Euspira nitida

Euspira nitida (common name : common necklace shell) is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails.[1]

Euspira nitida
Apertural and abapertural view of the shell of Euspira nitida.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:
Naticoidea
Family:
Naticidae
Subfamily:
Polinicinae
Genus:
Euspira
Species:
E. nitida
Binomial name
Euspira nitida
(Donovan, 1804)
Synonyms

See list

Distribution

The common necklace shell is a common sea snail occurring in the sublittoral zone and deeper waters (exceptionally up to 2,000 m) along sandy coasts of the North Sea, from France to Norway, and the North East Atlantic (Iceland). It is also common in the Mediterranean Sea. It can be frequently found in great numbers washed ashore on beaches. It has been present in the North Sea since the Pliocene.

Description of the shell

The globular shell is rather small with a low spire : max. 16 mm high and 14 mm wide. The shell has a rather pointed apex. There are 5 to 6 gently convex whorls with an undeep suture. The body whorl is strongly rounded and covers almost the whole shell. The aperture is rather ovate and has a smooth outer lip. A siphonal canal is lacking. The umbilicus is partly covered with a callus. The horny operculum is composed of corneous material. The surface of the shell is smooth and shiny and lacks sculpture. Its color is a pale brown-yellow stained with orange to red-brown spots, arranged in four to five spiral lines. The shell of washed up specimens shows often a blue-black discoloration.

Taxonomy

Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1804) is the earliest available name for the common, shallow water, small-sized Euspira species that, in the Atlantic, has been called alderi, and in the Mediterranean has been called pulchella. Donovan's name was based on albino specimens of this species, which is why the name nitida has in the past been wrongly rejected by some authors as that of an "exotic" or "tropical" species.[1]

There are many synonyms for this species [2]

  • Euspira poliana (Delle Chiaje, 1826)
  • Euspira pulchella (Risso, 1826)
  • Lunatia alderi (Forbes, 1838)
  • Lunatia intermedia (Philippi, 1836)
  • Lunatia poliana (Della Chiaje, 1826)
  • Lunatia pulchella (Risso, 1826)
  • Lunatica nitida (Donovan, 1804)
  • Natica alderi Forbes, 1838
  • Natica alderi var. elata Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
  • Natica alderi var. globulosa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
  • Natica alderi var. lactea Jeffreys, 1867
  • Natica alderi var. subovalis Jeffreys, 1867
  • Natica alderi var. ventricosa Jeffreys, 1867
  • Natica complanata Locard, 1886
  • Natica intermedia Philippi, 1836 (Invalid: junior homonym of Natica intermedia Deshayes, 1832)
  • Natica neustriaca Locard, 1886
  • Natica nitida (Donovan, 1804)
  • Natica parvula Tapparone Canefri, 1869
  • Natica poliana Delle Chiaje, 1826
  • Natica pulchella Risso, 1826
  • Nerita nitida Donovan, 1804 (original combination)
  • Nerita poliana Delle Chiaje, 1830
  • Polinices (Euspira) pulchellus (Risso, 1826)
  • Polinices (Lunatia) alderi (Forbes, 1838)
  • Polinices (Lunatia) intermedia (Philippi, 1836)
  • Polinices (Lunatia) poliana (Delle Chiaje, 1826)
  • Polinices alderi (Forbes, 1838)
  • Polinices pulchella (Risso, 1826)

References
  1. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1804). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151894 on 2015-06-21
  2. WoRMS Euspira pulchella
  • Huelsken T., Marek K., Schreiber S., Schmidt I. & Hollmann M. (2008). The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses. Zootaxa 1770: 1-40

Sources

Further reading
  • Fretter, V. & Graham, A., 1962. British Prosobranch Molluscs. Adlard & Son Ltd, for Ray Society, London, 755 pp.
  • Fretter, V. & Graham, A., 1981. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark, 6. - Cerithiacea, Strombacea, Hipponicacea, Calyptraeacea, Lamellariacea, Cypraeacea, Naticacea, Tonnacea, Heteropoda. Journal of Molluscan Studies, Supplement 9, pp. 285–363.
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
  • Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp
  • Huelsken T., Marek K., Schreiber S., Schmidt I. & Hollmann M. (2008). The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses. Zootaxa 1770: 1-40
  • de Bruyne, R.H.; Bank, R.A.; Adema, J.P.H.M.; Perk, F.A. (1994). Nederlandse naamlijst van de weekdieren (Mollusca) van Nederland en Belgie: feestuitgave ter gelegenheid van het zestig-jarig jubileum van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging [Dutch namelist of the Mollusca from the Netherlands and Belgium: festive edition at the occasion of the 60-year jubilee of the Dutch Malacological Society]. Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-73348-33-1. 149 pp.
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