Elevated park

An elevated park (sometimes known as a sky park) refers to a park located above the normal ground (street) level. This type of a park has become more popular in the early 21st century, featuring in a number of urban renewal projects.[1][2] While usually associated with repurposed transportation infrastructure, some elevated parks are designed on top of buildings.[3]

The High Line in New York City is built on a disused elevated railway.

Elevated parks can exist, for example, on the roof of existing buildings (see also: green roof, roof garden),[4][3] or on former railways, elevated roads, or other elevated urban elements (often becoming linear parks as well).[5][6][7][8] Examples of a linear elevated park include New York's High Line, Chicago's Bloomingdale Line, or Seoul's Seoullo 7017 Skypark.[5][9][10] One of the earliest of such parks was the Promenade plantée (Coulée verte René-Dumont) in Paris, dating to 1993.[11] It has proven popular enough to encourage other cities to consider similar projects, a process that gained further momentum after the success of the High Line, the first such park in the United States, which opened in 2009.[1][12][13][14][15] Numerous cities worldwide have looked into or started construction of elevated parks, including London, Washington, DC, Jersey City, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, São Paulo, and Rotterdam.[14][16] In 2015, Hélène Littke noted that the "High Line in New York City started a worldwide trend of elevated parks", and new elevated parks are often compared to it.[17][15]

Elevated parks have been criticized for high costs, though they have generally attracted positive reviews, including from academia.[17][13] Littke observed that "The High Line is undoubtedly loved, and it is a successful place in many ways", and that its success proves that "elevated parks can bring 'new' nature into cities without occupying ground-floor space".[17]

In 2016, a public referendum to convert Seattle's Alaskan Way Viaduct into an elevated park, inspired by the High Line, was strongly rejected by voters.[18]

In 2022, a sky park was constructed on Castlefield Viaduct in Manchester, England.[19]

Seoul 7017 Skypark is a new park converted from a defunct overpass.

References
  1. Carl Grodach; Renia Ehrenfeucht (22 December 2015). Urban Revitalization: Remaking cities in a changing world. Routledge. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-317-91201-9.
  2. "7 Plans For Elevated 'High Line' Parks Around The World". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  3. "Elevated parks in Sacramento – Why Not Here? – Sactown Magazine". www.sactownmag.com. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  4. Thomas Schröpfer (1 January 2016). Dense + Green: Innovative Building Types for Sustainable Urban Architecture. Birkhäuser. p. 264. ISBN 978-3-03821-014-6.
  5. Shirley Jordan; Christoph Lindner (25 February 2016). Cities Interrupted: Visual Culture and Urban Space. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-1-4742-2444-4.
  6. C. Greig Crysler; Stephen Cairns; Hilde Heynen (20 January 2012). The SAGE Handbook of Architectural Theory. SAGE Publications. p. 824. ISBN 978-1-4739-7116-5.
  7. Bruce Sharky (5 February 2016). Thinking about Landscape Architecture: Principles of a Design Profession for the 21st Century. Routledge. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-1-317-53841-7.
  8. Sinha, Amita (2014-04-03). "Slow landscapes of elevated linear parks: Bloomingdale Trail in Chicago". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 34 (2): 113–122. doi:10.1080/14601176.2013.830428. ISSN 1460-1176. S2CID 161802962.
  9. hermes (2017-05-20). "Say hello to Seoul's new sky park". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  10. Carl T. Hyden; Theodore F. Sheckels (14 January 2016). Public Places: Sites of Political Communication. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-4985-0726-4.
  11. Amalie Wright (19 September 2013). Future Park: Imagining Tomorrow's Urban Parks. Csiro Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-643-10662-8.
  13. Gastil, Ray (2013-10-01). "Prospect parks: walking the Promenade Planteé and the High Line". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 33 (4): 280–289. doi:10.1080/14601176.2013.807650. ISSN 1460-1176. S2CID 162260743.
  14. "How the High Line Changed NYC | Village Voice". 3 May 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  15. "Photos: The Differing Destinies of Elevated Urban Parks". Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  16. Rhodes, Margaret. "An Elevated Park That Makes NYC's High Line Look Tiny". WIRED. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  17. Littke, Hélène; Locke, Ryan; Haas, Tigran (2016-10-01). "Taking the High Line: elevated parks, transforming neighbourhoods, and the ever-changing relationship between the urban and nature". Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability. 9 (4): 353–371. doi:10.1080/17549175.2015.1063532. ISSN 1754-9175. S2CID 142879219.
  18. Madej, Patricia (August 2, 2016). "Voters soundly reject elevated waterfront park for downtown Seattle". The Seattle Times. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  19. Whelan, Dan (7 March 2022). "Work starts on first phase of £20m Castlefield Viaduct park". Place Northwest. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
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