Elaeagnus multiflora

Elaeagnus multiflora, the cherry elaeagnus,[1] cherry silverberry,[2] goumi, gumi, or natsugumi, is a species of Elaeagnus native to China, Korea, and Japan.

Elaeagnus multiflora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Elaeagnaceae
Genus: Elaeagnus
Species:
E. multiflora
Binomial name
Elaeagnus multiflora
Thunb., 1784

Elaeagnus multiflora is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2–8 m (6 ft 7 in – 26 ft 3 in) tall, with a trunk up to 30 cm (12 in) diameter with dark brown bark. The shoots are densely covered in minute red-brown scales. The leaves are ovate to elliptic, 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) broad, green above, and silvery to orange-brown below with dense small scales.

The flowers are solitary or in pairs in the leaf axils, fragrant, with a four-lobed pale yellowish-white corolla 1.5 cm (0.59 in) long; flowering is in mid-spring.

Fruits of Elaeagnus multiflora in mid June
Japanese Elaeagnus multiflora var. hortensis, with cigarette for scale, photo on June 2008

The fruit is a round to oval drupe 1 cm (0.39 in) long, silvery-scaled orange, ripening red dotted with silver or brown, pendulous on a 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) peduncle. When ripe in mid- to late summer, the fruit is juicy and edible, with a sweet but astringent taste somewhat similar to that of rhubarb. The skin of the fruit is thin and fragile, making it difficult to transport, thus reducing its viability as a food crop.

As with other species in the genus Elaeagnus, E. multiflora plants are actinorhizal, growing in symbiosis with the bacterium Frankia in the soil. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it available in usable form for the host plant, and indirectly for other nearby plants. This feature allows the plant to grow in poorer soils than it could otherwise.

Uses

This species is occasionally grown in Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its fruit. It is an established exotic species in parts of the eastern United States.[3] In China, the leaves of the tree are used as a medicinal plant and a natural remedy for cough, diarrhea, itch, foul sores, and, even, cancer.[4]

References
  1. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Elaeagnus multiflora". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  3. "Profile for Elaeagnus multiflora (cherry silverberry)". Archived from the original on April 25, 2013.
  4. Bieniek, A.; Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, S.; Bojarska, J. (2022). "The Bioactive Profile, Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Agronomic Requirements of Cherry Silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.): A Review". Molecules. 27 (9): 2719. doi:10.3390/molecules27092719. PMC 9101257. PMID 35566071.
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