Elizabeth Stumm

Elizabeth Stumm better known by her pen name Mrs. C. C. Stumm (1857-?) was an African-American teacher and journalist. As her husband was involved in missionary service, the couple moved often, but Stumm was able to work as a writer and teacher. She wrote for many newspapers and journals in the black press and was noted by numerous compilers of her day as an influential and effective journalist.

Elizabeth Stumm
ca. 1891
Born
T. Elizabeth Penman

(1857-03-25)March 25, 1857
Boyle County, Kentucky, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Other namesElizabeth Penman,
Mrs. C. C. Stumm
Occupation(s)Teacher, journalist
Years active1877–?
SpouseChasteen C. Stumm

Early life

T. Elizabeth Penman was born on March 25, 1857, in Boyle County, Kentucky to Eliza and Thomas Penman.[1][2][3] Her father died in her youth and her mother ensured that she obtained an education. Penman attended two terms at Berea College,[4] before beginning a career as a journalist.[2] In 1875, Penman married Rev. Chasteen C. Stumm, a fellow student from Berea.[5] Soon after their marriage, Rev. Stumm was called to missionary work and spent two years at his first station before being transferred to Elizabethtown in Hardin County, Kentucky.[6][7]

Career

In 1877, Stumm began teaching at a school in Elizabethtown with her husband, where she remained for two years.[7] Shortly before the couple moved in 1879 to Frankfort, Stumm published her first journalistic effort, a discussion over a religious topic printed in the local paper.[8][9] In conformity with a social norm of the time, Stumm published all of her works using her husband's name, Mrs. C. C. Stumm.[10] In 1881, the Stumms moved again, when Rev. Stumm was appointed to pastor in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and serve as president of the Bowling Green Academy, with Stumm serving as his assistant.[7][8] She taught at the academy and contributed articles to the Bowling Green Watchman until they relocated to Nashville[8][9][11] in 1883, where Rev. Stumm attended the Baptist Theological Institute.[12] After leaving Bowling Green, Stumm served as the matron and taught at Hearne Academy,[2][7] a school founded in 1881 by the Baptist Lincoln Association, for black education near Hearne, Texas.[13]

The couple then moved to Boston, where Rev. Stumm served as pastor at the Ebenezer Baptist Church[14] and Stumm worked as a contributor to and agent for The Boston Hub and The Boston Advocate, as well as other newspapers and journals of the black press.[9] In 1885, Rev. Stumm was transferred again and they moved to Philadelphia, where he led the Union Baptist Church.[8] Stumm began working for the Brooklyn-based National Monitor, as their Philadelphia business manager and correspondent, and with a similar arrangement for Our Women and Children, a magazine published in Louisville, Kentucky.[9][15] In 1890, the Stumms began publishing The Christian Banner, a religious journal, for which Stumm acted as the business manager and her husband served as editor.[16]

In 1891, the couple moved to Staunton, Virginia, where Rev. Stumm took over the Mount Zion Baptist Church, which would later be the first church pastored by Theodore Judson Jemison.[17][18] Stumm continued her writing and was publishing a syndicated column, "Women's Influence", which was featured in The Future State, a magazine from Kansas.[19] Soon after celebrating their twentieth wedding anniversary in 1895, Rev. Stumm died.[1][20]

After her husband's death, Stumm returned to Philadelphia and finding herself in financial straits without her husband's income, she opened a business to culture hair. She employed four to five women who grew hair for her clients.[21]

References

Citations
  1. The Staunton Spectator & January 30, 1895, p. 3.
  2. Scruggs 1893, p. 270.
  3. Penn 1891, p. 475.
  4. Pegues 1892, p. 400.
  5. Pegues 1892, pp. 474–475.
  6. Pegues 1892, pp. 478.
  7. Penn 1891, p. 251.
  8. Pegues 1892, p. 479.
  9. Penn 1891, p. 400.
  10. Davis 1982, p. 220.
  11. Scruggs 1893, p. 271.
  12. Pegues 1892, pp. 474.
  13. Montgomery 2010.
  14. Pegues 1892, pp. 479–480.
  15. Majors 1893, p. 208.
  16. Penn 1891, p. 254.
  17. Wilson 2000, p. 57.
  18. Richardson & Luker 2014, p. 245.
  19. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 1895, p. 6.
  20. The Staunton Spectator & November 20, 1895, p. 3.
  21. The Colored American Magazine 1903, pp. 817–818.

Bibliography
  • Davis, Marianna W. (1982). Contributions of Black Women to America: The arts, media, business, law, sports. Columbia, South Carolina: Kenday Press. OCLC 8346862.
  • Majors, Monroe A. (1893). Noted Negro women, their triumphs and activities (Reprint 1971 by Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Donohue and Henneberry. ISBN 0-8369-8733-0.
  • Montgomery, William E. (June 15, 2010). "Hearne Academy". Handbook of Texas Online. Austin, Texas: Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  • Pegues, A. W. (1892). Our Baptist ministers and schools. Springfield, Massachusetts: Willey & Company. OCLC 22587200.
  • Penn, Irvine Garland (1891). The Afro-American press and its editors. Springfield, MA: Willey & Company. OCLC 503673564.
  • Richardson, Christopher M.; Luker, Ralph E. (2014). Historical Dictionary of the Civil Rights Movement (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8108-8037-5.
  • Scruggs, Lawson Andrew (1893). Women of Distinction: Remarkable in Works and Invincible in Character. Raleigh, North Carolina: L. A. Scruggs. OCLC 4255360.
  • Wilson, Rita (2000). "Mount Zion Baptist Church". In Grose, Shirley E. (ed.). Augusta County Virginia Heritage Book Topical Section. Summersville, West Virginia: Augusta Heritage Book Committee.
  • "China Wedding". Staunton, Virginia: The Staunton Spectator. January 30, 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 12 February 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Death of Rev. C. C. Stumm". Staunton, Virginia: The Staunton Spectator. November 20, 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 12 February 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Here and There". The Colored American Magazine. Boston, Massachusetts: Colored Co-Operative Publishing Company. 6 (2): 817–818. November 1903. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  • "A Portentously Named Magazine". Brooklyn, New York: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 31, 1895. p. 6. Retrieved 12 February 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
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