Electoral history of Tommy Douglas

This is the electoral history of Tommy Douglas, the seventh premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961.

Douglas, c.1971

In addition to his role as premier, Douglas was a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan during the same time period for the constituency of Weyburn. Having earlier served as a CCF member of the House of Commons of Canada for Weyburn from 1935 to 1944, Douglas re-entered federal politics in 1961 when he became the first leader of the newly-created New Democratic Party (NDP). He served as an NDP member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1962 to 1968 and 1969 to 1979, and he stepped down from the role of party leader in 1971.

Overview

Electoral history of Tommy Douglas — Provincial and federal general elections
Year Type Party Votes Seats Position
Total  % ±% Total ±
1944 Provincial Co-operative
Commonwealth
211,364 53.1% +34.4% +37 Majority government
1948 236,900 47.6% −5.5% −16 Majority government
1952 291,705 54.1% +6.5% +11 Majority government
1956 249,634 45.3% −8.8% −6 Majority government
1960 276,846 40.8% −4.5% +1 Majority government
1962 Federal New Democratic 1,044,754 13.57% N/A N/A Fourth party
1963 1,044,701 13.22% −0.35% −2 Fourth party
1965 1,381,658 17.91% +4.69% +4 Third party
1968 1,378,263 16.96% −0.95% +1 Third party
Electoral history of Tommy Douglas — Provincial and federal constituency elections
Year Type Riding Party Votes for Douglas Result Swing
Total  % P. ±%
1934 Provincial general Weyburn Farmer–Labour 1,343 25.84% 3rd N/A Lost Gain
1935 Federal general Weyburn Co-operative
Commonwealth
7,280 45.00% 1st N/A Elected Gain
1940 8,509 52.10% 1st +7.10% Elected Hold
1944 Provincial general Weyburn 5,605 61.63% 1st N/A Elected Gain
1948 6,273 56.31% 1st −5.32% Elected Hold
1952 6,020 59.86% 1st +3.55% Elected Hold
1956 4,930 48.17% 1st −11.69% Elected Hold
1960 5,054 48.43% 1st +0.26% Elected Hold
1962 Federal general Regina City New Democratic 12,736 28.94% 2nd N/A Lost Hold
1962 Federal by-election Burnaby—Coquitlam 16,313 50.43% 1st N/A Elected Hold
1963 Federal general 19,067 46.37% 1st −4.06% Elected Hold
1965 22,553 52.92% 1st +6.55% Elected Hold
1968 Burnaby—Seymour 17,753 44.89% 2nd N/A Lost Gain
1969 Federal by-election Nanaimo—Cowichan
—The Islands
19,730 57.03% 1st N/A Elected Hold
1972 Federal general 25,483 56.93% 1st −0.10% Elected Hold

Provincial constituency elections

Douglas stood for election to the Legislative Assembly in six general elections, all in the constituency of Weyburn. He was defeated in his first election, in 1934, but was elected in the five general elections from 1944 to 1960.[1]

1934 general election

General Election, June 19, 1934: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
Liberal E Hugh Elliott Eaglesham2,28143.89%
Conservative X Robert Sterritt Leslie1,54429.71%
Farmer–Labour Tommy Douglas1,34325.84%
  IndependentJames Logan Coltart290.56%
Total5,197100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1944 general election

General Election, June 15, 1944: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE Tommy Douglas5,60561.63%
Liberal James Weyburn Adolphe3,48938.37%
Total9,094100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

E Elected.

1948 general election

General Election, June 24, 1948: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE X Tommy Douglas6,27356.31%
  Liberal-Progressive ConservativeFergus Charles Eaglesham4,22837.96%
Social Credit Isabel Paxman6385.73%
Total11,139100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1952 general election

General Election, June 11, 1952: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE X Tommy Douglas6,02059.86%
Liberal Donald Morrow4,03740.14%
Total10,057100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1956 general election

General Election, June 20, 1956: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE X Tommy Douglas4,93048.17%
Liberal Junior Herbert Staveley4,23441.37%
Social Credit Gustav Theodore Froese1,07010.46%
Total10,234100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1960 general election

General Election, June 8, 1960: Weyburn
Party CandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationYes X Tommy Douglas5,05448.43%
Liberal Junior Herbert Staveley4,45342.67%
Progressive Conservative Hugh McGillivray6215.95%
Social Credit William Tabor3072.94%
Total10,43599.99%1
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division[1]

X Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.

Provincial general elections

Douglas led the CCF in five general elections: 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. He won a majority government each time.

1944 general election

The 1944 election was one of the most lopsided in Saskatchewan history. The CCF won 47 seats in the Legislative Assembly, with the Liberals reduced to only five seats.

Saskatchewan general election: June 15, 1944
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationTommy Douglas147211,36453.13%
Liberal William John Patterson25140,90135.42%
Progressive Conservative Rupert Ramsay042,51110.69%
Labour Progressive 02,0670.52%
Independent 07050.18%
Social Credit Joseph Needham02490.06%
  Independent Liberal050.00%3
Total52397,802100.0%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1944

1 Member of the federal Parliament until shortly before the election was called; Premier after election.
2 Premier when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.
3 Rounds to zero.

1948 general election

Douglas led the CCF in the 1948 election, and again won a majority, but with a much reduced seat count. The Liberals made significant comeback under a new leader, Walter Tucker, but remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan general election: June 24, 1948
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationTommy Douglas131236,90047.56%
Liberal Walter Tucker219152,40030.60%
Independent 111,0882.23%
  Conservative Liberal15,2511.05%
Social Credit 040,2688.09%
Progressive Conservative Rupert Ramsay037,9867.63%
  Liberal-Progressive Conservative09,5741.92%
  Independent Liberal03,2990.66%
Labour Progressive 01,3010.26%
Total52498,067100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1948

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1952 general election

In his third general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with an increased seat count from the 1948 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan general election: June 11, 1952
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationTommy Douglas142291,70554.06%
Liberal Walter Tucker211211,88239.27%
Social Credit 021,0453.90%
Progressive Conservative Alvin Hamilton010,6481.97%
  Independent Progressive Conservative01,5420.29%
Independent 01,5170.28%
Labour Progressive 01,1510.21%
  Independent Liberal01030.02%
Total53539,593100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1952

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1956 general election

In his fourth general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with a reduced seat count from the 1952 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition, with a new leader, Alexander Hamilton McDonald.

Saskatchewan general election: June 20, 1956
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationTommy Douglas136249,63445.25%
Liberal Alexander Hamilton McDonald214167,42730.34%
Social Credit 3118,49121.48%
Progressive Conservative Alvin Hamilton010,9211.98%
Independent 04,7140.85%
Labour Progressive 05360.10%
Total53551,723100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1956

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1960 general election

In his fifth and last general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition under a new leader, Ross Thatcher.

Saskatchewan general election: June 20, 1960
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationTommy Douglas137276,84640.76%
Liberal Ross Thatcher217221,93232.67%
Progressive Conservative Martin Pederson094,73713.95%
Social Credit 083,89512.35%
Independent 01,4170.21%
Communist 03800.06%
Total54679,207100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1960

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party without seat in the Assembly when election called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

Federal constituency elections

Douglas stood for election to the House of Common ten times, in two different provinces (Saskatchewan and British Columbia), and in five different ridings. He was elected eight times and defeated twice.[2]

1935 general election

Federal Election, 1935: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE Tommy Douglas7,28045.0%
Liberal X Edward James Young6,97943.14%
Communist George Beischel1,5579.62%
Social Credit Morton Allison Fletcher3622.24%
Total16,178100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Weyburn

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1940 general election

Federal Election, 1940: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth FederationE X Tommy Douglas8,50952.10%
Liberal Thomas Niddrie Metheral7,55446.25%
  United ReformJohn Harrison Hilton2691.65%
Total16,332100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Weyburn

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1962 general election

Federal Election, 1962: Regina City, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
Progressive Conservative E X Ken More22,16450.36%
  New Democratic PartyTommy Douglas12,73628.94%
Liberal Frederick Johnson7,52917.11%
Social Credit Arthur F. Boehme1,5833.60%
Total44,012100.01%1
Source: Library of Parliament Regina City

E Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.

1962 by-election

Federal By-Election, October 22, 1962: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic PartyE Tommy Douglas16,31350.43%
Liberal Warren R. Clark8,02924.82%
Social Credit René J. Gamache5,28216.33%
Progressive Conservative Eric Greenwood2,5627.92%
  IndependentGeorge D. Burnham1620.50%
Total32,348100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Burnaby—Coquitlam

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent NDP member, Erhart Regier, to allow Douglas, the party leader, to win a seat in the House of Commons.
E Elected.

1963 general election

Federal Election, 1963: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic PartyE X Tommy Douglas19,06746.37%
Liberal Tom Kent14,14834.40%
Progressive Conservative Lyn Morrow3,9909.70%
Social Credit René J. Gamache3,9179.53%
Total41,122100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Burnaby—Coquitlam

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1965 general election

Federal Election, 1965: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic PartyE X Tommy Douglas22,55352.92%
Liberal Dick Hayes12,09028.37%
Social Credit James Morris Kennedy5,30812.46%
Progressive Conservative Mike Allen2,6626.25%
Total42,613100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Burnaby—Coquitlam

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1968 general election

Federal Election, 1968: Burnaby—Seymour, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
Liberal E Ray Perrault17,89145.23%
  New Democratic PartyX Tommy Douglas17,75344.89%
Progressive Conservative Charles MacLean3,2068.11%
Social Credit Ron Price7021.77%
Total39,552100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Burnaby—Seymour

E Elected.
X Incumbent (before redistribution).

1969 by-election

Federal By-election, February 10, 1969: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic PartyE Tommy Douglas19,73057.03%
Liberal Eric W. Winch12,89737.28%
Progressive Conservative Magdalenus Verbrugge1,9665.68%
Total34,59399.99%1
Source: Library of Parliament Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

By-election was triggered by the death of the incumbent NDP member, Colin Cameron, on July 28, 1968.
E Elected.
1 Rounding error.

1972 general election

Federal Election, 1972: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic PartyE X Tommy Douglas25,48356.93%
Progressive Conservative George MacPherson10,17922.74%
Liberal Bill Matthews7,10715.88%
Social Credit Stockwell Day Sr.1,8684.17%
  IndependentKen Hasanen1250.28%
Total44,762100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

Federal general elections

In 1961, Douglas was elected the first leader of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). He led the NDP in four federal general elections: 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968. The NDP under his leadership was a smaller party in the House of Commons.

1962 general election

In his first general election as leader of the NDP, Douglas more than doubled the seats won by the NDP, winning nineteen seats, compared to the eight seats won by the CCF in the 1958 election. Douglas was defeated in his own bid for a seat in Regina City, but won a by-election shortly afterwards in Burnaby—Coquitlam.

Canadian Federal Election, 1962
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
  Progressive ConservativeJohn Diefenbaker111637.2%
Liberal Lester B. Pearson29937.0%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson3011.6%
  New Democratic PartyTommy Douglas1913.6%
Liberal–Labour 10.2%
Total 265 99.6%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1962 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1963 general election

Less than a year after the 1962 election, Diefenbaker's minority government fell on a motion of non-confidence, triggering the dissolution of Parliament and a general election. Douglas and the NDP held steady in their seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1963
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Lester B. Pearson112841.5%
  Progressive ConservativeJohn Diefenbaker29532.8%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson2411.9%
  New Democratic PartyTommy Douglas1713.2%
Liberal–Labour 10.2%
Total 265 99.6%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1963 General Election

1 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Prime Minister when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1965 general election

After two years of minority government, Pearson called an election. The result was another hung parliament. The NDP came third in the seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1965 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
Party LeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Lester B. Pearson113140.2%
  Progressive ConservativeJohn Diefenbaker29732.4%
  New Democratic PartyTommy Douglas2117.9%
  Ralliement créditisteRéal Caouette94.7%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson53.7%
  Independent10.7%
  Independent PC10.2%
Total 265 99.8%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1965 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1968 general election

In his last general election as leader, the NDP held steady in seats, but Douglas was himself defeated in his own seat. He won a by-election shortly afterward in the riding of Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands and re-entered Parliament.

Canadian Federal Election, 1968 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Pierre Trudeau115445.4%
  Progressive ConservativeRobert L. Stanfield27231.4%
  New Democratic PartyTommy Douglas2217.0%
  Ralliement créditisteRéal Caouette144.4%
  Independent10.5%
  Liberal-Labour10.1%
Total 264 98.8%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1968 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

Party leadership conventions

1942 Saskatchewan CCF leadership convention

In 1942, Douglas challenged George Hara Williams, the leader of the Saskatchewan Section of the CCF for the provincial leadership. He defeated Williams and became provincial leader.

1943 Saskatchewan CCF leadership challenge

In 1943, Douglas in turn was challenged for the leadership of the Saskatchewan CCF, by John Brockelbank. Douglas defeated the challenge.

1961 Federal NDP leadership

In 1961, Douglas contested the leadership of the federal New Democratic Party, the successor to the CCF. He defeated Hazen Argue by a vote of 1,391 to 380, to become the first leader of the party.

Candidate Votes
Tommy Douglas 1,391 78.5%
Hazen Argue 380 12.5%
Total 43,652 100.0%

References

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