Electro precipitation

Electro precipitation is the removal of heavy metal ions, charged colloids, emulsions and microorganisms by passing direct electric current (introduced via parallel plates constructed of various metals that are selected to optimize the removal process) through contaminated water.[1][2] Since the targeted contaminants are primarily held in solution by electrical charges, the addition of ions having a charge opposite of the contaminants causes them to destabilize and aggregate into larger particles. This neutralization of the ions and colloids results in a precipitate.[3]

References

Basson, Johan; Daavittila, Jorma (2013-01-01), Gasik, Michael (ed.), "Chapter 9 - High Carbon Ferrochrome Technology", Handbook of Ferroalloys, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 317–363, ISBN 978-0-08-097753-9, retrieved 2023-01-06
Mao, Minlin; Yan, Tingting; Shen, Junjie; Zhang, Jianping; Zhang, Dengsong (2021-03-02). "Capacitive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater via an Electro-Adsorption and Electro-Reaction Coupling Process". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (5): 3333–3340. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07849. ISSN 1520-5851. PMID 33605148. S2CID 231962364.
Guevara, Héctor M.; Roy, Smarajit (2019). Ghosh, Sadhan Kumar (ed.). "Electrocoagulation Introduction and Overview". Waste Water Recycling and Management. Singapore: Springer: 217–232. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_17. ISBN 978-981-13-2619-6. S2CID 115613612.

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[1] Basson, Johan; Daavittila, Jorma (2013-01-01), Gasik, Michael (ed.), "Chapter 9 - High Carbon Ferrochrome Technology", Handbook of Ferroalloys, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 317–363, ISBN 978-0-08-097753-9, retrieved 2023-01-06

[2] Mao, Minlin; Yan, Tingting; Shen, Junjie; Zhang, Jianping; Zhang, Dengsong (2021-03-02). "Capacitive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater via an Electro-Adsorption and Electro-Reaction Coupling Process". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (5): 3333–3340. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07849. ISSN 1520-5851. PMID 33605148. S2CID 231962364.

[3] Guevara, Héctor M.; Roy, Smarajit (2019). Ghosh, Sadhan Kumar (ed.). "Electrocoagulation Introduction and Overview". Waste Water Recycling and Management. Singapore: Springer: 217–232. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_17. ISBN 978-981-13-2619-6. S2CID 115613612.