Ballon d'Or
The Ballon d'Or (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ] ⓘ; lit. 'Golden Ball') is an annual football award presented by French news magazine France Football since 1956. Between 2010 and 2015, in an agreement with FIFA, the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year (founded in 1991) and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or. That partnership ended in 2016, and the award reverted to the Ballon d'Or, while FIFA also reverted to its own separate annual award The Best FIFA Men's Player. The recipients of the joint FIFA Ballon d'Or are considered as winners by both award organisations. The Ballon d’Or is generally regarded as football’s most prestigious and valuable individual award.[2] Nevertheless, critics have described the award as a "popularity contest", criticising its voting process and for systematically singling out an individual in a team sport.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
| Ballon d'Or | |
|---|---|
_02.jpg.webp) Ballon d'Or trophy | |
| Date | 1956 |
| Country | France |
| Presented by | France Football |
| First awarded | 1956 |
| Current holder |  Karim Benzema(1st award) |
| Most awards |  Lionel Messi(7 awards) |
| Most nominations |  Cristiano Ronaldo(18 nominations)[1] |
| Website | francefootball.fr |
Conceived by sports writers Gabriel Hanot and Jacques Ferran, the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year, based on voting by football journalists, from 1956 to 2006.[9] Originally, it was awarded only to players from Europe and widely known as the European Footballer of the Year award. In 1995, the Ballon d'Or was expanded to include all players from any origin that have been active at European clubs.[10][11]
After 2007, coaches and captains of national teams were also given the right to vote.[9] The award became a global prize in 2007 with all professional footballers from around the world being eligible.[12] In 2022, France Football modified the rules for the Ballon d'Or. They changed the timing so that awards were given not for achievements during a calendar year, but for a football season.[13] It was also decided that only those countries in the top 100 of the FIFA World Ranking would be allowed to vote.[13]
History
Stanley Matthews of England was the inaugural winner of the Ballon d'Or.[14] Prior to 2007, the award was generally known as the continental European Footballer of the Year award in English language and much international media. Even after 2007, it was usually identified with and referred to by that name because of its origin as a European award, until it was merged with FIFA's World Player award cementing its new worldwide claim.[15][16][17][18] Liberia's George Weah, the only African recipient, became the first non-European to win the award in 1995, the year that rules of eligibility were changed.[11] Ronaldo of Brazil became the first South American winner two years later.[11]
Lionel Messi has won the award a record seven times, followed by Cristiano Ronaldo with five. Three players have won the award three times each: Johan Cruyff, Michel Platini, and Marco van Basten. With seven awards each, Dutch, German, Argentine, Portuguese and French players have won the most Ballons d'Or. Players from Germany (1972, 1981) and the Netherlands (1988) occupied the top-three top spots in a single year (a feat achieved only three times in history). German (1972) and Italian (1988–1990) clubs achieved the same feat, including two individual years dominated by AC Milan players (1988, 1989), a unique record until Spanish clubs experienced an unforeseen dominance (2009–2012, 2015, 2016) and Barcelona (2010) became the second club to occupy the top-three. Two Spanish clubs, Barcelona and Real Madrid, also lead the ranking for producing the most winners, with 12 wins each.[19]
Between 2010 and 2015 inclusive, the award was merged with a similar one, the FIFA World Player of the Year award, to create the FIFA Ballon d'Or, which was awarded to the world's best male player before FIFA and France Football decided not to continue the merging agreement.[20] After 2011, UEFA created the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award to maintain the tradition of the original Ballon d'Or of specifically honouring a football player from Europe.[21]
In 2020, the Group L'Équipe, to which France Football belongs, decided that no award would be given for the year due to the COVID-19 pandemic cutting short the seasons of football clubs worldwide.[22] The widespread public opinion is that the 2020 award should have been given to Robert Lewandowski.[23][24][25]
The award shows a bias in favor of attacking players, which has increased in recent years, especially after 2007.[9] Over time, the award has gone to a more exclusive set of leagues and clubs.[9] Prior to 1995, 10 leagues supplied Ballon d'Or winners, whereas only England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain have supplied winners since 1995.[9] Spain's La Liga has the most Ballon d'Or winners.[9] Barcelona and Real Madrid have supplied the most Ballon d'Or winners since 1995.[9]
In 2022, France Football modified the rules for the Ballon d'Or. They changed the timing so that awards were given not for achievements during a calendar year, but for a football season.[13] It was also decided that only those countries in the top 100 of the FIFA World Ranking would be allowed to vote. The plebiscite had previously been open to all countries since 2007. This brought the Ballon d'Or into line with the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award which was slightly less dominated by exclusive leagues and, in particular, Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi in recent years.[13]
Nine players (Bobby Charlton, Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Paolo Rossi, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, Ronaldinho, Kaká, and Lionel Messi) have won the FIFA World Cup, the European Cup/UEFA Champions League, and the Ballon d'Or during their careers.
Winners
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Note: Until 2021, the Ballon d'Or was awarded based on player performance during the calendar year. Since 2022, jurors have been instructed to take into account the previous season.[26]
| ‡ | This indicates the Ballon d'Or winning player also won the FIFA World Player of the Year or The Best FIFA Men's Player award in the same year (available in 1991–2009 and from 2016) |
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Wins by player
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| Player | Winner | Second place | Third place |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lionel Messi[note 32] |
7 (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2019, 2021) | 5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) | 1 (2007) |
| Cristiano Ronaldo[note 33] |
5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) | 6 (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2018) | 1 (2019) |
| Michel Platini |
3 (1983, 1984, 1985) | — | 2 (1977, 1980) |
 Johan Cruyff |
3 (1971, 1973, 1974) | — | 1 (1975) |
| Marco van Basten |
3 (1988, 1989, 1992) | — | — |
 Franz Beckenbauer |
2 (1972, 1976) | 2 (1974, 1975) | 1 (1966) |
 Ronaldo |
2 (1997, 2002) | 1 (1996) | 1 (1998) |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Alfredo Di Stéfano |
2 (1957, 1959) | 1 (1956) | — |
 Kevin Keegan |
2 (1978, 1979) | 1 (1977) | — |
| Karl-Heinz Rummenigge |
2 (1980, 1981) | 1 (1979) | — |
| Luis Suárez |
1 (1960) | 2 (1961, 1964) | 1 (1965) |
| Eusébio |
1 (1965) | 2 (1962, 1966) | — |
| Bobby Charlton |
1 (1966) | 2 (1967, 1968) | — |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Raymond Kopa |
1 (1958) | 1 (1959) | 2 (1956, 1957) |
| Gerd Müller |
1 (1970) | 1 (1972) | 2 (1969, 1973) |
| Zinedine Zidane |
1 (1998) | 1 (2000) | 1 (1997) |
 Gianni Rivera |
1 (1969) | 1 (1963) | — |
| Ruud Gullit |
1 (1987) | 1 (1988) | — |
| Lothar Matthäus |
1 (1990) | 1 (1991) | — |
| Roberto Baggio |
1 (1993) | 1 (1994) | — |
 Hristo Stoichkov |
1 (1994) | 1 (1992) | — |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Andriy Shevchenko |
1 (2004) | — | 2 (1999, 2000) |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} George Best |
1 (1968) | — | 1 (1971) |
 Allan Simonsen |
1 (1977) | — | 1 (1983) |
| Ronaldinho |
1 (2005) | — | 1 (2004) |
 Lev Yashin |
1 (1963) | ||
 Flórián Albert |
1 (1967) | — | — |
| Jean-Pierre Papin |
1 (1991) | — | — |
 George Weah |
1 (1995) | — | — |
| Matthias Sammer |
1 (1996) | — | — |
| Rivaldo |
1 (1999) | — | — |
| Luís Figo |
1 (2000) | — | — |
| Michael Owen |
1 (2001) | — | — |
 Pavel Nedvěd |
1 (2003) | — | — |
| Fabio Cannavaro |
1 (2006) | — | — |
| Kaká |
1 (2007) | — | — |
 Luka Modrić |
1 (2018) | — | — |
| Karim Benzema |
1 (2022) | — | — |
Wins by country
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| Country | Players | Wins |
|---|---|---|
| France |
5 | 7 |
| Germany |
5 | 7 |
| Netherlands |
3 | 7 |
| Portugal |
3 | 7 |
| Argentina |
1 | 7 |
| Italy |
5 | 5 |
| Brazil |
4 | 5 |
| England |
4 | 5 |
| Soviet Union |
3 | 3 |
 Spain |
2 | 3 |
| Bulgaria |
1 | 1 |
| Croatia |
1 | 1 |
| Czech Republic |
1 | 1 |
| Czechoslovakia |
1 | 1 |
| Denmark |
1 | 1 |
| Hungary |
1 | 1 |
| Liberia |
1 | 1 |
| Northern Ireland |
1 | 1 |
 Scotland |
1 | 1 |
 Ukraine |
1 | 1 |
Wins by club
| Club | Players | Wins |
|---|---|---|
| Real Madrid |
8 | 12 |
| Barcelona |
6 | 12 |
| Juventus |
6 | 8 |
| Milan |
6 | 8 |
| Bayern Munich |
3 | 5 |
| Manchester United |
4 | 4 |
| Dynamo Kyiv |
2 | 2 |
| Inter Milan |
2 | 2 |
| Hamburger SV |
1 | 2 |
| Ajax |
1 | 1 |
| Benfica |
1 | 1 |
| Blackpool |
1 | 1 |
| Borussia Dortmund |
1 | 1 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach |
1 | 1 |
| Dukla Prague |
1 | 1 |
 Dynamo Moscow |
1 | 1 |
| Ferencváros |
1 | 1 |
| Liverpool |
1 | 1 |
| Marseille |
1 | 1 |
| Paris Saint-Germain |
1 | 1 |
Additional awards
Ballon d'Or Dream Team
Super Ballon d'Or
An honorary award, under the name Super Ballon d'Or, was awarded to Alfredo Di Stéfano in 1989, who was voted the best multiple-time Ballon d'Or winner ahead of Johan Cruyff and Michel Platini.[30]
In addition Diego Maradona received an honorary Ballon d'Or in 1995 for his services to football dubbed the Golden Ballon d'Or.[31][32] Pelé also received a similar award in January 2014 dubbed the FIFA Ballon d’Or Prix d’Honneur.[33]
Kopa Trophy
Since 2018 France Football has given out the Kopa Trophy to the best U21 player in the world. The award is named after former Ballon d'Or winner Raymond Kopa.
Yashin Trophy
First awarded in 2019, the Yashin Trophy is presented to the best goalkeeper of the year. The award was named after Soviet goalkeeper and former Ballon d'Or winner Lev Yashin.[34]
Gerd Müller Trophy
In 2021 France Football awarded Robert Lewandowski with a Striker of the Year award for scoring the most goals the previous season. After Gerd Müller passing the award was renamed as the Gerd Müller Trophy.[35][36]
Club of the Year
France Football first gave out the Club of the Year award in 2021, with the inaugural winner being Chelsea.[37][38]
Sócrates Award
In 2022 France Football gave out the first edition of the Sócrates Award to Sadio Mané for his humanitarian efforts in Senegal.[39] The award was named after Brazilian footballer Sócrates.
Football Player of the Century
A decade later, France Football voted Pelé as the Football Player of the Century after consulting their former Ballon d'Or recipients. Among the 34 previous winners, 30 cast their votes, while Stanley Matthews, Omar Sívori and George Best refused to vote, and Lev Yashin had died. Each voter was allotted five votes worth up to five points; however, Di Stéfano only chose a first place, Platini a first and second place, and George Weah two players for fifth place. Pelé was named the greatest by 17 voters, receiving almost double the number of points earned by the runner-up, Diego Maradona.[40][41]
| Player | Pts | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelé |
122 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Diego Maradona |
65 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| Johan Cruyff |
62 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 2 |
| Alfredo Di Stéfano |
44 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Michel Platini |
40 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
Le nouveau palmarès
To coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Ballon d'Or in 2016, France Football published a reevaluation of the awards presented before 1995, when only European players were eligible to win the award. 12 out of the 39 Ballons d'Or presented during this time period would have been awarded to South American players; in addition to Pelé and Diego Maradona, Garrincha, Mario Kempes, and Romário were retrospectively recognized as worthy winners. The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[42]
| Year | Original winner | Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| 1958 | Raymond Kopa |
Pelé |
| 1959 | Alfredo Di Stéfano |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pelé |
| 1960 | Luis Suárez |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pelé |
| 1961 | Omar Sívori |
Pelé |
| 1962 | Josef Masopust |
Garrincha |
| 1963 | Lev Yashin |
Pelé |
| 1964 | Denis Law |
Pelé |
| 1970 | Gerd Müller |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pelé |
| 1978 | Kevin Keegan |
Mario Kempes |
| 1986 | Igor Belanov |
Diego Maradona |
| 1990 | Lothar Matthäus |
Diego Maradona |
| 1994 | Hristo Stoichkov |
Romário |
All-Star Team
In 1978, France Football published an article about that year's South American Footballer of the Year award in which they hypothesised a match between a South American All-Star Team and a European All-Star team, featuring the players who had performed the best in the award rankings.[43] An article from 1994 published by El País reports a "Golden Team" having been chosen at the 1994 Ballon d'Or gala.[44]
| Goalkeeper | Defenders | Midfielders | Forwards |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
See also
Notes
- Kopa was signed by Real Madrid from Reims midway through 1956.
- Born in Argentina, Di Stéfano acquired Spanish citizenship in 1956 and went on to play for the Spanish national team.
- Kopa was signed by Reims from Real Madrid midway through 1959.
- Born in Argentina, Sívori acquired Italian citizenship in 1961 and went on to play for the Italian national team.
- Luis Suárez was signed by Inter Milan from Barcelona midway through 1961.
- Cruyff was signed by Barcelona from Ajax midway through 1973.
- Keegan was signed by Hamburger SV from Liverpool midway through 1977.
- Krankl was signed by Barcelona from Rapid Wien midway through 1978.
- Schuster was signed by Barcelona from 1. FC Köln midway through 1980.
- Boniek was signed by Juventus from Widzew Łódź midway through 1982.
- Simonsen was signed by Vejle from Charlton Athletic midway through 1983.
- Elkjær was signed by Hellas Verona from Lokeren midway through 1984.
- Lineker was signed by Barcelona from Everton midway through 1986.
- Gullit was signed by Milan from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1987.
- Futre was signed by Atlético Madrid from Porto midway through 1987.
- Rijkaard was signed by Milan from Zaragoza midway through 1988.
- Bergkamp was signed by Inter Milan from Ajax midway through 1993.
- Weah was signed by Milan from Paris Saint-Germain midway through 1995.
- Klinsmann was signed by Bayern Munich from Tottenham Hotspur midway through 1995.
- Ronaldo was signed by Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven midway through 1996.
- Shearer was signed by Newcastle United from Blackburn Rovers midway through 1996.
- Ronaldo was signed by Inter Milan from Barcelona midway through 1997.
- Shevchenko was signed by Milan from Dynamo Kyiv midway through 1999.
- Figo was signed by Real Madrid from Barcelona midway through 2000.
- Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Inter Milan midway through 2002.
- Deco was signed by Barcelona from Porto midway through 2004.
- Cannavaro was signed by Real Madrid from Juventus midway through 2006.
- Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Real Madrid from Manchester United midway through 2009.
- Neymar was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2017.
- Cristiano Ronaldo was signed by Juventus from Real Madrid midway through 2018.
- Messi was signed by Paris Saint-Germain from Barcelona midway through 2021.
- Messi won four FIFA Ballons d'Or (2010, 2011, 2012, 2015) and twice finished in second place (2013, 2014).[28][29]
- Cristiano Ronaldo won two FIFA Ballons d'Or (2013, 2014) and finished in second place three times (2011, 2012, 2015).[28][29]
References
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- "Ballon d'Or, FIFA The Best awards: what's the difference between them?". Diario AS. 24 February 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
Created by France Football in 1956, the Ballon d'Or is generally regarded as soccer's most prestigious award.
- Why the Ballon d'Or is a waste of time
- Why the Ballon d’Or has become a meaningless accolade
- Why the Ballon d’Or is stupid and quite possibly evil
- Weekly Why: FIFA's Ballon d'Or and the Absurdity of Glorifying Individual Awards
- Emmanuel Petit: Some players would take ‘stupid’ Ballon d’Or over trophies
- The Ballon d'Or Is Stupid, But Mohamed Salah Deserves To Win It Anyway
- Straeten, Karine van der; Laslier, Jean-François; Daoust, Jean-François; Blais, André; Arrondel, Luc; Anderson, Christopher J. (2020). "Messi, Ronaldo, and the Politics of Celebrity Elections: Voting for the Best Soccer Player in the World". Perspectives on Politics. 18: 91–110. doi:10.1017/S1537592719002391. ISSN 1537-5927.
- "Matthews wins first Golden Ball". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
- "The 1990s Ballon d'Or winners". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
- "Kaka wins 2007 award". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
- "Ballon d'Or : Quatre changements pour l'histoire".
- "Ronaldo joins legendary list". BBC Sport. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2008.
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- "The FIFA Ballon d'Or is born". FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 5 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
- "How the award came about". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- "THE BALLON D'OR® WILL NOT BE AWARDED IN 2020". L'Equipe. 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- Andrews, Connor (1 December 2021). "Robert Lewandowski was cruelly robbed of 2020 Ballon d'Or and striker's 2021 stats are far better than Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi, who praised him". Talksport. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- "Lewandowski could still receive 2020 Ballon d'Or: France Football should think about it". Marca. 1 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- "PSG's Lionel Messi: Robert Lewandowski deserved to win 2020 Ballon d'Or award". ESPN. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- Reidy, Paul (17 October 2022). "Ballon d'Or, FIFA The Best awards: what's the difference between them?". AS.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- "Ballon d'Or: Players who have received the most nominations". 90min. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
- "La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
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- "The Super Ballon d'Or, the most prestigious and rare award only ONE player has ever won". SPORTbible. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Pele receives FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur". FIFA.com. 13 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- "Ballon d'Or 2019: Yachine Trophy: the candidates for the award". Diario AS. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Ballon d'Or 2021 - Bayern Munich striker Robert Lewandowski wins Goalscorer of the Year award". Eurosport.com. Eurosport. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- Murray, Scott (29 November 2021). "Alexia Putellas and Lionel Messi win 2021 Ballon d'Or – as it happened". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Chelsea sacré club de l'année". L'Équipe (in French). Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Ballon d'Or 2022: Benzema wins, awards, winners and latest updates from the ceremony". Diario AS. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- "Mane wins Socrates Award 2022". www.besoccer.com. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
- Stokkermans, Karel (23 December 2015). "France Football's Football Player of the Century". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
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- Marchand, Thierry (December 2015). "On a refait le palmarès". France Football. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
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- "París corona a Stoichkov como rey de Europa | Deportes | EL PAÍS". 12 July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
External links
- "European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or")". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- "La liste complête des lauréats du Ballon d'or, de 1956 à nos jours". France Football. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
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France Football awards (Ballon d'Or, Ballon d'Or Dream Team, French Player of the Year, Gerd Müller Trophy, Kopa Trophy, Super Ballon d'Or, Yashin Trophy) Related awards (FIFA Women's World Player of the Year (2001–2015), The Best FIFA Women's Player) |
