Emphasis mark

The emphasis mark[1] or emphasis dot[2] is a typographic marking used in some East Asian languages to indicate emphasis. The markings takes in many forms like, a dot or a bullet, a circle, or a triangle. It was used more traditionally, but nowadays, with technology, quotations or changing of font style prevails.[1]

In Chinese
An example of emphasis mark used in traditional vertical style writing.
An example of emphasis mark used in traditional horizontal style writing.
An example of emphasis mark used in traditional horizontal style writing.
  1. 事業是幹出來的，不是吹出來的。
  2. 看來，他彷佛用一千隻眼睛瞧著。

In China and Hong Kong, the emphasis mark (Chinese: 着重号) is used in textbooks and teaching materials. It is centred under each character highlighted in the horizontal texts, and centred to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

In Japanese
ここを強調

In Japan, the emphasis mark (傍点 bōten or 圏点 kenten) is usually a dot or a sesame dot and is centred above each character in the horizontal texts and to the right of each character in the vertical texts.

It is not unusual for kenten and ruby to concur on the same side of the main text (usually above or to the right), but this feature has not been possible with CSS.

In Korean

In South Korea, the emphasis mark (드러냄표 deureonaempyo) usually rules as a dot or circle centred above the characters in the horizontal texts and to the right of the characters in the vertical texts.

Examples:

  • using the CSS text-emphasis property:
    한글의 본 이름은 훈민정음이다.
    중요한 것은 왜 사느냐가 아니라 어떻게 사느냐 하는 문제이다.
  • using positioned characters: :
    한글의 본 이름은 •훈•민•정•음이다.
    중요한 것은 ◦왜 ◦사◦느◦냐◦가 아니라 ◦어◦떻◦게 ◦사◦느◦냐 하는 문제이다.

Characters

Apart from any single character, the following characters are used as emphasis marks in some implementations.[3]

Glyph Unicode codepoint Unicode name Value for the CSS text-emphasis-style property Name used in Adobe InDesign
• U+2022 bullet dot, filled, filled dot small black circle
◦ U+25E6 white bullet open, open dot small white circle
● U+25CF black circle circle, filled circle black circle
○ U+25CB white circle open circle white circle
◉ U+25C9 fisheye double-circle, filled double-circle fisheye
◎ U+25CE bullseye open double-circle bullseye
▲ U+25B2 black up-pointing triangle filled triangle, triangle black triangle
△ U+25B3 white up-pointing triangle open triangle white triangle
﹅ U+FE45 sesame dot filled sesame, sesame black sesame
﹆ U+FE46 white sesame dot open sesame white sesame

See also

References
  1. Elika J. Etemad; Koji Ishii (2013). CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3. W3C. css-text-decor-3.
  2. Japanese Layout Task Force (2012). Requirements for Japanese Text Layout. W3C. jlreq.
  3. "text-emphasis". MDN Web Docs. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
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