Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)
A Treaty of Perpetual Peace (also "Treaty of Eternal Peace" or simply Perpetual Peace, Russian: Вечный мир, Lithuanian: Amžinoji taika, Polish: Pokój wieczysty, in Polish tradition Grzymułtowski Peace, Polish: Pokój Grzymułtowskiego) between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was signed on 6 May 1686 in Moscow by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth envoys: voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski and chancellor (kanclerz) of Lithuania Marcjan Ogiński and Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn. These parties were incited to cooperate after a major geopolitical intervention in Ukraine on the part of the Ottoman Empire.[1]
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| Signed | 1686 |
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| Location | Moscow |
| Condition | 1686-1772 |
| Signatories |
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The treaty confirmed the earlier Truce of Andrusovo of 1667.[1] It consisted of a preamble and 33 articles. The treaty secured Russia's possession of Left-bank Ukraine plus the right-bank city of Kiev.[2] 146,000 rubles were to be paid to Poland as compensation for the loss of the Left Bank.[2] The region of Zaporizhian Sich, Siverian lands, cities of Chernihiv, Starodub, Smolensk and its outskirts were also ceded to Russia, while Poland retained Right-bank Ukraine. Both parties agreed not to sign a separate treaty with the Ottoman Empire.[2] By signing this treaty, Russia became a member of the anti-Turkish coalition, which comprised Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Roman Empire and Venice. Russia pledged to organize a military campaign against the Crimean Khanate, which led to the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700).
The treaty was a major success for Russian diplomacy. Strongly opposed in Poland-Lithuania, it was not ratified by the Sejm (parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) until 1710.[2][3] The legal legitimacy of its ratification has been disputed.[4] According to Jacek Staszewski, the treaty was not confirmed by a resolution of the Sejm until the Convocation Sejm (1764).[5]
The borders between Russia and the Commonwealth established by the treaty remained in effect until the First Partition of Poland in 1772.
References
- Ariel Cohen (1998). Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis. Greenwood Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-275-96481-8.
- Jerzy Jan Lerski; Piotr Wróbel; Richard J. Kozicki (1996). Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
- Norman Davies (1982). God's Playground, a History of Poland: The origins to 1795. Columbia University Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-231-05351-8.
- Eugeniusz Romer, O wschodniej granicy Polski z przed 1772 r., w: Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Oswalda Balzera, t. II, Lwów 1925, s. [355].
- Jacek Staszewski, August II Mocny, Wrocław 1998, p. 100.
