Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity

The Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity (Estonian: Inimsusevastaste Kuritegude Uurimise Eesti Rahvusvaheline Komisjon; also known as the History Commission or Max Jakobson Commission) was the commission established by President of Estonia Lennart Meri in October 1998 to investigate crimes against humanity committed in Estonia or against its citizens during the Soviet and German occupation, such as Soviet deportations from Estonia and the Holocaust in Estonia.

It held its first session in Tallinn in January 1999. To promote independent inquiry and avoid conflict of interest, there were no Estonian citizens among its members. Finnish diplomat Max Jakobson was appointed chairman of the commission.

Research of the Commission has been relied on by the European Court of Human Rights, for example in its decision to not grant certiorari to review a complaint by August Kolk and Pyotr Kislyy, who had been convicted of crimes against humanity due to their roles in the Soviet deportations from Estonia.[1]

The Commission fulfilled its purpose by 2007 and was succeeded by the Estonian Institute of Historical Memory.

Members

Max Jakobson, Chairman
Uffe Ellemann-Jensen, President of the European Liberal Party, former Foreign Minister of Denmark
Paul A. Goble, Director of Communications of Public Relations of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Nicholas Lane, Chairman of the International Relations Commission of the American Jewish Committee
Peter Reddaway, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at the George Washington University
Arseny Roginsky, Chairman of the Council of the Scientific and Educational Centre Memorial of Moscow, Scientific Programme Manager
Wolfgang von Stetten, Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages

Notes

Eesti Päevaleht 27 May 2008: Max Jakobsoni komisjon lõpetab uurimise by Anneli Ammas

Sources

Official website
Mälksoo, Lauri (2001). Soviet Genocide? Communist Mass Deportations in the Baltic States and International Law. Leiden Journal of International Law 14, 757–787.

External links and further reading

Links to reports of the Commission in English, Estonian, and Russian Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine

Occupation of the Baltic states
Background Timeline Soviet occupation (1940) Nazi occupation (1941) Soviet re-occupation (1944)
Diplomatic treaties in 1939	German–Lithuanian Pact (March 23) German–Estonian Pact (June 7) German–Latvian Pact (June 7) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (August 23) Soviet–Estonian Treaty (September 28) Soviet–Latvian Treaty (October 5) Soviet–Lithuanian Treaty (October 10)
Massacres and repressions	Masļenki border incident (1940) Rainiai massacre (1941) Kautla massacre (1941)
Deportations	June deportation (1941) May deportation (1948) March deportation (1949) October deportation (1951) by country from Estonia from Latvia from Lithuania
Armed resistance	Guerilla war Latvian Lithuanian Estonian Legion Latvian Legion Operation Jungle
Research and investigation	Kersten Committee Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania Museum of the Occupation of Latvia
Art and media	Ashes in the Snow Between Shades of Gray Dangerous Summer Nobody Wanted to Die Utterly Alone In the Crosswind 1944 The Chronicles of Melanie The Fencer The Mover

The Holocaust in Estonia
Main article The Holocaust Related articles by country Belarus Latvia Lithuania Norway Poland Russia Ukraine
Crimes	Kalevi-Liiva
Prominent victims	Zelig Kalmanovich Wolf Durmashkin
Major perpetrators	Hans Aumeier Karl Jäger Ernst Kaltenbrunner Aleksander Laak Hinrich Lohse Ain-Ervin Mere Hinrich Möller Alfred Rosenberg Martin Sandberger Rudolf Joachim Seck Franz Walter Stahlecker
Nazi occupation and organizations	Einsatzgruppen Reichskommissariat Ostland
Notable collaborators	Aleksander Laak Karl Linnas Ain-Ervin Mere Evald Mikson
Concentration camps	Klooga Jägala Vaivara
Documentation	Jäger Report Judenfrei
Concealment	Sonderaktion 1005
War crimes investigations and trials	Einsatzgruppen trial War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia Estonian International Commission
Righteous Among the Nations	Uku Masing Eha Masing Polina Lentsman
Related articles	History of the Jews in Estonia Estonia in World War II Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany

Anti-communism in Europe since 1989
Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
European hearings, resolutions and declarations	Council of Europe resolution 1481 (2006) European Public Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes (2008) Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism (2008) European Parliament declaration of 23 August 2008 European Public Hearing on European Conscience and Crimes of Totalitarian Communism: 20 Years After (2009) European Parliament resolution of 2 April 2009 Vilnius Declaration of the OSCE (2009) Declaration on Crimes of Communism (2010) Stockholm Programme of the EU (2010–2015) Warsaw Declaration of the EU (2011) European Parliament resolution on the importance of European remembrance for the future of Europe (2019)
Legislation	Bans on communist symbols Communist crimes Act on Illegality of the Communist Regime and on Resistance Against It Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Ukraine Lustration in Poland
Institutions	Black Ribbon Day Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes Institute of National Remembrance Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism House of Terror Museum Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial Reconciliation of European Histories Group Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies
Media	The Black Book of Communism (1997) Between Hitler and Stalin (2004) The Soviet Story (2008) Bloodlands (2010)
Opposition	Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests

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