Elephant Kraal, Ayutthaya

Elephant Kraal of Ayutthaya,[lower-alpha 1] or Elephant Corral of Ayutthaya is a historic place in Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. It is considered part of the Ayutthaya Historical Park.

The painting shows the condition of the elephant kraal in the past
The elephant kraal in 2012, the white building is Ganesh shrine

Description

The Elephant Kraal is known in Thai as Phaniat Khlong Chang (Thai: เพนียดคล้องช้าง, pronounced [pʰā.nîa̯t kʰlɔ́ːŋ t͡ɕʰáːŋ]). The first element phaniat (Thai: เพนียด) means 'a ground for capturing elephants', or 'elephant corrals', or 'working place for elephants and taking care of elephant corrals' in a broader sense; the second element khlong (Thai: คล้อง) means 'catching (for elephant only)'; the third element chang (Thai: ช้าง) means 'elephant', hence 'elephant kraal'.

It was originally located on a space beside Chan Kasem Palace (residence for viceroy, often familiarly known as Front Palace) in Hua Ro quarter, but was shifted to its current location (Suan Phrik sub-district, about 5 km (3.1 mi) from city of Ayutthaya) during the reign of King Maha Chakkraphat in middle Ayutthaya period.[1]

In the Ayutthaya period, activities like catching elephants were regarded as festive events for the upper classes such as monarch or members of the royal family. The mahouts would herd elephants from the forest to the kraal (corral) then king chose the nice one and ordered court official to catch it. During capture, the mahout loops a lasso made of buffalo leather called a pakam (Thai: ปะกำ, pronounced [pā.kām])[lower-alpha 2] under one of the back legs of the targeted elephant, and pulls with the help of a decoy elephant. These elephants were bred as steeds, used for ceremonies, and join the war. The kraal was built from logs lined up in the semicircle and split at the end of the line as the fence. These log fences with rounded heads resembling lotus buds are called in Thai as Sao Talung (Thai: เสาตะลุง, pronounced [sǎw tā.lūŋ]).[2] Sao Talung is considered sacred.[3] In the centre of the kraal is the shrine housing the idol of Ganesha, the elephant lord according to the belief in Brahmanism and local animism.[1]

The last official capture of elephants in Thailand occurred in the reign of King Rama V to show the whole process of elephant catching to Czarevitch of Russia (later King Nicholas II of Russia), when he visited Siam (Thailand in those days) in 1893.[4]

The kraal was first renovated in the reign of King Rama V for royal ceremony in 1911.

Later, it was renovated in 1957. In 1962, the King Rama IX held an elephant catching perform to the King Frederick IX of Denmark on the occasion of his visit to Thailand.

The elephant kraal is now a recognised ancient monument since 1941 by the Fine Arts Department.[1] [5]

In addition to being a place for raising the royal elephants, around the kraal is also the residence of the people who inherited the lineage from the royal elephant herders in the Ayutthaya court as well.[3]

See also

Notes
  1. It is different from Wang Chang Ayutthaya Lae Phaniat or Elephant Camp, which is a tourist attraction with activities, such as elephant show and feeding elephants.
  2. Pakam is a word means both a technical tool and a sacred object of the elephant keepers according to the belief in local animism. Pakam is also the name of the spirit who protects the all elephants, similar to the elephant-headed god, Ganesha. Pakam can be considered as the Thai representation of the Ganesha, but while belief in Pakam appears in the royal elephant-related belief together with Brahmanistic belief the ethnic groups associated with elephant (Kui) who worship Pakam do not worship Ganesha.

References
  1. "เพนียดคล้องช้าง". Khaosod (in Thai). 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  2. "ภาพในอดีต "เสาตะลุง" เพนียดคล้องช้าง". Thai PBS (in Thai). 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  3. "เรื่องนี้มีตำนาน: ความหมายของเสาตะลุง". Thai PBS (in Thai). 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  4. "ร.7 ไม่เคยประกาศขายพระแก้วมรกตให้ใคร มีแต่ ร.5 เคยยกพระแก้วมรกตถวายให้พระเจ้าซาร์!". Thaipost (in Thai). 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  5. "เพนียดคล้องช้างคู่พระบารมีกษัตริย์แห่งกรุงศรีอยุธยา". Posttoday (in Thai). 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2022-04-17.

14.376911°N 100.568963°E / 14.376911; 100.568963

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