Association for the Defense of Macau Interests

Association for the Defense of Macau Interests (Portuguese: Associação para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macau; Chinese: 澳門公民協會; lit. 'Macau Citizens Association'; ADIM) was a Portuguese conservative and localist political association based in Macau. Founded on 19 June 1974 by Delfino José Rodrigues Ribeiro and Carlos Augusto Corrêa Paes d’Assumpção,[1][2][3] ADIM collaborated politically with CDS in Portugal, as both shared similar ideology

Association for the Defense of Macau Interests
Associação para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macau
AbbreviationADIM
ChairpersonCarlos d’Assumpção (1974–1992)
FounderCarlos d’Assumpção
Founded19 June 1974 (1974-06-19)
NewspaperJornal de Macau (until 1998)
IdeologyConservatism
Localism
Political positionCentre-right

ADIM is a political association of Portuguese origin and of a conservative and localist nature founded in 1974 by a group of Macanese, among which were Delfino José Rodrigues Ribeiro and Carlos Augusto Corrêa Paes d’Assumpção, who naturally became the leader of this association. ADIM maintained a close political collaboration relationship with the Portuguese Social Democratic Center (CDS), whose ideology was similar to that of ADIM.[4][5][6]

Objectives

Unlike the liberal Democratic Centre of Macau (CDM), ADIM aimed to prevent Macau to be rapidly decolonized like the Portuguese colonies in Africa and to defend the status quo of Macau as a Portuguese territory, instead of focusing on the democratization of Macau. With the formation of ADIM, local pressure also increased to transform the colonial structures that still existed in Macau.[2]

History

Formation and dominance

On 19 June 1974, Carlos Augusto Corrêa Paes d’Assumpção and other former members of the People's National Action, ruling party of Portugal until Carnation Revolution which saw the regime overthrown, formed the Association for the Defense of Macau Interests, mainly composed of Macau-born Portuguese (or Macanese). d’Assumpção became the chairman of the association.[7]

In 1975 Portuguese Constituent Assembly election, ADIM ran in the Macau constituency of Constituent Assembly of Portugal and obtained 1,622 votes (0.03%), defeating CDM and electing Diamantino de Oliveira Ferreira as the deputy of Macau.[4]

The co-founder and leader of ADIM, Carlos d'Assumpção, actively participated in the drafting of the new Organic Statute of Macau (EOM).[1] In Macau's first free legislative elections in 1976, d'Assumpção led ADIM to victory after winning 4 out of 6 directly elected seats in the Legislative Assembly of Macau (AL), receiving 55% of votes. d’Assumpção was then elected President of the Legislative Assembly of Macau, a position he held until his death in 1992.[4][1][8][9][10][11]

In the 1980 legislative election, ADIM won 1433 votes (59.3%) and 4 seats through direct election. ADIM also managed to elect a deputy (Delfino José Rodrigues Ribeiro) by indirect election in the sector of moral interests.[12]

In 1984, d'Assumpção led an unusual conflict with Governor of Macau Vasco de Almeida e Costa, which resulted in the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly later that year. New election was then called, and the Governor implemented reforms days before the dissolution of AL, including tax incentives for voter registration. Therefore, non-Portuguese became the largest voter group in direct election for the first time. d'Assumpção, with the help of Beijing, led the Electoral Union (Portuguese: União Eleitoral; Chinese: 聯合提名委員會; lit. 'Joint Nomination Committee') made up of several important elements of the Chinese community, with Portuguese and Macanese elements from ADIM.[13][14][6] The list won 16,003 votes (58.87%), with 4 deputies elected through direct election.[15] In 1988, Electoral Union, led once again by d'Assumpção, got 6298 votes (31.41%) and 3 deputies elected by direct suffrage,[16] and had lost the majority in directly elected seats.

Post-handover

In 1992, Carlos d'Assumpção, the co-founder and leader of ADIM, died, ending the history of Electoral Union.[17] The death, along with the emergence of new civic-political groups originated in the Chinese community, caused the significant decline of ADIM with little influence and activities, and is not represented in the Legislative Assembly. ADIM is also no longer active in Portugal as Macau is no longer under Portuguese administration.

Its headquarters are located on Estrada D. João Paulino, in the Parish of S. Lourenço.

Publications

In March 1975, ADIM launched the magazine Confluence, in which many Portuguese and Macanese participated, including the lawyer and writer Henrique de Senna Fernandes, who wrote mainly about movies.[18] This party-operated publication served to counter the influence of the magazine Democracy in March, which had been publishing the ideas of the CDM since November 1974.[19]

In October 1982, ADIM launched the Jornal de Macau, as opposed to the Tribuna de Macau, the publication appeared in the same month which was belonged to Jorge Neto Valente, one of the co-founders of the CDM. Nevertheless, Jornal de Macau and Tribuna de Macau ended up merging as Jornal Tribuna de Macau on 1 November 1998 as the change of political landscape and the approaching handover of Macau ended the rivalry between CDM and ADIM.[19][20]

Elected representatives
See also: List of members of the Legislative Assembly of Macau

Below were the directly elected representatives of ADIM in AL from 1976 to 1992:

  • Carlos Augusto Corrêa Paes d'Assumpção (1976–92)
  • Diamantino de Oliveira Ferreira (1976–84)
  • Susana Chou (1976–80)
  • José da Conceição Noronha (1976–80)
  • Joaquim Morais Alves (1980–92)
  • Anabela Fátima Xavier Sales Ritchie (1980–84)
  • Manuel de Mesquita Borges (1984–88)
  • Lau Cheok-vá (1984–88)
  • Lao Kuoung-po (1988–92)

Electoral performance

Constituent Assembly election
Election Number of votes % of votes Seats Total seats +/− Position
1975 1,622 0.03 1
1 / 250
 1 7th

Legislative Assembly elections
Election Number of
popular votes		  % of
popular votes		 DE
seats		 IE
seats		 AP
seats		 Total seats +/− Position
1976 1,497Steady 54.96Steady 4 0 0
4 / 17
 4Increase 1stSteady
1980 1,433Increase 59.34Increase 4 1 0
5 / 17
 1Increase 1stSteady
1984 16,003Increase 58.87Decrease 4 0 0
4 / 17
 1Decrease 1stSteady
1988 6,298Decrease 31.41Decrease 3 0 0
3 / 17
 1Decrease 2ndDecrease

References
  1. "Celina Veiga de Oliveira, organizadora da exposição e da fotobiografia "Um homem de valor"". Hoje Macau. 28 April 2009.
  2. "Repercussões do 25 de Abril de 1974 em Macau". Tempos d´oriente. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  3. "About Delfino Jose Rodrigues Ribeiro". Ribeiro Family. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013.
  4. "Deputados eleitos directamente, uma conquista de Abril em Macau". Jornal Tribuna de Macau. 25 April 2008.
  5. "Faltou a China à palavra dada?" (in European Portuguese). 27 May 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  6. "Carlos d'Assumpção (1929–1992)". Hoje Macau. 7 May 2009.
  7. "宋玉生（Carlos Augusto Correa D'Assumpção）,1929–1992". Macau Memory. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  8. "Breve apontamento sobre as eleições para a Assembleia Legislativa". O DIREITO ONLINE (in Portuguese). 5 September 2001. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  9. "A primeira legislatura da Assembleia de Macau". Jornal Tribuna de Macau. 21 September 2009.
  10. The Far East and Australasia 2003. Psychology Press. 2002. p. 361. ISBN 9781857431339.
  11. "Boletim Oficial, n. 29 de 17/7/76" (PDF). Imprensa Oficial de Macau. p. 1009.
  12. "Boletim Oficial, n. 40 de 8/10/80" (PDF). Imprensa Oficial de Macau.
  13. Castro, Isabel. "Equilíbrios de um sistema sui generis". Revista Macau. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011.
  14. "Crónica de um homem de valor" (in European Portuguese). 28 April 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  15. "Suplemento I do Boletim Oficial, n. 35 de 25/8/84" (PDF). Imprensa Oficial de Macau.
  16. "Suplemento I do Boletim Oficial, n. 42 de 18/10/88" (PDF). Imprensa Oficial de Macau.
  17. "歐安利：我以為我可以做些事". AllAboutMacau Media. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  18. "Crónicas e regressos" (in European Portuguese). 29 November 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  19. Gome, Clara (2000). "Freedom of the Portuguese Press during the transition period (1987–99) in Macau" (PDF). Academia. 2 (5).
  20. "Jornal Tribuna de Macau – 29 anos". Cronicas Macaenses (in Portuguese). 1 November 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
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