Eduardo de Almeida Navarro

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (born February 20, 1962)[2][3] is a Brazilian philologist and lexicographer, specialist in Old Tupi and Nheengatu. He is a full professor at the University of São Paulo,[4] where he has been teaching Old Tupi since 1993,[5] and Nheengatu since 2009.[5][6][7][8] Eduardo Navarro is also the author of the books Método moderno de tupi antigo (Modern Method of Old Tupi), 1998, and Dicionário de tupi antigo (Dictionary of Old Tupi), 2013, important works on the Tupi language.[9][10][11][12]

Eduardo Navarro
Born
Eduardo de Almeida Navarro

(1962-02-20) February 20, 1962
Fernandópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
Alma materUniversity of São Paulo
São Paulo State University
Occupation(s)teacher
researcher
translator
Known forcontributions to tupi studies
Notable workDicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil
Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos
Parents
  • Gabriel Navarro[1] (father)
  • Dalva de Almeida[1] (mother)
Signature

Biography

Eduardo Navarro graduated in Geography from the São Paulo State University and in Classics from the University of São Paulo.[5] In 1995, he received his PhD with a thesis on the issue of languages in the Renaissance.[5][10] In 1997, he published Anchieta: vida e pensamentos (Anchieta, Life and Thinking), a book about the Spanish Jesuit priest José de Anchieta, author of the first grammar of the Old Tupi language and one of the first authors of Brazilian literature.[13]

In 1998, Navarro launched the book Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos (Modern Method of Old Tupi: The Language of Brazil in the First Centuries), which aims to enable students to read 16th and 17th century texts in this language, showing the penetration of Old Tupi in Brazilian culture.[4][14] In 2005 he did a post-doctorate in India, where he went to study the origins of the myth of São Tomé in Brazil.[5]

Navarro's magna opera

In 2013, Navarro released Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (Dictionary of Old Tupi: the Classic Indigenous Language of Brazil), in which he describes almost eight thousand words of this language, thus surpassing Tesoro de la lengua guaraní, by Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, which displays about five thousand entries.[5][15][16] He is currently preparing a Nheengatu dictionary.[6]

Contributions

Tupi literature

Eduardo Navarro was the organizer and main translator of the books Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poems: Portuguese and Tupi poetry), of 1997, and Teatro, of 1999, in which he wrote explanatory notes and modernized the original spelling of the texts, most of which had been written in Old Tupi by José de Anchieta.[5][17][18][19]

He was also responsible for writing the preface and footnotes of the reedition of Ferdinand Denis' book Uma festa brasileira, and translated part of it directly from the Old Tupi language. The first edition of this book had been published in 1850 in Paris. The new edition was launched in October 2007, with a bilingual version in French and Portuguese. The excerpt translated by Navarro was Poemas brasílicos (Brazilian Poetry), by Father Cristóvão Valente.[20]

Camarão Indians' letters
Main article: Camarão Indians' letters

In 2021, Eduardo Navarro announced that he had translated the six letters of the Camarão Indians, discovered more than 130 years ago in the Netherlands, where they have been kept for almost 400 years. The letters, all in Tupi, are the only record of literate Indians writing in the colonial period. The transcription and annotated full translation of the Camarão Indians' letters were published in the periodical Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi in October 2022.[7][21][22][23][24]

Tupi language revival
The Baía da Traição beach, in whose homonymous municipality an attempt is being made to rescue the indigenous language

Since the year 2000, Eduardo Navarro has been training teachers of Old Tupi for indigenous schools in Paraíba, in an initiative called Projeto Poti.[25] The first course in Old Tupi, held in Baía da Traição,[7] lasted two years and trained 17 monitors to act as teachers in Potiguaras schools, aiming to multiply the knowledge about this language in order to recover it.[26][27]

There was also the institutionalization of the Tupi language in the curriculum of the indigenous schools. In fact, the subject is taught from the early years to high school.[28]

Hans Staden (film)

Eduardo Navarro was responsible for the translation into Tupi of the entire script of the film about the German adventurer Hans Staden, who visited Brazil twice in the 16th century.[29] The feature film, directed by Luiz Alberto Pereira, was released in 1999 on the occasion of the celebrations for Brazil's 500th anniversary.[30]

Awards
  • 2013 — Los Destacados de ALIJA, awardes by Asociación de Literatura Infantil y Juvenil Argentina, for the translation of Cabeza hueca, cabeza seca.[32]

Selected works
  • ANCHIETA, José de (2004). Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (in Brazilian Portuguese). Translated by NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2.ª ed.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes. p. 240. ISBN 9788533619562.
  • ANCHIETA, José de (2006). Teatro (in Brazilian Portuguese). Translated by NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2.ª ed.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes. p. 224. ISBN 9788533621428.
  • NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2005). Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos (in Brazilian Portuguese) (3.ª ed.). São Paulo: Global. p. 464. ISBN 9788526010581.
  • NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2013). Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1.ª ed.). São Paulo: Global. p. 624. ISBN 9788526019331.
  • NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016). Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica (2.ª ed.). São Paulo: Centro Angel Rama. p. 112. ISBN 9788591262021.
  • Histórias em língua geral da Amazônia (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1.ª ed.). São Paulo: Centro Angel Rama. 2017. p. 112. ISBN 9788591262038.[33]

See also

References
  1. NAVARRO 2013, p. VII.
  2. Programa do Jô 2013, 12:00–12:30.
  3. Navarro’s birth certificate on FamilySearch. It’s also on Commons.
  4. DUARTE, Sara (April 5, 2000). "O-î-kuab abá nhe'enga". ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  5. NAVARRO 2005, orelha da contracapa.
  6. NAVARRO 2013, p. 623.
  7. FRANÇA, Valéria (December 3, 2021). ""Tupi or not Tupi"". ISTOÉ Independente (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  8. TUNES, Suzel. "Abá nhe'enga oîebyr. Tradução: a língua dos índios está de volta". Galileu (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  9. "Disciplinas curiosas revelam heterogeneidade e amplitude das pesquisas científicas da USP". Jornal do Campus (in Brazilian Portuguese). May 26, 2015. Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  10. "Eduardo de Almeida Navarro". Letras Modernas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  11. "10 livros para conhecer línguas e povos indígenas". Museu da Língua Portuguesa (in Brazilian Portuguese). August 29, 2022. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  12. Programa do Jô 2013.
  13. "Anchieta: vida e pensamentos". Submarino (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  14. NAVARRO 2013, p. 622.
  15. NAVARRO 2013, p. XII.
  16. Grupo Editorial Global 2013.
  17. NAVARRO 2004.
  18. NAVARRO 2006.
  19. SARAIVA, Renata (September 23, 1999). "Obra teatral de Anchieta ganha nova tradução". Folha de Londrina (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  20. "Reedição da obra Uma festa brasileira, de Ferdinand Denis, em comemoração aos cinco anos do sebo Bazar das Palavras". Sebo Bazar das Palavras (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  21. TV Brasil 2021.
  22. LOPES, Reinaldo José (December 4, 2021). "Cartas em tupi traduzidas pela primeira vez mostram visão indígena sobre formação do país". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on April 18, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  23. JANSEN, Roberta (November 5, 2021). "Cartas no século XVII revelam únicos textos escritos pelos indígenas em tupi no Brasil colonial". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  24. FIGUEIREDO, Patrícia (November 5, 2021). "Cartas do século XVII são traduzidas do tupi pela primeira vez na história: 'Por que faço guerra com gente de nosso sangue', escreveu indígena". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  25. Provocações — bloco 2 2012, 1:30–3:00.
  26. FIGUEIREDO, Lucas (August 27, 2000). "Homem branco ensinará tupi a índios na Paraíba". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  27. FARAH, Paulo Daniel (July 30, 2001). "Funai quer recuperar tupi antigo na Paraíba". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  28. Silva & Simas 2018, pp. 401–404.
  29. Provocações — bloco 2 2012, 7:00–8:00.
  30. VALLE, Marina Della (May 1, 2008). "Atores aprenderam tupi em seis meses para longa-metragem". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  31. "Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas". Universidade de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  32. KLIBANSKI, Mónica (April 29, 2014). "Los mejores libros para niños y jóvenes del año 2013". Noticias educ.ar (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  33. Tarde Nacional 2018.

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