Elisabeth von Matt

Elisabeth von Matt (1762–1814) was an Austrian astronomer active in the late 18th and early 19th century who is regarded as the only female scientist to have her observations published in European astronomy journals during the period.[1] She worked primarily in positional astronomy, documenting the asteroids Pallas and Juno.

Elisabeth-von-Matt-nee-Humelauer-1762-1814-in-rococo-style-during-her-younger-years Q320.jpg

Life

Elisabeth von Matt (née Humelauer) was a baroness living in Vienna. There, she built a private observatory and ordered the equipment needed to observe the sky. Her observations were published in Bode's Astronomisches Jahrbuch and Franz Xaver von Zach's Monatliche Correspondenz.[2] In addition to her own contributions to measurements at the time, von Matt supported the advancement of the field of astronomy by opening her observatory to Johann Tobias Bürg, who was her mentor, and assisting in the supply of books and instruments in the community.[3]

Legacy

Austrian botanist Josef August Schultes named the plant genus Mattia in honor of von Matt in 1809.[4] It is now listed as a synonym of Rindera.[5] Then in 1915, Mattiastrum a genus of flowering plants from Middle Asia, belonging to the family Boraginaceae was also named in her honor.[6]

The minor planet 9816 von Matt, discovered in 1960 by Cornelis Johannes van Houten and I. van Houten-Groeneveld, was named after von Matt.[7] Two instruments owned by von Matt—a sextant manufactured by Edward Troughton and a chronometer manufactured by John Arnold (watchmaker)—are held in the collection of the Vienna Observatory at the University of Vienna.[8][9]

References
  1. Cunningham, Clifford J. (2017). "Scientific Papers on Juno". Bode's Law and the Discovery of Juno: Historical Studies in Asteroid Research. Springer. p. 212. ISBN 978-3319328751.
  2. Creese, Mary R. S. (2004). Ladies in the Laboratory II: West European Women in Science, 1800-1900. Scarecrow Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 9780810849792.
  3. Brosche, P; Ma-Kircher, K (2010). "Elisabeth von Matt (1762 - 1814), An Enlightened Practitioner of Astronomy in Vienna". Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 13 (3): 187–193. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2010.03.03. S2CID 161848787. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  4. Mari Mut, Jose A. (2017). "Plant Genera Named After People (1753-1853)" (PDF). Ediciones Digitales. p. 375.
  5. "Mattia Schult. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  6. "Mattiastrum (Boiss.) Brand | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  7. "9816 von Matt (2643 P-L)". JPL Small-Body Database Browser. NASA. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  8. Feigl, Claudia (2016). Academic Showcases: The Collections at the University of Vienna. Böhlau Verlag Wien. p. 178. ISBN 978-3205200642.
  9. Müller, Isolde. "Spiegelsextant von Edward Troughton (1753-1835), Nr. 136". Die Sammlungen an der Universität Wien. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
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