Elizabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne

Elizabeth Lamb, Viscountess Melbourne (née Milbanke; 1751 – 1818) was one of the most influential of the political hostesses of the extended Regency period, and the wife of Whig politician Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne. She was the mother of William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, who became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and several other influential children. Lady Melbourne was known for her political influence and her friendships and romantic relationships with other members of the English aristocracy, including Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford, and George, Prince of Wales. Because of her numerous love affairs, the paternity of several of her children is a matter of dispute.

The Right Honourable

The Viscountess Melbourne
Portrait by George Romney
Born
Elizabeth Milbanke

1751
Died6 April 1818 (aged 66–67)
Melbourne House, Piccadilly, London, England
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1769)​
Children9, including:
Parents
  • Sir Ralph Milbanke, 5th Bt.
  • Elizabeth Hedworth
Relatives

Early life and marriage

Elizabeth Milbanke was baptised on 15 October 1751, in the village of Croft-on-Tees, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. She was the youngest child and only daughter of Sir Ralph Milbanke, 5th Baronet, and his wife, Elizabeth (née Hedworth).[1] She had two brothers, with the eldest being Ralph Noel—future Foxite Whig politician and 6th Baronet. The family resided at Halnaby Hall, Yorkshire.[2]

Elizabeth's father was a politician and her maternal grandfather was John Hedworth, a Member of Parliament for County Durham.[3] Elizabeth was privately educated and learned French and poetry composition.[1] Her mother died in 1767. Two years later, Elizabeth met Sir Peniston Lamb, 2nd Baronet; they married in London on 13 April 1769.[3] The couple lived at Melbourne House in Piccadilly and Elizabeth quickly became a well-known figure in London Whig society.[3]

She was apparently untroubled by her husband's infidelity early in their marriage with the actress and courtesan, Sophia Baddeley, just as he came to tolerate her numerous love affairs.[3] Peniston was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Lord Melbourne, Baron of Kilmore, in 1770, and Viscount Melbourne, in 1781.[3] As well as Melbourne House, the family had country residences at Brocket Hall, in Hertfordshire, and Melbourne Hall, in Derbyshire.[3]

Personal relationships
Lady Melbourne with the Duchess of Devonshire and Anne Damer in Witches Round the Cauldron by Daniel Gardner (1775)

From the start of her marriage, the shrewd and coldly pragmatic Lady Melbourne cultivated friendships that helped her position in society, and her husband's career. These relationships were frequently with men, some of whom became lovers.[4] She was noted for discretion in her affairs: she famously remarked that no man was safe with another's secrets and no woman with her own. Unlike her daughter-in-law, Lady Caroline Lamb, who conducted a very public extramarital affair with Lord Byron, Lady Melbourne had a clear understanding of what society would and would not condone. She was highly intelligent, if not intellectual; it was said of her that, within the rather narrow limits of her experience, her knowledge of the world was remarkable.

She was a devoted mother and worked tirelessly to advance the careers of all her children, especially William. Lord David Cecil remarked that few children have had a better mother, although her reputation for immorality caused them some distress: George once came to blows with a friend who said "your mother is a whore". William, though admitting that his mother's private life was not blameless, called her "the most sagacious woman [he] ever knew" and remarked that "she kept me straight as long as she lived".

After the marriage in 1774 of Lady Georgiana Spencer to William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, Lady Melbourne became a close friend of and personal advisor to the Duchess.[3] Until this point, Lady Melbourne had enjoyed unrivalled success as a political hostess and quickly recognised that the young duchess, with a higher rank and better connections, would be a more valuable friend than a rival.[5] The two women were painted, alongside their friend, sculptor Anne Damer, by Daniel Gardner as the Three Witches in his 1775 painting Witches Round the Cauldron.[3] Lady Melbourne featured as the character of Lady Besford in the Duchess' novel The Sylph.[6]

By contrast, she and the Duchess' sister, Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough, disliked each other intensely, and Lady Melbourne's enmity later extended to Henrietta's daughter, Lady Caroline Lamb. True to her practical nature, she did not allow this dislike to interfere with her support for her son William's marriage to Caroline, which was a social step up for the Lamb family, who were still, by the strict social standards of the age, considered to be newcomers to polite society.

By the late 1770s, Lady Melbourne was romantically involved with George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont.[4] There was a rumour that the Earl had bought her from a previous lover, Lord Coleraine, for £13,000.[7] Egremont remained unmarried, probably due to Lady Melbourne's influence.[3][7] It is believed that he was the father of Lady Melbourne's children William (b. 1779), Emily (b. 1787) and possibly Frederick (b. 1782).[3] Lord Melbourne, who had affairs of his own, was not greatly troubled by his wife's infidelities. Only once, it is said, did they quarrel on the subject: this was in the strained atmosphere caused by the death of their eldest son Peniston, the only child whom Melbourne knew to be his own flesh and blood. Melbourne is said on that occasion to have expressed resentment of his wife's favouritism towards William, whom Melbourne (like everybody else) believed to be Lord Egremont's son.

In 1782, Lady Melbourne became acquainted with George, Prince of Wales while visiting her son Peniston twice a week at Eton College.[8] The relationship proved to be of benefit to Lord Melbourne, who was made Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Prince George at Carlton House.[8] Lady Melbourne's fourth son George (b. 1784) was widely believed to have been fathered by the prince, who acted as the boy's godfather.[3][9]

Early on, Lady Melbourne seemed to have a fraught relationship with Caroline St. Jules, the wife of her son George.[10] This is because Caroline St. Jules' and George Lamb's marriage, in the early years, was a rocky marriage.[11] Lady Melbourne was upset that Caroline St. Jules would confide her marriage problems to her mother, Lady Elizabeth Foster.[12] Lady Elizabeth Foster saw the worst in Caroline St. Jules’ marital problems.[13] Lady Elizabeth Foster was so furious that George Lamb seem unfazed by his neglect towards Caroline St. Jules that Lady Elizabeth Foster “look upon [George Lamb] to be some kind of monster”.[14] When Caroline St. Jules had an affair with Henry Brougham, in 1816, Lady Melbourne rebuked Caroline St. Jules for the affair.[15][16] Caroline St. Jules reminded Lady Melbourne that George Lamb saw Caroline St. Jules as a distraction from his work in theatre.[17] In addition, Caroline St. Jules felt trapped in a marriage where her husband was neglectful and a drunk.[18] Eventually, Caroline St. Jules and Henry Brougham ended their affair.[19][20] Caroline St. Jules reconciled with George Lamb and stayed with George Lamb until his death in 1834.[21][22] Shortly after Caroline St. Jules ended her affair with Henry Brougham, Lady Melbourne reconciled with both Caroline St. Jules and George Lamb.[23]

Later in life, Lady Melbourne formed a friendship with the poet Lord Byron. She became his confidante during his affair with her daughter-in-law Lady Caroline Lamb.[24] Although she approved of her son's marriage on social grounds, Lady Melbourne disliked Caroline intensely and their relationship was always bad. By contrast, she liked Byron and blamed him neither for having the affair with Caroline nor for ending it. Byron later married Lady Melbourne's niece, Anne Isabella Milbanke.

Lord Melbourne was made a peer of the United Kingdom as Baron Melbourne of Melbourne in 1815. Lady Melbourne died on 6 April 1818 at Melbourne House of rheumatism: her slow and painful death distressed her loved ones greatly. It was entirely in character that on her deathbed she urged her daughter Emily to be faithful, not to her husband, Lord Cowper, but to her lover, Lord Palmerston (Emily and Palmerston eventually married after Cowper's death). She was survived by her husband who died in 1828.[3]

Issue

Lady Melbourne had six children that survived childhood; infant twins died in 1788.[3] Of the remaining six, only the eldest, Peniston, was certainly fathered by Lord Melbourne.[3] Their youngest daughter Harriet died of consumption in 1803 at the age of 14; the young Peniston succumbed to the same illness in 1805, at 34.[25]

References
  1. Lamb & Gross, p. 14
  2. Stewart, p. 20
  3. Gross, Jonathan David (2004). "Lamb , Elizabeth, Viscountess Melbourne (bap. 1751, d. 1818)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47307. Retrieved 7 October 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. Cecil, p. 29
  5. Lewis, p. 109
  6. Lamb & Gross, p. 4
  7. Cecil, p. 28
  8. Lamb & Gross, p. 27
  9. Lewis, p. 215
  10. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  11. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  12. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  13. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  14. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  15. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  16. "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15915. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  18. "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15915. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  19. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  20. "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15915. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  21. "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15915. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  22. Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne. 1998. ISBN 9780890966723.
  23. Gross, Jonathan David (2004). "Lamb [née Milbanke], Elizabeth, Viscountess Melbourne (Bap. 1751, d. 1818), political hostess and agricultural improver". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47307. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  24. Lamb & Gross, p. 47
  25. Lamb & Gross, p. 39
  26. The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761–1786. 25 October 1777.
  27. The Register of Births and Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1761–1786. 11 April 1779.

Sources
  • Cecil, David (2006) [1939], The Young Melbourne, Read Books, ISBN 1-4067-3534-5
  • Lewis, Judith Schneid (2003), Sacred to Female Patriotism: Gender, Class, and Politics in Late Georgian Britain, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-94412-0
  • Melbourne, Elizabeth Milbanke Lamb; Gross, Jonathan David (1998), Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne, Texas A&M University Press, ISBN 0-89096-672-9
  • Stewart, John (2008), Byron and the Websters, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-3240-0
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