Eran Elinav

Eran Elinav (born 22 June 1969 in Jerusalem, Israel) is an Israeli immunologist[1] and microbiota researcher[2] at the Weizmann Institute of Science[3] and the DKFZ.[4]

Eran Elinav
ערן אלינב‎
Eran Elinav
Eran Elinav
Born(1969-06-22)June 22, 1969
Jerusalem
CitizenshipIsraeli
Alma materHebrew University in Jerusalem, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Weizmann Institute of Science
Organization(s)Weizmann Institute of Science, German Cancer Research Center
SpouseHila
ChildrenShira, Omri, Inbal
AwardsRappaport prize for biomedical research, Levinson award for basic science research, Landau prize of Immunology
Websitewww.weizmann.ac.il/immunology/elinav/

He is an international scholar at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation[5] and a senior fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advance Research (CIFAR).[6]

Academic and medical career

Elinav earned a M.D. from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1999. Following an internship and residency in internal medicine at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in 2000–2004.

He served as a senior physician-scientist at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease in 2005–2009.[2]

In 2009 Elinav earned a Ph.D. in immunology from the Weizmann Institute of Science, advised by Zelig Eshhar, after developing the Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T cell (CAR-Treg) approach,[7] as treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmunity. In 2009-2012 he followed by a post-doc at Yale University, advised by Richard Anthony Flavell, in which he discovered the NLRP6 inflammasome.[8]

In 2012 Elinav moved to the Weizmann Institute of Science and in 2016 was made a professor.[3] He heads the Institute of Microbiome research[9] and the Center of Host-Pathogen Interaction Research at the Weizmann Institute of Science and the Microbiome & Cancer Division at the DKFZ.[4] Since 2022, he heads the Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science.

Research

Elinav studies the molecular basis of host-microbiota interactions,[10] and their effects of diet,[11][12] environmental factors,[13] immune function[14] and host genetics[15] on the intestinal microbiome and associated multi-factorial metabolic,[16][17] inflammatory,[18] malignant[19] and neurogenerative disease.[20][21] His most-cited papers have more than 2,000 cites each.[22]

Elinav developed precision microbiota interventions, including Personalized Nutrition,[23][24] Precision Probiotics,[25] small molecule ″postbiotics″,[12] Phage Therapy,[26] [27] autologous fecal microbiome transplantation,[28][29] Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation (VMT) [30][31] and gut epithelial[32][33] interventions.

Personalized Nutrition

In 2014 Elinav discovered that people consuming identical foods and additives, such as non-nutritive sweeteners,[23][34] general foods[24] and bread,[35][36] feature a unique and personalized glycemic response, thereby potentially explaining the lack of uniform metabolic responses to generalized dietary approaches. [37]Personalized dietary recommendations,[38] based on individualized dietary, [39]clinical and microbiota data, improved pre-diabetes control.[24] He similarly showed, that consumption of probiotics[40] leads to a person-specific colonization resistance and physiological patterns.[41]

Nutritional timing and the Microbiota

Elinav discovered, that the gut microbiota features a compositional and functional diurnal activity during a 24-hour cycle, which is dictated by host and environmental factors, mainly by the timing in food consumption. [42][43] These microbiota diurnal activities are tightly coordinated with the host gastrointestinal and systemic circadian activity,[44] while disruption of circadian activity by jet-lag[45] or shift work may lead to alterations in the microbiota behavior, which contribute to the development of common metabolic,[43] immune[18] and liver diseases.[46][44]

Awards and recognition

Elinav was awarded the Rappaport prize for biomedical research in 2015,[47] the Levinson award for basic science research in 2016,[48] the Landau prize of Immunology in 2018[49] and was inducted to the American Academy of Microbiology in 2021.[50]

References
  1. Elinav, Eran (2019). "No guts, no research glory". Nature Medicine. 25 (2): 196. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0342-5. PMID 30728539. S2CID 256840579. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  2. Houston, Stephanie (30 November 2018). "Eran Elinav: Beyond the microbiome". Journal of Experimental Medicine (JEM). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  3. "ElinavLab". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  4. "Division of Microbiome and Cancer – Prof. Dr. Eran Elinav". German Cancer Research Center. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  5. "Eran Elinav, MD, PhD – HHMI-Gates International Research Scholar". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  6. "Eran Elinav". Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  7. Elinav, E., Waks, T., and Eshhar, Z. 2008. Redirection of regulatory T cells with predetermined specificity for the treatment of experimental colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 134:2014-2024. PMID 18424268.
  8. Elinav, E., Strowig, T., Kau, A.L., Henao-Mejia, J., Thaiss, C.A., Booth, C.J., Peaper, D.R., Bertin, J., Eisenbarth, S.C., Gordon, J.I., Flavell, R.A. 2011. NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis. Cell 145:745-757. PMID 21565393.
  9. "The Institute for Microbiome Research". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  10. Graedon, Terry (12 November 2019). "How Do You Feed Your Microbiota?". The People’s Pharmacy. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  11. Akhter, Shahid (6 July 2019). "Blood sugar levels response to food are highly individualized : Dr Eran Elinav". The Economic Times. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  12. Thaiss CA, Itav S, Rothschild D, Meijer M, Levy M, Moresi C, Dohnalova L, Braverman S, Rozin S, Malitsky S, Dori-Bachash M, Kuperman Y, Biton I, Gertler A, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Aharoni A, Segal E, Elinav E. 2016. Persistent microbiome alterations modulate the rate of post-dieting weight regain. Nature, 540, 544-551. PMID 27906159.
  13. Koren T, Ze'evi D, Suez J, Weinberger A, Avnit-Sagi T, Pompan-Lotan M, Matot E, Jona G, Harmelin A, Cohen N, Sirota-Madi A, Thaiss CA, Pevsner-Fischer M, Sorek R, Xavier R, Elinav E (co-corresponding co-last author), Segal E. 2015. Growth dynamics of gut microbiota in health and disease inferred from single metagenomic samples. Science 349(6252):1101-6. PMID 26229116.
  14. Levy M, Thaiss CA, Ze'evi D, Dohnalova L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Ali Mahdi J, David E, Savidor A, Korem T, Herzig Y, Pevsner-Fischer M, Shapiro H, Christ A, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Latz E, Flavell RA, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. 2015. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the  intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. Cell, 163(6), 1428–1443. PMID 26638072.
  15. Rothschild D, Omer Weissbrod O, Barkan E, Kurilshikov A, Korem T, Zeevi D, Costea PI, Shilo S, Lador D, Godneva A, Kalka IA, Bar N, Vilq VA, ZmorA N, Pevsner-Fischer M, Israeli D, Kosower N, Malka G, Wolf BC, Avnit-Sagi T, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Halpern Z, Carmi S, Fu J, Lifelines cohort study, Wijmenga C, Zhernakova A, Elinav E (co-corresponding last author), Eran Segal. 2018. Environmental factors dominate over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota composition. Nature, 555(7695):210-15. PMID 29489753.
  16. Devlin, Hannah (24 November 2016). "Yo-yo weight gain driven by gut bacteria's 'memory' of obesity, says study". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  17. Henao-Mejia, J., Elinav, E. (first coauthor), Jin, C., Hao, L., Mehal, W.Z., Strowig, T., Thaiss, C.A., Kau, A.L., Eisenbarth, S.C., Jurczak, M.J., Camporez, J.P., Shulman, G.I., Gordon, J.I., Hoffman, H.M., Flavell, R.A. 2012. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 482:179-185. PMID 22297845
  18. Tuganbaev T, Mor U, Bashiardes S, Liwinski T, Nobs SP, Leshem A, Dori-Bachash M, Pinker EY, Ratiner K, Adlung LK, Federici S, Kleimeyer C, Moresi C, Yamada T, Cohen Y, Massalha H, Massasa E, Kuperman Y, Koni PA, Harmelin A, Gao N, Itzkovitz S, Honda, Shapiro H, Elinav E. 2020. Diet diurnally regulates SI microbiome-epithelial-immune homeostasis and enteritis. Cell, Epub. PMID 32888430
  19. Stein-Thoeringer, C. K.; et al. (22 April 2023). "A non-antibiotic-disrupted gut microbiome associated with clinical responses to CD19-CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy". Nature Medicine. 29 (4): 906–916. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02234-6. PMC 10121864. PMID 36914893.
  20. Sample, Ian (22 July 2019). "Motor neurone disease researchers find link to microbes in gut". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  21. Blacher E, Bashiardes S, Shapiro H, Rothschild D, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Kleimeyer C, Moresi C, Harnik Y, Zur M, Zabari M, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Kviatcovsky D, Zmora N, Cohen Y, Bar N, Levi Y, Amar N, Mehlman T, Brandis A, Biton I, Kuperman Y, Tsoory M, Alfahel L, Harmelin A, Schwartz M, Israelson A, Arike L, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC, Gotkine M, Segal E, Elinav E. 2019. Potential roles of gut microbiome & metabolites in modulation of murine ALS. Nature, 572(7770):474-80. PMID 31330533.
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  23. Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, Israeli D, Zmora N, Gilad S,  Weinberger A, Kuperman Y, Harmelin A, Kolodkin-Gal I, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E (last coauthor), Elinav E. 2014. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the microbiota, Nature 514(7521):181-6. PMID 25097255.
  24. Ze'evy D, Korem T, Rothschild D, Weinberger A, Zmora N, Israeli D, Ben-Yacov O, Lador D, Avnit-Sagi T, Lotan-Pompan M, Suez J, Ali Mahdi, J, Matot E, Malka G, Kosower N, Rein M, Zilberman-Schapira G, Dohnalova L, Pevsner-Fischer M, Bikovsky R, Halpern Z, Elinav E (co-corresponding last co-author), Segal E. Personalized Nutrition for the Prediction of Glycemic Responses. Cell, 163(5):1079-1094. PMID 26590418.
  25. Veiga P, Suez J, Derrien M, Elinav E. 2020. Moving from probiotics to precision probiotics. Nature Microbiology, 5(7)-878-80. PMID 32393856
  26. "Prof. Eran Elinav". BiomX. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  27. Sara Federici, Sharon Kredo-Russo, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Denise Kviatcovsky, Eyal Weinstock, Yulia Matiuhin, Yael Silberberg, Koji Atarashi, Munehiro Furuichi, Akihiko Oka, Bo Liu, Morine Fibelman, Iddo Nadav Weiner, Efrat Khabra, Nyssa Cullin, Noa Ben-Yishai, Dana Inbar, Hava Ben-David, Julian Nicenboim, Noga Kowalsman, Wolfgang Lieb, Edith Kario, Tal Cohen, Yael Friedman Geffen, Lior Zelcbuch, Ariel Cohen, Urania Rappo, Inbar Gahali-Sass, Myriam Golembo, Vered Lev, Mally Dori-Bachash, Hagit Shapiro, Claudia Moresi, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Gayatree Mohapatra, Lara Kern, Danping Zheng, Samuel Philip Nobs, Jotham Suez, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Naomi Zak, Sailaja Puttagunta, Merav Bassan, Kenya Honda, Harry Sokol, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Christoph Schramm, Nitsan Maharshak, Ryan Balfour Sartor, Rotem Sorek, Eran Elinav,Federici, S.; et al. (2022). "Prof. Eran Elinav". Cell. 185 (16): 2879–2898.e24. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.003. PMID 35931020. S2CID 251307990.
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  29. Suez J, Zmora N, Zilbrerman-Schapira G, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, Zur M, Regev-LehavI D, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Federici S, Horn M, Cohen Y, Moor AE, Zeevy D, Korem T, Harmelin A, Itzkovitz S, Maharshak N, Shibolet O, Pevnser-Fishcher M, Shapiro H, Sharon I, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E. 2018. Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous FMT. Cell, 174, 1406–1423. PMID 30193113.
  30. Davis, Nicola (7 October 2019). "Vaginal fluid transplants could cure bacterial vaginosis". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  31. Lev-Sagie A, Goldman-Wohl D, Cohen Y, Dori-Bachash M, Leshem A, Mor U,  Strahilevitz J, Moses A, Shapiro H, Yagel S, Elinav E. 2019. Vaginal Microbiome Transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis. Nature Medicine, 25(10):1500–1504. PMID 31591599
  32. Thaiss CA, Levy M, Grosheva I, Zheng D, Soffer E, Blacher E, Braverman S, Tengeler A, Barak O, Elazar M, Ben-Zeev R, Lehavi-Regev D, Katz MN, Pevnser-Fischer M, Gertler A, Halpern Z, Harmelin A, Aamar S, Serradas P, Grosfeld A, Shapiro H, Geiger B, Elinav E. 2018. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk of enteric infection. Science, 359(6382):1376-83. PMID 29519916.
  33. Grosheva I, Zheng D, Levy M, Polansky O, Lichtenstein A, Golani O, Dori-Bachash M, Moresi C, Shapiro H, Del Mare-Roumani S, Valdes-Mas R, He Y, Karbi H, Chen M, Harmelin A, Straussman R, Yissachar N, Elinav E (last co-corresponding coauthor), Geiger B. 2020. High-Throughput Screen Identifies Host and Microbiota Regulators of Intestinal Barrier Function. Gastroenterology, Epub. PMID 32653496
  34. Jotham Suez, Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdés-Mas, Uria Mor, Mally Dori-Bachash, Sara Federici, Niv Zmora, Avner Leshem, Melina Heinemann, Raquel Linevsky, Maya Zur, Rotem Ben-Zeev Brik, Aurelie Bukimer, Shimrit Eliyahu-Miller, Alona Metz, Ruthy Fischbein, Olga Sharov, Sergey Malitsky, Maxim Itkin, Noa Stettner, Alon Harmelin, Hagit Shapiro, Christoph K. Stein-Thoeringer, Eran Segal, Eran Elinav | Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance, Suez, J.; Cohen, Y.; Valdés-Mas, R.; Mor, U.; Dori-Bachash, M.; Federici, S.; Zmora, N.; Leshem, A.; Heinemann, M.; Linevsky, R.; Zur, M.; Ben-Zeev Brik, R.; Bukimer, A.; Eliyahu-Miller, S.; Metz, A.; Fischbein, R.; Sharov, O.; Malitsky, S.; Itkin, M.; Stettner, N.; Harmelin, A.; Shapiro, H.; Stein-Thoeringer, C. K.; Segal, E.; Elinav, E. (2022). "Prof. Eran Elinav". Cell. 185 (18): 3307–3328.e19. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.016. PMID 35987213. S2CID 251667371.
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  44. Thaiss CA, Levy M, Korem T, Zweevi D, Jaitin DA, David E, Dohnalova L, Meijer M, Kartvelishvily E, Pevsner-Fischer M, Gatt ME, Harmelin A, Halpern Z, Amit I, Segal E, Elinav E. 2016. Microbiota diurnal rhythmicity program host trascriptome oscillations. Cell, 167, 1495–1510. PMID 27912092.
  45. Oaklander, Mandy (16 October 2014). "How Jet Lag Can Contribute to Obesity". Time. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
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  48. Awards And Honors | Scientific Council Prizes- 2016, Weizmann Institute of Science
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  50. "Eran Elinav". Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
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