Emperor Go-Reizei

Emperor Go-Reizei (後冷泉天皇, Go-Reizei-tennō, August 28, 1025[1] – May 22, 1068) was the 70th emperor of Japan,[2] according to the traditional order of succession.[3]

  • Emperor Go-Reizei
  • 後冷泉天皇
Emperor of Japan
ReignFebruary 5, 1045 – May 22, 1068
CoronationApril 27, 1045
PredecessorGo-Suzaku
SuccessorGo-Sanjō
BornAugust 28, 1025
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
DiedMay 22, 1068(1068-05-22) (aged 42)
Kaya no In (高陽院), Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Burial
Enkyo-ji no misasagi (円教寺陵) (Kyoto)
Spouse
​
(m. 1037)​
    ​
    (m. 1047)​
      ​
      (m. 1050)​
      Posthumous name
      Tsuigō: Emperor Go-Reizei (後冷泉院 or 後冷泉天皇)
      HouseYamato
      FatherEmperor Go-Suzaku
      MotherFujiwara no Kishi

      Go-Reizei's reign spanned the years 1045–1068.[4]

      This 11th century sovereign was named after the 10th century Emperor Reizei and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Reizei". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Reizei, the second", or as "Reizei II".

      Biography

      Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina)[5] was Chikahito-shinnō (親仁親王).[6] He was the eldest son of Emperor Go-Suzaku. His mother was Fujiwara no Kishi (藤原嬉子), formerly Naishi-no kami, daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga. Go-Reizei had three Empresses and no Imperial sons or daughters.[7]

      Events of Go-Reizei's life
      Decorative emblems (kiri) of the Hosokawa clan are found at Ryōan-ji. Go-Reizei is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence of Hosokawa Katsumoto before the Ōnin War.

      When Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated on February 5, 1045, his eldest son received the succession (‘‘senso’’) on the same day. Emperor Go-Reizei formally acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) shortly after, and the era name was changed the following year to mark the beginning of his reign.[8][7] His father Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37 on February 7, 1045, of unknown causes[9] The one major event in Go-Reizei's life occurred in the year 1051, when Abe no Sadatō and Munetō instigated a rebellion that became known as the Zenkunen War (1051–1062). In response, Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is appointed governor of Mutsu and he is named chinjufu shōgun. He is given these titles and powers so that he will be able to restore peace in the north. Yoriyoshi would have been the first to receive this specific shogunal title, although his grandfather (Minamoto no Tsunemoto) had been seitō fuku-shōgun (assistant commander for pacification of the east).[10] Go-Reizei later died on May 22, 1068, at the age of 44 leaving no direct heirs to the throne.[11] He was succeeded by his father's second son Takahito-shinnō aka Emperor Go-Sanjō.

      The actual site of Go-Reizei's grave is known.[2] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) though at Kyoto. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Go-Reizei's mausoleum. It is formally named Enkyo-ji no misasagi.[12] Go-Reizei is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryōan-ji Temple in Kyoto.[13] The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Reizei is today named Shu-zan. The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Reizei died.[14] These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (misasagi) which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.[14]

      Kugyō

      Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

      In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Reizei's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

      Eras of Go-Reizei's reign

      The years of Go-Reizei's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[16]

      Empresses and consorts

      Empress (chūgū): Imperial Princess Shōshi (章子内親王, 1027–1105) later Nijō-in (二条院), Emperor Go-Ichijo’s daughter.

      Empress (kōgō): Fujiwara no Hiroko (藤原寛子; 1036–1127) later Shijō no Miya (四条宮), Fujiwara no Yorimichi‘s daughter

      Empress (kōgō): Fujiwara no Kanshi (藤原歓子; 1021–1102) later Ono-no-Kōtaigō (小野皇太后), Fujiwara no Norimichi‘s daughter

      • Son (1049)

      Consort: Sugawara family's daughter

      • son: Takashina Tameyuki (高階為行; 1059-1107)

      Ancestry

      Notes
      Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
      1. Reischauer, Robert Karl (1967). Early Japanese History. Vol. A. Peter Smith. p. 330 – via OpenLibrary.
      2. Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 後冷泉天皇 (70)
      3. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 76.
      4. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 162–166; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 311–314; ; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 197-198.
      5. Brown, pp. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
      6. Titsingh, p. 162; Brown, p. 311, Varley, p. 197.
      7. Brown, p. 311.
      8. Brown, p. 311; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
      9. Titsingh, p. 160; Brown, p. 311.
      10. Varley, pp. 197–198.
      11. Brown, p. 313; Varley, p. 198.
      12. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 421.
      13. The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places of Uda, Kazan, Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizei, Go-Sanjō, and Horikawa.
      14. Moscher, Gouveneur. (1978). Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide, pp. 277–278.
      15. Brown, p. 312.
      16. Titsingh, pp. 161–166; Brown, p. 313.
      17. "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2018.

      References

      See also
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