.[5] This claim is not listed by Barbas nor by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[6][7]

Roßmann participated in the Battle of France and Battle of Britain. He was credited with six aerial victories in the western theatre.

In defense of Germany's southeastern borders, with its primary objective defending the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești, Romania, the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) was created. On 15 October, the Stab and 9. Staffel of III. Gruppe of JG 52 were sent to Bucharest Pipera Airfield, followed by 7. And 8. Staffel in late November. There, the III. Gruppe of JG 52 temporarily became the I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 28 (JG 28—28th Fighter Wing). On 4 January 1941, the Gruppe again became the III. Gruppe of JG 52. On 25 May, III. Gruppe was sent to Greece where it was subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) and fought in the Battle of Crete.[8]

War against the Soviet Union

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was back in Bucharest by mid-June.[9] There, the unit was again subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien and reequipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109 F-4 model. On 21 June, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești.[10] Prior to the invasion, Major Gotthard Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).[11] The invasion of the Soviet Union began on 22 June. The next day, the Gruppe moved to Mamaia, the northern district of Constanța on the Black Sea coast.[12]

Roßmann received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 17 November.[13] By the end of 1941 he had accumulated 32 aerial victories. On 19 March 1942, Roßmann and fellow JG 52 pilot Leutnant Adolf Dickfeld were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[14] From March to June 1942, he was posted to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (Supplementary Fighter Group, East) as fighter pilot instructor and returned to his Staffel afterwards. Nevertheless, he almost doubled his score by the end of 1942 and claimed his 80th victory on 29 November 1942. At the time, he was an early mentor of Erich Hartmann, history's leading fighter ace.[15]

On 9 July 1943, Roßmann attempted to rescue Feldwebel Ernst Lohberg who had crash landed behind enemy lines, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) west of Oboyan. Roßmann successfully landed his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 20154—factory number) next to Lohberg's aircraft. At this moment, the Soviet infantry arrived, while Lohberg was shot, Roßmann was taken prisoner of war.[16][17]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Roßmann was credited with 93 aerial victories.[18] Spick also lists Roßmann with 93 aerial victories claimed in approximately 640 combat missions. This figure includes 87 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and further six victories over the Western Allies.[19] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 93 aerial victory claims, plus six further unconfirmed claims. All of his confirmed aerialvitories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[20]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 44457". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[21]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Roßmann did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[5]
Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June – 1 August 1940
—
?[Note 1]		 1 July 1940
—
 unknown[5]
—
 24 July 1940
—
 Spitfire northeast of Margate[7]
—
 21 July 1940
—
 Swordfish English Channel[7]
—
 25 July 1940
—
 Bréguet 690 40 km (25 mi) east of Margate[7]
—
?[Note 1]		 21 July 1940
—
 unknown Strait of Dover[5]
—
?[Note 1]		 29 July 1940
—
 Spitfire Dover[5]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[22]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 25 June 1941 17:40 DB-3 southeast of Constanța[23] 16 17 September 1941 10:30 I-16 Brovary[24]
2 8 July 1941 15:56?[Note 2] DB-3 northeast of Mamaia[25] 17 2 October 1941 08:25 I-26 (Yak-1) east of Poltava[26]
3 8 July 1941 16:00 DB-3 northeast of Mamaia[25] 18 3 October 1941 17:10 R-10 (Seversky) north of Karjap[26]
4 8 July 1941 16:03 DB-3 northeast of Mamaia[25] 19 4 October 1941 12:10 ground-attack aircraft (Seversky) south of Covaci[26]
5 4 August 1941 05:55 I-16[25] 20 14 October 1941 16:30 I-26 (Yak-1)[27]
6 4 August 1941 14:35 I-18 (MiG-1)[28] 21 14 October 1941 16:50 I-16[27]
7 7 August 1941 06:15 I-16[28] 22 17 October 1941 07:21 I-26 (Yak-1)[27]
8 7 August 1941 06:40 DB-3[28] 23 24 October 1941 12:45 I-15 Chaplynka[29]
9 11 August 1941 09:29 I-18 (MiG-1)[28] 24 24 October 1941 12:50 I-61 (MiG-3) Chaplynka[29]
10 26 August 1941 10:40 I-16[24] 25 25 October 1941 11:45 I-16[29]
11 1 September 1941 11:16 I-17 (MiG-1)[24] 26 31 October 1941 15:32 I-61 (MiG-3)[30]
12 7 September 1941 09:25 I-16 Stschastliwaja[24] 27 9 November 1941 11:21 V-11 (Il-2)[30]
13 7 September 1941 09:30 I-17 (MiG-1)[24] 28 16 November 1941 13:31 I-26 (Yak-1)[31]
14 7 September 1941 11:41 DB-3[24] 29 28 November 1941 12:53 I-61 (MiG-3)[31]
15 13 September 1941 12:45?[Note 3] I-17 (MiG-1) 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Dnepropetrovsk[24]
3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of Dnepropetrovsk		 30 2 December 1941 08:10 I-16[31]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[32]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
31 8 December 1941 09:12 I-16[33] 39 17 February 1942 08:02 I-61 (MiG-3)[34]
32 11 December 1941 10:47 V-11 (Il-2)[33] 40 17 February 1942 10:32 I-61 (MiG-3)[34]
33 4 January 1942 13:03 LaGG-3[35] 41 17 February 1942 10:36 I-16[34]
34 5 January 1942 12:00 DB-3[35] 42 18 February 1942 16:09 I-61 (MiG-3)[34] 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Belgorod
35 7 January 1942 09:30 DB-3 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Karankut[35] 43 22 February 1942 15:36 I-61 (MiG-3)[36]
36 15 January 1942 10:25 DB-3 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Karankut[37] 44 16 March 1942 10:31 I-16[36]
37 15 January 1942 14:50 DB-3[37] 45 16 March 1942 11:47 Il-2[36]
38 17 February 1942 07:59 Su-2 (Seversky)[34]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[32]
Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943
46 13 June 1942 16:15 LaGG-3[38] 65 6 September 1942 14:47 LaGG-3 PQ 44457[39]
vicinity of Mozdok
47 23 June 1942 16:35 MiG-1[38] 66 6 September 1942 16:50 I-16 PQ 4444[39]
48 23 June 1942 16:37 Hurricane PQ 70332[38]
vicinity of Shevchenkovo		 67 7 September 1942 12:05 I-16 PQ 44474[39]
49 21 July 1942 15:20 I-16 PQ 98821[40]
vicinity of Rostov		 68 8 September 1942 13:50?[Note 4] LaGG-3 PQ 44472[39]
south of Mozdok
50 23 July 1942 07:15 I-16[40] 69 8 September 1942 13:51 LaGG-3 PQ 44443, north of Georgjewsk[39]
51 24 July 1942 06:28 I-16[40] 70 13 September 1942 09:35 LaGG-3 PQ 44362[41]
52 24 July 1942 09:50 LaGG-3[40] 71 19 September 1942 16:38 LaGG-3 PQ 54351[42]
53 23 August 1942 05:35 I-16 PQ 44251[43] 72 29 September 1942 10:40 I-16 PQ 44533, south of Nizhniy Kurp[44]
54 23 August 1942 05:37 I-153?[Note 5] PQ 44213[43] 73 9 October 1942 09:07 I-16 PQ 44484[44]
55 23 August 1942 16:35 LaGG-3 PQ 44281[43] 74 9 October 1942 13:25 LaGG-3 PQ 44623[44]
vicinity of Malgobek
56 24 August 1942 11:45 Il-2?[Note 6] PQ 44374[43] 75 15 October 1942 09:30 LaGG-3 PQ 44453[44]
south of Mozdok
57 26 August 1942 17:23 LaGG-3 PQ 44471[43]
south of Mozdok		 76 29 October 1942 10:15 LaGG-3 PQ 44551[45]
southwest of Daiskoje
58 28 August 1942 14:16 LaGG-3 PQ 44454[46]
south of Mozdok		 77 29 October 1942 13:35 LaGG-3 PQ 34694[45]
59 30 August 1942 09:57 I-16 PQ 54213[46]
vicinity of Volkenskoje		 78 6 November 1942 08:15 I-16 PQ 44857[47]
60 30 August 1942 09:59 LaGG-3 PQ 54373[46] 79 6 November 1942 11:34 LaGG-3 PQ 44764[47]
61 30 August 1942 10:01 LaGG-3 PQ 54342[46]
vicinity of Beketowka		 80 29 November 1942 05:47 R-5 PQ 44793[48]
62 30 August 1942 11:23 LaGG-3 PQ 54371[46]
vicinity of Kalinowskaja		 81 8 December 1942 09:54 LaGG-3 PQ 44567[48]
63 5 September 1942 11:00?[Note 7] LaGG-3 PQ 54454[49]
vicinity of Wosnessnokaja		 82 8 December 1942 10:00 Il-2 PQ 44551[48]
west of Elkhotovo
64 6 September 1942 07:35 I-16 PQ 44453[49]
south of Mozdok
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[50]
Eastern Front — 3 February – 9 July 1943
83 28 March 1943 05:40 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 86571[51]
northwest of Sslaeanskaja		 89 5 July 1943 03:55 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61442[52]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Belgorod
84 30 April 1943 08:30 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85173[53]
southwest of Krymsk		 90 5 July 1943 18:09 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61652[52]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Vovchansk
85 30 April 1943 08:32 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85174[53]
east of Krymsk		 91 5 July 1943 18:12 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 61652[52]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Vovchansk
86 6 May 1943 16:47 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 76693[54]
west of Slavyansk-na-Kubani		 92 6 July 1943 10:30 Il-2 m.H.[Note 8] PQ 35 Ost 61652[52]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Vovchansk
87 31 May 1943 09:55 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 75232, north of Krymskaya[55] 93 7 July 1943 04:58 Il-2 m.H.[Note 8] PQ 35 Ost 61634[56]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Vovchansk
88 31 May 1943 14:11 Pe-2 PQ 34 Ost 75232, north of Krymskaya[55]

Awards

Notes
  1. This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[7]
  2. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:55.[5]
  3. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:40.[5]
  4. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:49.[32]
  5. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.[32]
  6. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Seversky Aircraft Company aircraft.[32]
  7. According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:09.[32]
  8. The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  9. According to Obermaier on 6 November 1941.[58]

References

Citations
  1. Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. Prien et al. 2001, p. 348.
  3. Prien et al. 2001, p. 347.
  4. Barbas 2010, p. 17.
  5. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1060.
  6. Barbas 2010, p. 326.
  7. Prien et al. 2002, p. 172.
  8. Prien et al. 2003a, p. 226.
  9. Weal 2004, p. 56.
  10. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 53.
  11. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 65.
  12. Barbas 2010, p. 60.
  13. Barbas 2010, p. 284.
  14. Weal 2004, p. 71.
  15. Schreier 1990, p. 182.
  16. Prien et al. 2012, p. 497.
  17. Page 2020, p. 19.
  18. Zabecki 2014, p. 1614.
  19. Spick 1996, p. 234.
  20. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1060–1062.
  21. Planquadrat.
  22. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1060–1061.
  23. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 68.
  24. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 71.
  25. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 69.
  26. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 72.
  27. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 74.
  28. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 70.
  29. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 75.
  30. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 76.
  31. Prien et al. 2003b, p. 77.
  32. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1061.
  33. Prien et al. 2005, p. 153.
  34. Prien et al. 2005, p. 156.
  35. Prien et al. 2005, p. 154.
  36. Prien et al. 2005, p. 157.
  37. Prien et al. 2005, p. 155.
  38. Prien et al. 2006, p. 549.
  39. Prien et al. 2006, p. 557.
  40. Prien et al. 2006, p. 551.
  41. Prien et al. 2006, p. 558.
  42. Prien et al. 2006, p. 559.
  43. Prien et al. 2006, p. 554.
  44. Prien et al. 2006, p. 561.
  45. Prien et al. 2006, p. 562.
  46. Prien et al. 2006, p. 555.
  47. Prien et al. 2006, p. 563.
  48. Prien et al. 2006, p. 564.
  49. Prien et al. 2006, p. 556.
  50. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1062.
  51. Prien et al. 2012, p. 478.
  52. Prien et al. 2012, p. 483.
  53. Prien et al. 2012, p. 480.
  54. Prien et al. 2012, p. 481.
  55. Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.
  56. Prien et al. 2012, p. 484.
  57. Patzwall 2008, p. 173.
  58. Obermaier 1989, p. 189.
  59. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 386.
  60. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 364.
  61. Scherzer 2007, p. 640.

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