Electromagnetic cavity

Electromagnetic cavities are represented by potential wells, also called boxes, which can be of limited or unlimited depth V₀.

Quantum-mechanic boxes are described by the time-independent Schrödinger equation:

${\displaystyle \left[-{\frac {\hbar ^{2}}{2m}}\nabla ^{2}+V(\mathbf {r} )\right]\psi (\mathbf {r} )=E\psi (\mathbf {r} ),}$

with the additional boundary conditions

• the wave function is confined to the box (infinite deep potential well) or approaches zero as the distance from the wall increases to infinity, thus normalisable
• the wave function must be continuous
• the derivative of the wave function must be continuous

which leads to real solutions for the wave functions if the net energy of the particle is negative., i.e. if the particle is in a bound state.

Electrons which are trapped in an electromagnetic cavity are in a bound state and thus organise themselves as they do in a regular atom, thus expressing chemical-like behaviour. Several researchers have proposed to develop programmable matter by varying the number of trapped electrons in those cavities.[1]

The discrete energy levels of electromagnetic cavities are exploited to produce photons of desired frequencies and thus are essential for nano- or submicrometre-scale laser devices.

• Cavity resonator
• Crab cavity
• Schumann resonance
• Optical cavity
• Quantum dot