Valley of Elah

The Valley of Elah or Ella Valley ("the valley of the terebinth";[1] from the Hebrew: עמק האלה‎ Emek HaElah), called in Arabic: وادي السنط, Wadi es-Sunt, is a long, shallow valley in Israel and the West Bank best known as the place described in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament of Christianity) where the Israelites were encamped when David fought Goliath (1 Samuel 17:2; 1 Samuel 17:19). It is home to several important archaeological sites, including those identified as the ancient towns of Azekah and Socho (1 Samuel 17:1). Rising up from the valley on its extreme southeast end lies the hilltop ruin Adullam, and on its north lie the ruins of the ancient fortress city of Khirbet Qeiyafa, which is identified with the ancient town of Sha'araim (1 Samuel 17:52).

For the archaeological site, see Khirbet Qeiyafa.
Valley of Elah viewed from the top of Tel Azekah

The valley is named after the large and shady terebinth trees (Pistacia atlantica) which are indigenous to it. On the west side of the valley, near Socho, there is a very large and ancient tree of this kind, 55 feet (17 m) in height with a trunk 17 feet (5.2 m) in circumference and a canopy at least 75 feet (23 m) in diameter. This tree is notable for being one of the largest terebinths in the area, and marks the upper end of the valley.

Extension of Elah Valley on its southeastern side, Wadi es Sur

Since the early 1970s, the valley has also contained a large satellite relay station, with an antenna farm containing some 120 satellite dishes of various sizes. From 2010 to 2014, the region around the valley was believed to be threatened by shale oil extraction through the CCR ground-heating process, with the Green Zionist Alliance and the grassroots group Save Adullam, among others, working to stop exploitation of the region.[2][3][4] The plan was ultimately blocked in 2014 by a zoning committee decision. In July 2019, the Elah Valley came under the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, owing largely to its historical importance and the desire to curtail the encroaching city limits of Beit Shemesh to its north.[5]

History

In 2009, Professor Yosef Garfinkel discovered a fortified city from the Iron Age II dated sometime between 1050 and 915 BC at Khirbet Qeiyafa, southwest of Jerusalem in the Elah Valley.[6] The fortifications have been said to support the biblical account of the United Monarchy, the theory that Israel in the time of King David at the beginning of Iron Age II was more than simply a tribal chiefdom.[7] Others are skeptical and suggest it might represent either a Judahite or Canaanite fortress.[8]

Khirbet Qeiyafa overlooking the Elah Valley
The Valley of Elah after the winter rains, Wadi es Sur

In the late 19th century, Claude Conder and Herbert Kitchener described the Elah Valley as being "one of the most fertile districts in Palestine. It is an open flat vale about half a mile across, and covered with corn; a narrow trench runs down the center full of white pebbles worn by the water in winter. Here and there large terebinths grow along its course (Butmet Wâdy es Sûr), and solitary oak trees (Ballûtet Kŭssis). On either side rise the stony hills covered with brushwood and wild growth."[9]

Flora and fauna
Terebinth (Pistacia atlantica) growing in the Elah Valley

Numerous plant species are native to the Elah Valley, including:

Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum)
Blue lupine in Tel Socho of the Elah Valley
Elah Valley, spring of 2010

Animal species native to the Elah Valley include:

See also

References
  1. Elah, Langenscheidt's Hebrew Dictionary, Dr Karl Feyerabend
  2. Krantz, David (1 May 2011). "Israel: The New Saudi Arabia?". Jewcology.
  3. Cheslow, Daniella (18 Dec 2011). "Shale oil project raises hackles in Israel". AFP.
  4. Laylin, Tafline (5 March 2013). "Saudi Turns to Solar, Israel Stuck on Shale". Green Prophet.
  5. Rubin, Yuval, ed. (2019). "The Elah Valley Declared a National Park". Bakitzur - Mateh Yehuda Regional Council and Jerusalem Area (in Hebrew). Tzur Hadassah: Rubin Publishers (509): 10. (25 July 2019)
  6. “Newly Discovered: A Fortified City from King David’s Time,” Biblical Archaeology Review 35.1 (2009): 38, 40–43.
  7. Govier, Gordon "Archaeology: What an Ancient Hebrew Note Might Mean" Christianity Today 1/18/2010
  8. Julia Fridman, 'Crying King David: Are the ruins found in Israel really his palace? ,' at Haaretz, 26 August 2013.
  9. C.R. Conder & H.H. Kitchener, The Survey of Western Palestine, vol. III, London 1883, p. 298
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Valley of Elah.
  • Panoramic view of Elah Valley and Neve Michael as seen from atop Moshav Aderet
    Panoramic view of Elah Valley and Neve Michael as seen from atop Moshav Aderet
  • The Valley of Elah, near Adullam
    The Valley of Elah, near Adullam
  • Elah Valley as seen from atop of Tel Socho
    Elah Valley as seen from atop of Tel Socho
  • View of Elah Valley, looking east from atop of Tel Socho
    View of Elah Valley, looking east from atop of Tel Socho
  • Elah Valley, en route to Tel Socho
    Elah Valley, en route to Tel Socho
  • Elah valley in Spring, with ripening grain
    Elah valley in Spring, with ripening grain
  • Crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria)
    Crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria)
  • Pistacia atlantica, from which the valley takes its name
    Pistacia atlantica, from which the valley takes its name
  • Beneath the shady boughs of a Persian turpentine tree (Pistacia atlantica) in the Elah valley
    Beneath the shady boughs of a Persian turpentine tree (Pistacia atlantica) in the Elah valley
  • Asphodel in blossom, in the Elah Valley
    Asphodel in blossom, in the Elah Valley

31°41′25.10″N 34°57′07.70″E

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