Expedition to Canton

The Expedition to Canton was a British punitive expedition that captured the forts along the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 2–3 April 1847. Beginning at the Humen Strait (Bogue), the British captured the forts leading up to the city of Canton (Guangzhou). The operation was in response to British subjects being attacked by the Chinese near Canton. Hong Kong Governor John Davis demanded redress from Chinese Commissioner Keying.

Expedition to Canton

British troops awaiting the arrival of Commissioner Keying at the British Factory in Canton
Date2–3 April 1847
Location
Pearl River, Guangdong, China
23°6′34.6″N 113°19′58″E
Result British victory
Belligerents

 United Kingdom

 Qing China
Commanders and leaders
John Davis
George D'Aguilar		 Keying
Strength
966 troops[1]
6 ships		 Unknown
Casualties and losses
No casualties[2] No casualties[3]
879 guns captured

Unsatisfied with his reply, Davis ordered Major-General George D'Aguilar, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, to seize the forts approaching Canton and to prepare for an attack on the city to force reparations on the spot.[1] The forts were captured, but Canton was spared after Keying agreed to punish the culprits and to allow entry into the city.[4]

Operations

On the afternoon of 1 April 1847, D'Aguilar received communication from Davis with orders to proceed to Canton with force. At midnight, the following forces were embarked:[1]

British operations began with the capture of the Bogue forts. Listed are the number of ordnance captured at each site:[5]

  • Anunghoy Island – 208
  • North Wangtong Island – 150
  • South Wangtong Island – 109

Further up the Canton River past Whampoa Island, the British encountered a staked barrier and captured the following locations:

  • Pachow Fort – 64
  • Wookongtap Fort – 41
  • Napier's Island – 49
  • Whampoa Creek – 65

In the final phase, the British captured the forts outside the city of Canton:

  • French Folly – 38
  • Dutch Folly – 23
  • Rogue Fort – 26
  • Zigzag Battery – 20
  • Segment Battery – 30
  • Shameen Battery – 56
  • Map of the expedition
    Map of the expedition
  • HMS Vulture starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April
    HMS Vulture starting operations at the Bogue, 2 April
  • Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April
    Capture of Anunghoy, 2 April
  • Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island
    Attacking the batteries near the staked barrier above Whampoa Island
  • Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April
    Attacking the forts of Wookongtap and Whampoa Creek, 3 April
  • Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort
    Royal Sappers and Miners blow up the French Folly Fort

References
  1. D'Aguilar, George Charles (1848). Correspondence Relative to the Operations in the Canton River. April, 1847. Brighton: Arthur Wallis. pp. 20–21.
  2. The London Gazette: no. 20748 p. 2373. 25 June 1847. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  3. "War with China". The New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian 4 (231): 3. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  4. Bard, Solomon (2002). Voices from the Past: Hong Kong 1842-1918. Hong Kong University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9622095747.
  5. D'Aguilar 1848, pp. 23–24

Further reading
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