Falkhan

Falkhan (Russian: Фалхан, Ingush: Фалхан) is a rural locality (a selo) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia, Russia. It is part of the Lyazhgi rural settlement.[4]

Falkhan
Фалхан
Aul
Other transcription(s)
 • IngushФалхане
Towers of Falkhan
Towers of Falkhan
Location of Falkhan
Falkhan is located in Russia
Falkhan
Falkhan
Location of Falkhan
Falkhan is located in Republic of Ingushetia
Falkhan
Falkhan
Falkhan (Republic of Ingushetia)
Coordinates: 42°49′16″N 44°44′07″E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectIngushetia
Population
 (2010 Census)[1]
 • Total0
 • Estimate 
(2021)[2]
0
 • Subordinated toDzheyrakhsky District
Postal code(s)[3]
386430

Name

The toponym is of ancient origin. It splits into three parts: Falkha-n-e, out of which, "-n" and "-e/ye" are suffixes of Ingush language.[5] Ethnonym Falkhankhoy (a teip) takes its name from Falkhan.[6] According to Akhmad Suleymanov, the name of the village is associated with the Ingush word fala (фала) which means "free".[7]

Geography

Falkhan is located in the Kistin Gorge,[8] on the slope of the spur of the Tseylomsky Ridge, on the right bank of a small mountain stream Mekhinchie south of the villages of Metskhal and Khast-Mokie. There are nearby several pastures and meadows like Tielta, Velkh tsona, Dal-tsonashkie, Mekhanchie and others, sometimes common to all nearby auls. In addition, there are old places of worship like Myat Selash, Ashp Koag, Gerg-Argie, Motskharashkie and others.[9]

History

Early History

Together with the villages of Targim, Egikal, Khamkhi and Metskhal, Falkhan is considered one of the historical cradle of the Ingush people.[10][11] According to ethnographer Bashir Dalgat, all of the villages and settlements (more than 20) of the Fyappin Society originate from Falkhan.[12] The population village was mainly made up of the Dzarakhovs, but also Adzhievs, Bersanovs, Umarovs and Kotievs.[13]

According to a legend, the village was founded by Ferkhast and his three sons who left village of Tyarsh. The territory of the village belonged to the Ghamnäqhan tribe (Ingush: ГIамнаькъан) which made it hard for others to settle here.[14] According to the same legend, the Ghamnäqhan were later killed by the inhabitants of Falkhan.[15][14]

The village consisted of Ingush towers which possibly date back to the 16th-17th centuries: 3 battle towers, a semi-combat tower and 12 residential towers. All the towers are 5-storey with flat roofs and high parapets. Throughout history, the towers were studied by archeologists like Leonid Semyonov, Ivan Shcheblykin, Evgeny Krupnov, Aleksey Robakidze, Vladimir Markovin, Jabrail Chakhkiev.[16]

The inhabitants were engaged in the manufacture of products from horn, clay, bone, wood and archery weapons. Cloth making, deposits of sulfur and saltpeter were developed, there were ores of copper and sulfur pyrites, brown iron ore, lead and zinc, as well as ocher.[17]

Later years

In 1811–1812, there were 30 households in Falkhan.[18][13] By the 1830s, the majority of Falkhan's inhabitants migrated to the villages of Dzheyrakh-Yurt, Sholkhi, Ghalghai Yurt and Fortress of Vladikavkaz, located in plain Ingushetia.[19] By the middle of 19th century, Dzarakhovs and Kotievs of Falkhan migrated to the village of Angusht. During that time, a mosque and a madrassa was built opposite of the Solar Necropolis of Falkhan with the help of Andi theologian Murdal-Hajji. Dibr-Mulla worked as the imam of the mosque at the request of Murdal-Hajji.[17]

In 1886, there were 22 families living in Falkhan: 10 Dzarakhov families, 3 Kotiev families, 3 Bersanov families and 2 Adzhiev families.[13]

Particularly massive migrations occurred in the middle of the 20th century as a result of the Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush. The last residents left Falkhan on February 23, 1944. After returning from Deportation, the natives of the village were denied to settle back in the aul as a result of new policy of Soviet Union.[17]

Modern

Today, the village with its historical sites is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa Museum-Reserve.[17]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±%
187471—    
1883143+101.4%
1890115−19.6%
191487−24.3%
192920−77.0%
Source:

Notable people
  • Dzhokhar Dzarakhov, musician.[20]
  • Ganyzh Keligov-Falkhanov, expert of Ingush folklore and culture, friend of Bashir Dalgat.[21]
  • Magomed-Girey Dzarakhov, participant of Defense of Brest Fortress in World War Two.[22]
  • Zakre Dzarakhov, participant of Defense of Brest Fortress in World War Two.[22]

References
  1. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Федеральная служба государственной статистики.
  3. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  4. Zakon Respubliki Ingushetia ot 23 fevralya 2009 goda.
  5. Kurkiev 1979, pp. 214, 225.
  6. Kurkiev 1979, p. 230.
  7. Suleymanov 1978, p. 21.
  8. Dzarakhova 2016, p. 22.
  9. Suleymanov 1978, pp. 21–22.
  10. Krupnov 1971, p. 49.
  11. Kuznetsov 2004, p. 40.
  12. Dalgat 2008, p. 150.
  13. Dzarakhova 2016, p. 24.
  14. Dzarakhova 2016, p. 23.
  15. Dakhkilgov 1978, p. 37.
  16. Chakhkiev 2003, pp. 36–37.
  17. Dzarakhova 2016, p. 28.
  18. Kobychev 1982, p. 29.
  19. Dzarakhova 2016, pp. 27–28.
  20. Dzarakhova 2021.
  21. Dzarakhova 2020.
  22. Kharsieva 2022.

Bibliography
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